تحلیل و رتبه بندی راهکارهای معیشتی مقابله روستائیان با اثرات خشکسالی مطالعه موردی: شهرستان زنجان

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

زهرا آربونی ¹ (دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنا‌مه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.)
بهروز محمدی یگانه ² (دانشیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.)
جمشید عینالی ³ (دانشیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.)
حسین فراهانی ⁴ (دانشیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.)
مهدی چراغی ⁵ (استادیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.)

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/10/06 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/03/03 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/10/01

کلید واژه: استان زنجان, توسعه روستایی, مخاطرات محیطی, تنوع معیشتی,

چکیده مقاله :

بلایای طبیعی غالبا با از بین بردن منایع معیشتی اساسی و جابه جائی افراد از محل کار ، معیشت مردم را مختل می کنند. خشکسالی به عنوان پرهزینه ترین و مخرب ترین مخاطرات طبیعی در اکثر مناطق جهان روی معیشت مردم تاثیر می گذارد.که در این میان خانوارهای ماطق روستایی به علت وابستگی نزدیکی که اقتصاد و معیشت ساکنان این مناطق با محیط طبیعی خود دارند به صورت مستقیم تحت تاثیر پیامدهای ناشی از این پدیده قرار گیرند و موجب افزایش آسیب پذیری آنها می گردد. در بسیاری از مناطق روستایی ، بقاء و یا بهبود زندگی مردم ، تنها با نکیه بر کشاورزی امکان پذیر نیست بلکه اتخاذ طیف وسیعی از راهکارهای معیشتی لازم است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف تحلیل و رتبه بندی راهکارهای معیشتی روستاییان در مقابله با خشکسالی با استفاده از روش رتبه بندی فریدمن، رتبه بندی ORESTEو آزمون کروسکال والیس پرداخته است . نتایج حاصل از آزمون فریدمن بیانگر ان است که تفاوت معناداری بین راهکارهای معیشتی در دهستان های منطقه مورد مطالعه وجود دارد . و در این میان راهکار انجام فعالیت های غیر از بخش کشاورزی با رتبه ( 83/8) و استفاده از فاضلاب صنعتی تصفیه شده جهت آبیاری زمین های زراعی و باغات با رتبه( 81/5) ، بالاترین و پائین ترین میانگین رتبه ای را به خود اختصاص داده اند. نتایج حاصل از مدل ORESTEنشان می دهد که روستاهای چایپاره پائین ، غنی بیگلو و قره پشتلو به ترتیب با رتبه های ( 3/626)، (871)و(4/889) به دلیل داشتن منابع آب ناپایدار مثل قنات و چشمه همچنین دارا بودن وضعیت مطلوب دارایی های مالی ، طبیعی و انسانی در به کار گیری راهکارهای معیشتی در رتبه بالاتری نسبت به دهستان های دیگر قرار دارند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Natural disasters often disrupt people's livelihoods by destroying basic livelihoods and displacing people from the workplace. Drought, as the most costly and destructive natural hazards in most parts of the world, affects people's livelihoods. Among them, rural households are directly affected by the consequences due to the close dependence of the economy and livelihood of the inhabitants of these areas with their natural environment. Caused by this phenomenon and increase their vulnerability. In many rural areas, the survival or improvement of people's lives is not only possible through agriculture, but also the adoption of a wide range of livelihood strategies. The aim of this study was to analyze and rank the livelihood strategies of villagers in response to drought using Friedman ranking method, ORESTE ranking and Kruskal-Wallis test. The results of Friedman test indicate that there is a significant difference between livelihood strategies in rural areas of the study area. In the meantime, the solution for carrying out activities other than the agricultural sector with a rank (8.83) and the use of treated industrial wastewater to irrigate agricultural lands and gardens with a rank (5.81), to the highest and lowest average rank to Have dedicated themselves. The results of ORESTE model show that the villages of Chaypareh Pa'in, Ghani Bigloo and Qara Pashtloo with ranks (626.3), (871) and (889.4) respectively due to having unstable water sources such as aqueducts and springs also have The favorable situation of financial, natural and human assets in the application of livelihood strategies are in a higher rank than other rural areas.

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