مدل مکانی تولید سفر در هسته عملکردی مرکزی شهر کرمان

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری

مصطفی محمدی ده چشمه ¹ (گروه برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز ، اهواز، ایران)
مسلم قاسمی ² (دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1400/02/04 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/09/18 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/09/01

کلید واژه: هسته عملکردی", "تقاضای سفر", "اهداف سفر شغلی ", "جی آی اس", "محدوده مرکزی شهر کرمان,

چکیده مقاله :

موضوع حمل ونقل وترافیک که امروزه به عنوان یک پدیده سیاسی – اجتماعی نقش بسیار حساس ومهمی در کیفیت وساختار اقتصادی – اجتماعی یک جامعه ایفا می نماید. اصلاح الگوی کاربری زمین و مکان یابی کارآمد فعالیت ها یکی از راه های موثر در کاهش تولید سفر درون شهری عنوان شده است، به گونه ای که تصمیم گیری در رابطه با انجام و یا عدم انجام سفر به اندازه زیادی از عوامل اجتماعی- اقتصادی و شرایط توزیع کاربری زمین تاثیر می پذیرد. هدف تحقیق، سنجش مکانی تولید سفر درون شهری در پهنه عملکردی است. روش تحقیق، تحلیلی – توصیفی با استفاده از نرم افزار GIS می باشد. نتایج تحقیق نشان می دهد که بیشترین تعداد سفرهای شغلی متعلق به ناحیه 8 با 06/5% و کمترین آن ناحیه 18 با 09/1% بوده، بیشترین میزان تراکم جمعیت ثابت و سیال به واسطه سفرهای شغلی در ناحیه 42 و کمترین آن نیز به ناحیه 7 و همچنین بر اساس شاخص های حمل و نقلی محدوده ، بیشترین کمبود پارکینگ متعلق به ناحیه ترافیکی 8 با 29/17% و کمترین آن متعلق به ناحیه ترافیکی 42 با 97/0% و بیشترین میزان تصادفات به ناحیه ترافیکی 8 با 84/4% و کمترین آن نیز به ناحیه 18 با 65/0% درصد متعلق می باشد.لازم به ذکر است که بیشترین جذب وسیله نقلیه متعلق به ناحیه ترافیکی 8 با 84/4% و کمترین آن نیز به ناحیه 18 با 65/0% تعلق دارد. در نتیجه می توان گفت از بین نواحی مورد مطالعه در محدوده مرکزی شهر کرمان، ناحیه 8 بالاترین و ناحیه ترافیکی 18 پایین ترین میزان را براساس، تراکم جمعیت، سفرهای شغلی، کمبود پارکینگ ، تصادفات و جذب وسایل نقلیه دارا هستند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Introduction
Improving land use pattern and efficient location of activities has been considered as one of the effective ways to reduce the production of intra-city travel, so that the decision regarding whether or not to travel is based on many socio-economic factors and conditions. Land use distribution is affected.
Methods
The aim of the research is to spatially measure the production of intra-city travel in the functional area. The research method is analytical-descriptive using GIS software.
Results
The results show that the highest number of business trips belongs to District 8 with %5.06 and the lowest to District 18 with %1.09, the highest fixed and fluid population density is due to business trips in District 42 and the lowest to District 7 and also based on the transportation indicators of the area, the highest parking shortage belongs to traffic area 8 with %17.29 and the lowest belongs to traffic area 42 with %0.97 and the highest rate of accidents belongs to traffic area 8 with / %84. 4 and the lowest belongs to area 18 with %0.65. It should be noted that the highest vehicle absorption belongs to traffic area 8 with %4.84 and the lowest belongs to area 18 with %0.65 belongs to. As a result, it can be said that among the studied areas in the central part of Kerman, District 8 has the highest and traffic area 18 has the lowest based on population density, business trips, lack of parking, accidents and vehicle recruitment.
Conclusion
In the approach based on the production of internal travel in functional areas, a four-stage model is considered as a common model for forecasting travel demand, which always lacks valid representatives of the basic behavior of travel. According to McNally, travel-based approaches do not reflect the time constraints and dependencies of activity planning; he actually considers activities as the basis for the production of intercity travel .
Extended Abstract
 
