تحلیل اثرگذاری سرمایه‌های توسعه‌ای بر تغییرات سطح توسعه پایدار سکونتگاه‌های روستایی (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان بجنورد)

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

علی‌اکبر عنابستانی ¹ (استاد گروه جغرافیای انسانی و آمایش، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.)
علی قربانی ² (دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.)

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/08/30 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/06/07 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/05/01

کلید واژه: سرمایه اجتماعی, توسعه پایدار روستایی, معادلات ساختاری, بجنورد, سرمایه‌های توسعه‌ای,

چکیده مقاله :

در دو دهه اخیر مفهوم سرمایه اجتماعی به‌واسطه ارتباطش با مؤلفه‌های بنیادین اجتماعی شامل آگاهی، مشارکت، اعتماد، انسجام و شبکه اجتماعی در راستای توسعه پایدار جوامع به‌ویژه جوامع روستایی مورد تأکید قرار گرفته است، علاوه بر سرمایة اجتماعی جوامع با سرمایه‌هایی همچون سرمایه های فیزیکی، اقتصادی، انسانی، طبیعی و نهادی نیز سر و کار داریم که با هم رابطه متقابل نیز دارند. لذا برای رسیدن به توسعه پایدار روستایی، برخورداری از این سرمایه‌های توسعه‌ای از ضروریات می‌باشد. هدف از انجام تحقیق حاضر ارزیابی درجه اثرگذاری سرمایه‌های توسعه‌ای در توسعه پایدار سکونتگاه‌های روستایی و تحلیل فضایی آن در شهرستان بجنورد است. پژوهش حاضر توصیفی - تحلیلی و نوع آن ازنظر هدف، بنیادی است. برای جمع‌آوری اطلاعات از روش‌های‌ اسنادی و میدانی استفاده شده است. جامعه نمونه 22 روستای بالای 20 خانوار در شهرستان بجنورد است و از مجموع 4849 خانوار ساکن در نقاط روستایی نمونه، با فرمول کوکران، حجم نمونه 298 خانوار محاسبه و این افراد با روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی انتخاب شدند. برای آزمون مدل مفهومی پژوهش و بررسی تأثیر سرمایه‌های توسعه‌ای بر توسعه پایدار سکونتگاه‌های روستایی، از تکنیک حداقل مربعات جزئی و نرم‌افزار Smart PLS استفاده گردید. با توجه به نتایج، ضرایب t بین متغیرهای اصلی پژوهش، بیش از 58/2 بوده یعنی رابطه معنادار و غیرمستقیم است؛ بدین ترتیب انواع سرمایه توسعه‌ای بر توسعه پایدار سکونتگاه‌های روستایی تأثیر مثبت و معناداری دارد و سرمایه اجتماعی با ضریب 0.443 بیشترین تأثیر مستقیم برتوسعه پایدار روستایی را داشته اما در کل، سرمایه اقتصادی با ضریب 918/0 بیشترین و سرمایه طبیعی با ضریب 147/0- کمترین تأثیر را بر توسعه پایدار سکونتگاه‌های روستایی دارد. و متغیر مستقل 93.1 درصد از واریانس متغیر توسعه پایدار روستایی را پیش‌بینی می کنند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

In the last two decades, the concept of social capital has been emphasized due to its relationship with basic social components including awareness, participation, trust, cohesion and social network for sustainable development of communities, especially rural communities. In addition to social capital We are also dealing with physical, economic, human, natural and institutional, which are also interrelated. Therefore, in order to achieve sustainable rural development, having these development investments is essential. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of development capital in the sustainable development of rural settlements and its spatial analysis in Bojnourd. The present research is descriptive-analytical and its type is fundamental in terms of purpose. Documentary and field methods have been used to collect information. The sample population is 22 villages with more than 20 households in Bojnourd city and from a total of 4849 households living in the sample rural areas, with Cochran's formula, the sample size of 298 households was calculated and these individuals were selected by random sampling method. To test the conceptual model of the research and to investigate the effect of development capital on the sustainable development of rural settlements, the partial least squares technique and Smart PLS software were used. According to the results, the coefficients of t between the main variables of the study are more than 2.58, ie the relationship is significant and indirect; Thus, types of development capital have a positive and significant effect on sustainable development of rural settlements and social capital with a coefficient of 0.443 has the most direct impact on sustainable rural development, but in general, economic capital with a coefficient of 0.918 has the highest and natural capital with a coefficient of -0/147 Has the least impact on the sustainable development of rural settlements. And the independent variable predicts 93.1% of the variance of the sustainable rural development variable.

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