پهنه‏ بندی فقر در مناطق روستایی ایران با تأکید بر فقر غذایی

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

سمیرا بهرامیان ¹ , آیت اله کرمی ²

1 - دانش‌آموخته دکترا توسعه کشاورزی، گروه مدیریت توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران.
2 - دانشیار گروه مدیریت توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1400/02/21 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/05/22 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/02/01

کلید واژه: مناطق روستایی, خط فقر, پهنه‏ بندی, فقر غذایی,

چکیده مقاله :

کاهش فقر و نابرابری از مهم‏ترین اهداف برنامه‏ریزان در جوامع مختلف جهان است به‏طوری‏که نخستین هدف از اهداف توسعه هزاره، ریشه‏کنی فقر شدید و گرسنگی است. با توجه به ضرورت و اهمیت بررسی فقر به ویژه فقر غذایی در استان‏های مختلف کشور از دیدگاه برنامه‏ریزی، این تحقیق با هدف پهنه‏بندی روند خط فقر و درصد فقر غذایی خانوارهای روستایی ایران طی سال‌های 1376 تا 1392 انجام شد. بر این اساس از داده‌های خام هزینه-درآمد خانوار مرکز آمار ایران استفاده شد. در این تحقیق مبنای سنجش میزان فقر، خط فقر مطلق بوده است که بر اساس نیاز به کالری برآورد شده است. به منظور پهنه‌بندی از تحلیل خوشه‌ای با استفاده از نرم افزار spss بهره گرفته شده است. یافته‌های مربوط به روند کمینه و بیشینه خط فقر نشان داد کمینه خط فقر یک روند نسبتاً ثابتی را طی کرده است در حالی که بیشینه خط فقر تا حدودی نوسان داشته است به‏طوری‏که سال‌های 1382، 1391 و 1392 بیشترین مقدار را داشته است. به‌طور کلی بر اساس نتایج میانگین درصد فقر کل سال‌های 1376 تا 1392 استان خراسان جنوبی کمترین و استان تهران بیشترین درصد فقر غذایی را داشته‌اند. افزون بر این، میانگین درصد فقر غذایی خانوارهای روستایی طی سال‌های 1376-1392 بین حدود 10 تا 70 درصد بوده است. در نهایت، نتایج تحلیل خوشه‌ای به منظور پهنه‏بندی استان‏های مشابه از نظر میانگین درصد فقر غذایی نشان داد سه استان اصفهان، مازندران و تهران بیشترین درصد فقر غذایی، هفت استان آذربایجان شرقی، هرمزگان، کهگیلویه و بویراحمد، فارس، گیلان و البرز و یزد درصد فقر نسبتاً بالا، 19 استان از نظر درصد فقر غذایی در حد متوسط و دو استان خراسان شمالی و خراسان جنوبی کمترین درصد فقر غذایی را داشته‏اند. بنابراین لازم است در برنامه‏ریزی برای کاهش فقر و ناامنی غذایی، جهت‏گیری‌های منطقه‌ای و جغرافیایی مد نظر قرار گرفته به ‏طوری‏که مناطق روستایی استان‏های با درصد فقر غذایی بالا مورد توجه بیشتری واقع شوند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Reducing poverty and inequality are among the most important goals of planners in different societies, such that the first goal of the Millennium Development Goals is to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger. Regarding the necessity and importance of studying poverty, especially food poverty, in various provinces of the country from the planning point of view, this paper aimed to zoning the poverty line and the percentage of food poverty of rural households in Iran from 1997 to 2013.. Based on this, raw data of household income-expenditure provided by Statistics Center of Iran was applied. In this study, the basis for measuring poverty was the absolute poverty line, which was estimated based on the need for calories. In order to zoning, cluster analysis was employed using SPSS software. Findings related to the trend of minimum and maximum poverty line showed that the minimum poverty line has undergone a relatively constant trend, while the maximum poverty line has fluctuated somewhat, such that the years 2003, 2012 and 2013 had the highest value. In general, based on the results of the average percentage of total poverty from 1997 to 2013, South Khorasan province had the lowest and Tehran province had the highest percentage of food poverty. In addition, the average percentage of food poverty of rural households during the years 1997-2013 has ranged approximately between 10 to 70%. Finally, the results of cluster analysis to zoning similar provinces in terms of average percentage of food poverty showed three provinces including Isfahan, Mazandaran and Tehran had the highest percentage of food poverty, seven provinces including East Azerbaijan, Hormozgan, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Fars, Gilan, Alborz and Yazd had relatively high percentage of food poverty, 19 provinces had moderate food poverty and the two provinces of North Khorasan and South Khorasan had the lowest percentage of food poverty. Therefore, planning to reduce poverty and food insecurity requires regional and geographical orientation so that the rural areas of the provinces with high percentage of food poverty be given more consideration.

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