Introduction
One of the problems of widening the passages or building new streets, especially in the dense fabric of the city, is the high price of the opposing properties, which drastically increases the cost of traffic plans; Therefore, the main solution to open the city traffic junction is to create underground passages. However, the construction of such passages in Kerman is not an easy task, because the rising level of groundwater in the city of Kerman has made it difficult to build underground passages. Therefore, in the present study, in order to achieve the purpose of the research, we try to measure the production of intra-city travel in the functional area of the central area of Kerman, which has been determined among the different travel priorities.
Methodology
The present study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method is a combination of documentary and survey methods that using travel generation models and by estimating descriptive variables, the volume of daily trips generated from / to four traffic areas in the functional zone. The central area of Kerman is predicted. Then, using GIS software, the distributed business trips of the year under study are distributed in the form of a map. Therefore, the tools in the research method are Arc Map and Global Maper software to take images and convert them to output in the form of scatter maps and graphs.
Results and discussion
Population density in each urban area, existing uses and the amount of demand of people in each urban area, car and pedestrian crossing infrastructure, and the shape and quality of streets in each urban area are the main factors determining the production of internal travel in the functional areas of that area. Are. The population density in the city of Kerman is about 46 people per hectare, which according to the current statistics of the country is about one half of the average density of Iranian cities (100) people per hectare. Although the population density of Kerman is low, but in different parts of the city is not uniform and has a high dispersion, so that residential areas in the old part of the city (central area of Kerman) are almost uninhabited, while developed areas and New residential areas around the city, some of which are located a few kilometers from the city center, have a high population density.
Conclusion
Among the traffic areas in the central area of Kerman, traffic areas 42 and 20 located in area one of Kerman city, which both include the historical context and the city market area, have the highest number of households and resident employees. Among the traffic areas in the central area of Kerman, the highest number of households belongs to the traffic area 42 with 1641 people and the lowest belongs to the traffic area 7 with 329 people. Areas 6, 7, 8, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 42 in the central part of Kerman attract more business trips than their neighboring areas and also a considerable volume of business trips in Kerman have been attracted to these areas. Traffic areas 6, 7, 8, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 42 have a significant amount of lack of parking in Kerman.

منابع و مأخذ:

References

 

• Babaghibi, A. (2016). Futurology; A New Approach in Comprehensive Urban Transportation Management, Traffic Management Studies Quarterly, Fifth Year, No. 16: 12-19. [In Persian].


• Bayramzadeh, N., & Fari, M. (2019). The effect of land use planning on traffic with a sustainable development approach; Traffic Management Studies Quarterly; Issue 52. [In Persian]


• Bertaud, A. (2001). Metropolis :A Measure of the Spatial Organization of 7 Large Cities.


• Bongardt, D., Schaltenberg, P.(2001). Transport in green economy, Transportgiz.de, United Kingdom.


• Cashin, R.D., Liu, P. Chen, J. (2007). Deploying the Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS) Technologiesin Los Angeles: A summary and analysis", journal of Advanced Transportation, 36(1): 107-129. doi:1016/S1570-6672(07)60036-1


• Chen, W., Chengcheng, Xu.,& Pengguang, F. (2020). Effects of traffic enforcement cameras on macro-level traffic safety: A spatial modeling analysis considering interactions with roadway and Land use characteristics, Accident Analysis and Prevention 144 (2020) 105659, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2020.105659.


• Cheng, J., JanTurkstra, M., Peng, Du., & Peter H.(2018). Urban land administration and planning in China: Opportunities and constraints of spatial data models, Land Use Policy 23, 604–616. DOI:10.1016/j.landusepol.2005.05.010.


• Comprehensive studies of transportation and traffic in Kerman. (2011). Estimation of travel demand in accordance with planning, Kerman Deputy Minister of Transportation and Traffic. 47-56. [In Persian]


• Emami, M.(2013). Tehran, Time and Culture, B.Sc. Thesis in Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran. No. 17: 21-33. [In Persian]


• Farahmandpour, S,. Maryam, G. (2012). Application of ICT in reducing the demand for urban travel, the first regional conference of Malayer Civil Engineering, No. 15, pp. 1-7. [In Persian]


• N.,J, (2018). Toward integrated land use and transport modeling: evaluating accuracy of the four the step transport model the case of Istanbul, Turkey. Aster thesis. https://doi.purl.utwente.nl/essays/90760.


• GhaderiMotlagh, A. (2016). Thoughts on rethinking the field of urban transportation with a look at the practice and performance of other countries, Information, Education and Research Monthly, No. 36: 15-18. [In Persian]


• Gharib,.F. (1997). Communication Network in City Design, University of Tehran Press, Second Edition, Tehran, No. 13: 15-20. [In Persian]


• Gholami Bimargh, Y,. Hosseini, S,A,. Shaterian, M,. Mohammadi, A,. & DehghanJazi, A. (2019). Evaluation of the effects of urban land use in creating traffic volume for their spatial organization and redistribution, Case study: Kashan central texture; Journal of Geographical Information (Sepehr); Volume 28. [In Persian]


• Ghorbani,R., Jafari, F., Maboudi, MohammadTaghi. (2014). An Attitude on New Patterns of Urban Planning, Forouzeh Publications, No. 4 (11): 28-36. [In Persian]


• HajNasrollahi, Kourosh. (2013). Investigation of traffic issues and problems in Tehran, Traffic Improvement Newsletter, No. 12: 7-15. [In Persian]


• HatamiNejad, Hussein., Ashrafi, M.(2018). Bicycle and its role in sustainable urban transport. Case study: Bonab city, Human Geography Research, No. 70: 8-17. [In Persian]


• Heinen, E., Maat, K., Wee, B. (2016). The role of attitudes toward characteristics of bicycle commuting on the choice to cycle to work over various distances. Transportation Research Part D 16, PP 102–109. DOI:10.1016/j.trd.2010.08.010


• Henry, L., & Litman, T.A. (2011). Evaluating new start transit program performance, comparing rail and bus”, Victoria Transport Policy Institute, June, pp. 1-22. http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec177.pdf.


