تخمین جریان زیرسطحی دامنه‌های حوضه آبخیز با استفاده از مدل‌های ناش و SCS

محورهای موضوعی : مقالات برگرفته از پایان نامه

حسین فریبرزی ¹ (گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد استهبان، استهبان، ایران)
تورج سبزواری ² (گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد استهبان، استهبان، ایران)
رضا محمدپور ³ (گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد استهبان، استهبان، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/07/20 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/08/04 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/08/01

کلید واژه: جریان زیرسطحی, SCS, NASH, حوضه آبخیز, باران ساز,

چکیده مقاله :

مقدمه: تخمین جریان زیرسطحی(SUF)  در بسیاری از حوضه­های آبریز با پوشش گیاهی مناسب و نفوذ پذیری خاک بالا حائز اهمیت است و نقش اساسی در تولید رواناب مستقیم حوضه دارد. مفهومSUF  در خاک در مقایسه با جریان سطحی هنوز پیچیده­تر است، لذا ارائه مدل­های پیش بینی SUF حوضه­ها با روش‌های ساده وکاربردی بسیار مورد توجه واقع می‌شود. روش­: در این پژوهش از مدل‌های بارندگی رواناب سطحی SCS و Nash برای تخمین جریان زیرسطحی دامنه‌های حوضه آبریز استفاده گردید. از معادلات هیدروگراف واحد دو مدل مزبور که تابعی از زمان پیمایش زیرسطحی و مقدار نفوذ می‌باشد، معادلاتی برای محاسبه زمان پیمایش زیرسطحی واقعی دامنه‌ها جهت استفاده مدل‌ها ارائه شد. یافته­ها: برای صحت سنجی از نتایج مدل آزمایشگاهی باران ساز با قابلیت اندازه گیری دبی جریان سطحی و زیرسطحی دامنه مورد استفاده قرارگرفت. متوسط خطای مدل SCS  نسبت به مدل آزمایشگاهی در تخمین پیک رواناب سطحی برابر 8/7 % و در تخمین جریان زیرسطحی 7/6% و متوسط خطای مدل Nash در تخمین پیک رواناب سطحی برابر21/11% و در تخمین جریان زیرسطحی 32/11% بوده است. تاثیر شیب و ضریب هدایت هیدرولیکی دامنه‌ها برروی هیدروگراف SUF توسط دو مدل نیز مورد ارزیابی قرارگرفت. نتیجه­گیری: مدل‌های بارندگی-رواناب سطحی نیز توانایی تخمین جریان زیرسطحی حوضه‌های آبریز را دارا هستند و تفاوت اساسی در مفهوم زمان پیمایش سطحی و زیرسطحی، بارش مازاد و شدت تغذیه به آبخوان است. مدل‌های سطحی براساس میزان بارش مازاد و زمان پیمایش سطحی به تخمین رواناب سطحی می‌پردازند، لذا از این قابلیت می‌توان برای تخمین جریان زیرسطحی بر اساس میزان نفوذ و زمان پیمایش زیرسطحی استفاده نمود.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Estimation of subsurface flow (SUF) is important in many catchments with good vegetation cover and high soil permeability and plays a major role in direct runoff. The concept of SUF in soil is still more complicated in comparison with surface flow, so providing predictive models for SUF basins with simple and practical methods are of interest to hydrologists. In this research, for the first time, surface rainfall-runoff models have been used to estimate the subsurface flow of the hillslopes. Two SCS and Nash models were used to estimate the subsurface of the catchments. In this paper, the unit hydrograph equations of the two models were considered as a function of the subsurface travel time and the amount of infiltration. Equations for calculating the actual SUF travel time were presented for use in models. To validate the results, results of rainfall simulator model were used to measure the surface and subsurface flow. The mean error in the surface runoff peak estimation was 7.8% and in the 6.7% subsurface runoff estimation by SCS model. In the meanwhile, the mean error in the peak runoff runoff estimation was 11.21% and in the subsurface runoff estimation was 11.32% in Nash method. The effect of slope and soil hydraulic conductivity on the SUF hydrograph were evaluated by two models.

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