طراحی و آزمون الگوی مناسب مسکن اجتماعی؛ مبتنی بر نظریه"حق به شهر" (مطالعه موردی شهر شیراز)

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری

پریسا فرشید فر ¹ (گروه شهرسازی، واحد بین المللی کیش، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، جزیره کیش، ایران.)
مجید رحیمی ² (گروه شهرسازی، واحد بین المللی کیش، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، جزیره کیش، ایران.)
نوید سعیدی رضوانی ³ (استادیار گروه مهندسی شهرسازی، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، قزوین، ایران.)

تاریخ دریافت : 1400/08/08 تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/10/04 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/09/01

کلید واژه: شیراز, حق به شهر, گروه های کم درآمد, مسکن اجتماعی,

چکیده مقاله :

مسکن جزء بنیادین ترین نیاز های انسان است اما نباید صرفا از لحاظ کالبدی و به عنوان سرپناهی برای بشر در نظر گرفته شود، این نیاز جایگاهی برای رشد انسان از ابعاد فیزیکی و روحی-روانی است، بنابراین مسکن پس از آنکه نیاز انسان برای پوشش را پاسخ گفت باید پاسخگوی نیاز وی به رشد و تعالی ارزش های انسانی و برقراری ارتباط موثر با جامعه اطراف خود باشد و در عرصه تعاملات اجتماعی هم نیاز های ساکنین را برطرف کند.به همین مظنور تامین مسکن مناسب و استاندارد برای اقشار کم درآمد جزو مهمترین بخش توسعه بخش مسکن در هر جامعه‌ای قلمداد می‌شود، و از قرن نوزدهم به بعد، بخش مسکن یکی از محورهای عمده مداخله دولت-ها در اقتصاد بوده است. خواستگاه چنین تفکری نظریه "حق به شهر" ، است که از میان جنبش های اعتراضی زاده شده است و برای اولین بار توسط جامعه شناس فرانسوی، هانری له فور در سال 1968 به کار گرفته شد و باوری است که شهرها را یک ساختار اجتماعی می دانست که تمام شهروندان نسبت به آن حق دارند.با وجود تلاش هایی در دهه های اخیر مبنی بر تحقق چنین هدفی سیاست هایی چون مسکن مهر در ایران انجام شده است اما نتوانسته در تامین مسکن قابل استطاعت برای اقشار کم درآمد موفق عمل کند.این مقاله می کوشد با مبنا قرار دادن شهر شیراز به عنوان نمونه مورد مطالعه جنبه های کلیدی مسکن اجتماعی را با رویکرد حق به شهر را به شکل مفهومی و تجربی مورد آزمون قرار داد.بنابراین جامعه آماری پژوهش افراد فرودست شهری و نیازمند به مسکن که تعداد نمونه گیری 74 نفر از آنها مورد پرسشگری قرار گرفته اند.روش پژوهش از نوع کمّی و ابزار جمع آوری داده ها از طریق پرسشنامه و برپایه مدل تحلیل معادلات ساختاری و از طریق نرم افزار Amos صورت گرفته است.نتایج پژوهش بیانگر آن است که حق مشارکت شهری،حق تخصیص فضا،دسترسی فضایی،حاکمیت شهری،شمول اجتماعی،تنوع و سرزندگی از مولفه های مناسب مسکن اجتماعی با رویکرد حق به شهر است که مولفه حاکمیت شهری با میزان 478/0 و مولفه شمول اجتماعی با میزان491/0 و مولفه تنوع و سرزندگی با میزان 543/0 بر مسکن اجتماعی تاثیر گذارند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Housing is one of the most basic human needs, but it should not be considered only physically and as a shelter for human beings. This need is a place for human growth in physical and mental dimensions, so housing after the human need for cover He replied that he should meet his need for the growth and excellence of human values and establish effective communication with the community around him, and in the field of social interactions, meet the needs of residents. The development of the housing sector is considered in every society, and since the nineteenth century, the housing sector has been one of the major axes of government intervention in the economy. The origin of such thinking is the theory of "right to the city", which was born from the protest movements and was first used by the French sociologist Henri Lefort in 1968 and is believed to consider cities as a social structure. Despite the efforts made in recent decades to achieve such a goal, policies such as Mehr Housing have been implemented in Iran, but it has not been able to provide affordable housing for the low-income groups. Based on the city of Shiraz as a study sample, he tried to test the key aspects of social housing with the right approach to the city in a conceptual and experimental way. Some of them have been interviewed. The research method is quantitative and data collection tools have been done through a questionnaire and based on structural equation analysis model and through Amos software. The results of the research indicate that the right to urban participation is the right. Space allocation, spatial access, urban governance, social inclusion, diversity and vitality are the main components of the model. He is suitable for social housing with the right approach to the city that the component of urban governance with a rate of 0.478, the component of social inclusion with a rate of 0.491 and the component of diversity and vitality with a rate of 0.543 affect social housing.

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