• Intikhab, a. (2007). urban transport and sustainable transport strategies , a case study of Karachi Pakistan, tsighua science and technology vol.12, no.3 , Management, Vol 14, 86-93.


• Kazem, A,S., Yaser, N. (2017). The study of the effects of urban land uses on the transportation network in the GIS environment, a case study of Mashhad. Master Thesis, Supervisor, Roozbeh Shad, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. [In Persian]


• Manoj,a., Ashish, V.(2013). Activity based travel demand models as a tool for evaluating sustainable transportation policies, Research in Transportation Economics 38, pp 45-66. DOI: 10.1016/j.retrec.2012.05.010.


• Marshall, S.(2017). the potential contribution of land use policies toward sustainable mobility toward activation of travel reductio mechanisms.vol.13,pp.63-79. https://doi.org/10.1080/135116100111667


• Marta, R., Alan, R,d.S., Christine, Tessele, H., Beatriz,B. C., & Luis, A. (2020). A new zone system to analyze the spatial relationships between the built environment and traffic safety, Journal of Transport Geography, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2020.102699.


• Mirzaei, M. (2011). Sustainable Urban Transportation System Development Analysis, Case Study, Isfahan, Master Thesis, Urban Planning, Urban and Regional Planning Trend, Isfahan University of Arts, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Department of Urban Planning, No. 21, 14-19 . [In Persian]


• Mitchell, r., & chester, r. (2016)urban trafic: a function of land use. Columbia university press, new york. https://doi.org/10.2307/2573023


• Momeni Azad, T. (2016). Land use planning in the urban transportation network: A case study of the four regions of Kerman. Master Thesis, Supervisor, Hossein Ghazanfarpour, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. [In Persian]


• Momeni, M. (2011). New Topics in Operations Research, Tehran, First Edition. [In Persian]


• Otto, S. (2017). The psychology of transport choice, Institute for Ecological Economic Research (IOW), March, pp. 1-4. DOI:10.1080/01441640902943453


• Jafari, M., Rasafi, I.(2013). Evaluation of Sustainable Development Policies in Urban Transportation Sector Using Dynamic System Models; Case Study: Mashhad, Bi-Quarterly Journal of Urban Management, No. 31: 15-23. [In Persian]


• Rashidifard, N,. KeramatiAsl, R., Jamshidi, R. (2011). Strategies to deal with urban traffic challenges, the first national conference on traffic: safety and its executive strategies, Kerman Municipality, pp. 18-19. [In Persian]


• Richardson, h.(2017). Are compact cities a desirable goal? .american planning association journal, 63(1), pp. 95-106. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944369708975727


• Rodrigue, J-P., Claude, C., Brian, S. (2015). The Geography of Transport Systems, Routledge.N:14,pp 44-63. DOI:10.4324/9781315618159


• T., Dieleman, F., & dijst, M.(2001).Travel behavior in Dutch monocentric and polycentric urban systems, Journal ofTransport Geography 9, 173-186. DOI:10.1016/S0966-6923(01)00009-6


• Seidi,S.(2011).Land use analysis of Ilam city with emphasis on its transportation, Master Thesis, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, pp. 63-84. [In Persian]


• Shaw, s., xin, x. (2018). Integrated land use and transportation interaction: a temporal gis exploratory data analysis approach. Journal of trans port geography 11,pp.103–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-6923(02)00070-4


• Soltani, A., BohraniFard, Reza. (2017). Development of inner city roads and traffic congestion; Providing a solution or aggravation of the problem, solutions to deal with urban traffic challenges, the first national conference on traffic: safety and its executive solutions, Kerman, No. 4 (6): 11-19. [In Persian]


• Soltani, A., Saqapur, T., Izadi, H., & Pakshir, A. (2012). Production of city trips and the impact of land use diversity, a case study of four residential areas in Shiraz, urban and regional studies and research, Volume 3, Number 12: 10-17. [In Persian]


• Souche, S. (2017).Measuring the structural determinants of urban travel demand, Journal of Transport Policy, 17, 127– 134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2009.12.003


• Ziaee, Ali., Ismaili, Z. (2010). Development of inner city roads and traffic congestion; Presenting a solution or aggravation of the problem, solutions to deal with urban traffic challenges, the first national conference on safety: safety and its executive solutions, Kerman, Kerman Municipality, pp. 10-12. [In Persian]