ارزیابی توسعه پایدارزیست محیطی در روستاهای شالیکار نمونه موردی : سکونتگاههای روستایی شهرستان نکاء

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

ریحانه سلطانی مقدس ¹ (استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران)
الهه انزایی ² (دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/08/30 تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/08/27 تاریخ انتشار : 1397/11/01

کلید واژه: توسعه پایدار, برنج, کشاورزی, توسعه پایدارزیست محیطی, نکاء,

چکیده مقاله :

 محیط زیست از مباحث اصلی توسعۀ پایدار است که نقش مؤثری در گسترش فعالیت‌های اقتصادی در سکونتگاه‌های روستایی دارد. سکونتگاه‌های روستایی در حال حاضر به دلیل فعالیت‌های کشاورزی تنگناهای زیست محیطی قابل توجهی را تجربه می‌کنند. با توجه به اینکه محصول اصلی شمال کشور برنج است، حفاظت زیست‌محیطی و توجه به منابع آب و خاک در پایداری اقتصاد و جمعیت روستاهای شالیکار نقش بسزایی دارد. این پژوهش به بررسی تأثیرات کشت برنج بر توسعۀ پایدار زیست‌محیطی پرداخته است. جامعۀ آماری مورد مطالعه، شالیکاران روستاهای شهرستان نکاء استان مازندران هستند که براساس فرمول کوکران تعداد 262 خانوار نمونه انتخاب شدند. براساس یافته‌های میدانی، محصول برنج با توسعۀ پایدار زیست‌محیطی همبستگی مثبت دارد که برابر با 981/0 است. همچنین براساس نتایج ارزیابی مدل پایداری پرسکات- آلن، وضعیت زیست‌محیطی کشاورزی در روستاهای مورد مطالعه با امتیاز 351/0 در سطح پایداری ضعیف قرار دارد؛ به‌صورتی‌که براساس یافته‌های میدانی، گویه‌های حفظ تنوع ژنتیکی و استفادۀ صحیح از مواد شیمیایی و سمی در سطح پایداری ضعیف و گویه‌های حفاظت و بهره‌برداری از آب شیرین، بهره‌برداری پایدار از منابع خاک، نحوۀ عمل دربارۀ مسائل زباله‌ها و فاضلاب‌ها در سطح پایداری متوسط قرار دارند. در این راستا گسترش فعالیت‌های ترویجی در زمینۀ حفظ منابع آب و خاک و تشویق روستاییان بر به‌کارگیری کشاورزی ارگانیک، عدم به‌کارگیری کود و سم و اتخاذ راهکارهای جلوگیری از فرسایش خاک در پایداری زیست‌محیطی سکونتگاه‌های روستایی می‌تواند تأثیرگذار باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The environment is one of the most important issues in the world. Since the majority of villagers are farmers that cultivate rice, so paying more attention to the agricultural sector and attracting young people to this important economic sector, providing the survival of rural population will ultimately lead to sustainable rural development.The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of rice cultivation on the sustainable development of agricultural ecosystem in villages of the case study region. The statistical population of this study was rice cultivators in the villages of Neka county in Mazandaran province. The family size was selected based on Cochran formula that 262 samples were selected. The research method is descriptive and analytical one with practical nature.The results of the data based on the field method indicated the correlation between the environmental development of the studied villages and the amount of rice crop cultivation equal to 0.981 which is positive, Which shows that there is a positive correlation between rice and environmental development of the studied villages. Also, the highest correlation coefficient between sustainable environmental development and the role of rice is presented in the atrab of the estakhrposht. Also using Tapsis method, the villages of khorshid and Shit were affected more, and the villages of Kalabestan and Chalou Pul were affected the least. Based on the results, the environmental status of agriculture in the studied villages with a score of 0.351 is at a low level of sustainability.

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