واکاوی اثرات خوشه های صنعتی بر توسعه منطقه‌ای مورد پژوهی: خوشه های صنعتی سنگ منطقه کلانشهر اصفهان

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

محمد حسین شریف زادگان ¹ (استاد گروه شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران)
همایون نورائی ² (استادیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/06/16 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/11/30 تاریخ انتشار : 1395/11/01

کلید واژه: توسعه منطقه‌ای, خوشه‌های صنعتی, صنعت سنگ, کلانشهر اصفهان,

چکیده مقاله :

      علی­رغم شکل­گیری بزرگ­ترین منطقه تولید و فرآوری سنگ کشور در منطقه کلانشهری اصفهان در دهه­های اخیر (شامل چهار خوشه محمودآباد، نجف­آباد، دولت­آباد و خمینی­شهر) و وجود بحث­های شفاهی و غیرمستند گسترده درباره تأثیرات منطقه­ای آنها، کمتر بررسی دقیقی درباره این خوشه­ها به ویژه در ارتباط با نقش آنها در توسعه منطقه­ای اصفهان صورت پذیرفته است. با عنایت به این خلاء مطالعاتی در این مقاله هدف آن است تا میزان شدت اثرات خوشه های صنعتی سنگ منطقه کلانشهری اصفهان بر توسعه منطقه­ای و میزان مطلوبیت آن مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گیرد. در این راستا از پارادایم روش­شناسی مختلط در این مقاله بهره گرفته شده است؛ ضمن اینکه برای جمع­آوری داده­ها از روش کتابخانه­ای و میدانی (از نوع پرسشنامه­ای) استفاده گردیده و برای این منظور با توجه به ویژگی­های جامعه هدف، روش نمونه­گیری چند مرحله­ای (مرحله نخست روش نمونه­گیری تصادفی طبقه­بندی­شده برای تعیین حجم نمونه و روش نمونه­گیری سیستماتیک برای مشخص نمودن واحدهای مورد نمونه­گیری) انتخاب و بر این مبنا به 223 عدد از بنگاه­های خوشه­های صنعتی منتخب از بین 1115 بنگاه موجود در آن، مراجعه شده است. در ادامه نیز از فن تحلیل عاملی تأییدی مرتبه دوم (به عنوان یکی از فنون مدل­سازی معادلات ساختاری) برای فهم میزان شدت تأثیرگذاری و از تکنیک تبدیل مقیاس خطی برای درک میزان مطلوبیت تأثیرگذاری خوشه­های صنعتی در توسعه منطقه­ای بهره گرفته شده است. نتایج به دست آمده حاکی از آن است که علی­رغم وجود پتانسیل تأثیرگذاری خوشه­های صنعتی منتخب بر توسعه منطقه کلانشهری اصفهان، این خوشه­ها در زمینه­های مختلف اقتصادی، اجتماعی و کالبدی هنوز دارای تأثیرگذاری بسیار مطلوب نبوده و این تأثیرگذاری در حد متوسط مانده است که این قضیه به همراه این مورد که برخلاف تصور خوشه­های مذکور بیشتر در توسعه اجتماعی منطقه تأثیرگذار بوده تا در توسعه اقتصادی و نیز اینکه خوشه ها بیش­تر بر مبنای ارتباطات درونی خود بنگاه­ها، جلوگیری از مهاجرت مدیران و سرمایه های فیزیکی به توسعه منطقه­ای کمک نموده است. بر مبنای ارتباطات برونی بنگاه­ها، جلوگیری از مهاجرت کارکنان و سرمایه انسانی، نهایتاً می­تواند منجر به این نتیجه شود که خوشه­های صنعتی سنگ منطقه کلانشهری اصفهان هنوز در مرحله جنینی توسعه می­باشد و از ویژگی های خوشه­های صنعتی به صورت نظری و آرمانی که تاثیرگذاری مطلوب و با شدت زیادی را برای منطقه دربرگیرنده خود ایجاد می­نماید، فاصله دارند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Despite the formation of the largest production and processing of stone in the Isfahan metropolitan region in recent decades (including: Mahmmoudabad, Najafabad, Dolatabad, and Khomeinishahr industrial clusters), less detailed studies have been done about clustering, especially in relation to their role in the regional development of industrial areas. This study attempts to cover this gap by cluster analysis of the stone industrial of Isfahan metropolitan region impact on regional development in term of its intensity and desirability. A Mixed research paradigm (involving the mixed case study in quantitative and qualitative research methods) has been used. In this way, at first, the literature about “industrial clusters” and “the role of industrial clusters on the regional development” were reviewed to determin indexes. The second stage, the questionnaire was provided based on selected measures and multi stage sampling method (stratified random sampling for determiantion of sampling population and systematic sampling methods for sampling frame). Then, 223 persons who work in the selected industrial were selected among 1115 workers base on the clustering sample in order to complete the questionnaire and collect data. The third stage, the obtained data were entered into the SPSS software in which confirmatory factor analysis and linear scaling transformation technique were used for measuring selected clusters in term of its intensity and desirability, respectively. The results show that despite the potential influence of Mahmmoudabad, Najafabad, Dolatabad, and Khomeinishahr stone industrial clusters on the Isfahan metropolitan development in term of its intensity, the selected industrial clusters have not still a very desirable economic, social and physical impacts. Also, clusters have more impact on social regional development, internal relation of firm improvement, preventing management migration and increasing physical capital in comparison with to economic regional development, external relation of firm improvement, preventing staff migration and increasing human capital. Thus, stone industrial clusters in the Isfahan metropolitan region are stil in the embryonic stage of development and they are far from the theoretical industrial clusters which have high-intensity and desirable impact for their regions.

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