تبیین امنیت و احساس امنیت اجتماعی زنان سرپرست خانوار با تمرکز بر سرمایه فرهنگی و اجتماعی (مورد مطالعه: زنان تحت پوشش کمیته امداد امام خمینی (ره) و سازمان بهزیستی شهر تهران در سال 1400)
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زن و جامعه
اصغر وثوقی اصل
1
(دانشجوی دکتری جامعه شناسی ،واحد گرمسار ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرمسار، ایران.)
هوشنگ ظهیری
2
(استادیار گروه جامعه شناسی، واحد گرمسار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرمسار، ایران.)
یعقوب شربتیان
3
(استادیار گروه جامعه شناسی، واحد گرمسار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرمسار، ایران.)
کلید واژه: سرمایه اجتماعی, احساس امنیت اجتماعی, سرمایه فرهنگی, زنان سرپرست خانوار, امنیت,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: طی چند دهۀ اخیر، اکثر کشور‌های جهان و به‌ویژه جوامع درحال‌توسعه شاهد تغییرات و تحولات سریع و گسترده ای بوده که الگو‌های توسعه و نیز ساختار‌های جمعیتی آنها را متأثر ساخته است. در این میان، افزایش خانوارهای زن سرپرست و مسائل اجتماعی و فرهنگی متعدد آنها منجر به شکل‌گیری دغدغه‌های امنیتی فراوانی نزد این خانوار ها گردیده است. لذا این تحقیق در تلاش است تا امنیت و احساس امنیت اجتماعی زنان سرپرست خانوار شهر تهران را با تمرکز بر سرمایه فرهنگی و اجتماعی آنها تبیین نماید.
روش تحقیق: این تحقیق به روش کمّی با راهبرد میدانی- پیمایشی و به صورت مقطعی انجام گرفت. حجم نمونه شامل 721 نفر از زنان سرپرست خانوار تحت پوشش سازمان بهزیستی و کمیته امداد امام خمینی بوده که به روش نمونه‌گیری طبقه‌ای متناسب با حجم برگزیده شدند.
یافته‌ها و نتیجه‌گیری: سرمایه اجتماعی و فرهنگی زنان سرپرست خانوار در حد متوسط به پایین بوده و امنیت اجتماعی و احساس امنیت زنان سرپرست خانوار در حد متوسط ارزیابی شده و بالاترین سطوح ناامنی در حوزه شغلی و مالی ملاحظه گردید. درنتیجه با افزایش میزان سرمایه اجتماعی زنان سرپرست خانوار، یعنی ارتقاء سطح اعتماد اجتماعی، افزایش میزان مشارکت اجتماعی، بهبود آگاهی اجتماعی خانوارهای زن سرپرست و نیز تراکم یافتن پیوندها و تعاملات اجتماعی زنان سرپرست خانوار، میزان امنیت و احساس امنیت اجتماعی آنها در جامعه و خانواده افزایش پیدا می‌کند.
Background and purpose: During the last few decades, most of the countries of the world, especially the developing societies, have witnessed rapid and widespread changes and developments that have affected their development patterns and population structures. Meanwhile, the increase of female-headed households and their numerous social and cultural issues have led to the formation of many security concerns among these households. Therefore, this research is trying to explain the security and sense of social security of female heads of households in Tehran, focusing on their cultural and social capital.
Research method: This research was carried out in a quantitative method with a field-survey strategy and cross-sectionally. The sample size included 721 female heads of households covered by the welfare organization and the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee, who were selected by stratified sampling based on the size.
Findings and conclusions: The social and cultural capital of women heads of households is average to low, and the social security and sense of security of women heads of households are evaluated as average, and the highest levels of insecurity were observed in the occupational and financial spheres. As a result, by increasing the amount of social capital of female heads of households, i.e. improving the level of social trust, increasing the amount of social participation, improving the social awareness of female headed households, as well as increasing the social ties and interactions of female headed households, the level of security and their sense of social security in society and family. increases.
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