Diagnostic Assessment and Remedial Instruction in Improving L2 learners’ Writing Ability
محورهای موضوعی : نشریه تخصصی زبان، فرهنگ، و ترجمه (دوفصلنامه)Zohre Jarrahzade 1 , Kobra Tavassoli 2 , Fateme Nikmard 3
1 - English Translation and Teaching Department, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
2 - English Translation and Teaching Department, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
3 - English Translation and Teaching Department, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
کلید واژه: Diagnostic assessment, Feedback, L2 learners, Remedial instruction, Writing ability,
چکیده مقاله :
This mixed-methods research was carried out to investigate the impact of diagnostic assessment and remedial instruction to improve second/foreign language (L2) learners’ writing ability and to shed light on their perceptions towards these techniques. For this purpose, after administering the Oxford Quick Placement Test (OQPT), 60 lower-intermediate L2 learners were selected and randomly assigned into an experimental and a control group. The groups took the writing pretest and then participated in writing classes. However, only the experimental group received the diagnostic assessment and remedial instruction on their writing. At the end, both groups took the writing posttest. The researchers also developed a checklist with 20 yes/no items. They asked the participants to respond to the items based on their experience of dealing with diagnostic assessment and remedial instruction. Moreover, seven experimental group participants participated in a semi-structured interview to identify their perceptions of diagnostic assessment and remedial instruction. The results of a repeated-measures two-way ANOVA revealed the considerable outperformance of the experimental group. Furthermore, the analysis of the L2 learners’ responses to the checklist and interviews indicated that they had positive perceptions of using diagnostic assessment and remedial instruction in improving L2 learners’ writing ability.
This mixed-methods research was carried out to investigate the impact of diagnostic assessment and remedial instruction to improve second/foreign language (L2) learners’ writing ability and to shed light on their perceptions towards these techniques. For this purpose, after administering the Oxford Quick Placement Test (OQPT), 60 lower-intermediate L2 learners were selected and randomly assigned into an experimental and a control group. The groups took the writing pretest and then participated in writing classes. However, only the experimental group received the diagnostic assessment and remedial instruction on their writing. At the end, both groups took the writing posttest. The researchers also developed a checklist with 20 yes/no items. They asked the participants to respond to the items based on their experience of dealing with diagnostic assessment and remedial instruction. Moreover, seven experimental group participants participated in a semi-structured interview to identify their perceptions of diagnostic assessment and remedial instruction. The results of a repeated-measures two-way ANOVA revealed the considerable outperformance of the experimental group. Furthermore, the analysis of the L2 learners’ responses to the checklist and interviews indicated that they had positive perceptions of using diagnostic assessment and remedial instruction in improving L2 learners’ writing ability.
Alderson, J. C., Brunfaut, T., & Harding, L. (2015). Towards a theory of diagnosis in second and foreign language assessment: Insights from professional practice across diverse fields. Applied Linguistics, 36(2), 236-260. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amt046.
Alderson, J. C., Haapakangas, E. L., Huhta, A., Nieminen, L., & Ullakonoja, R. (2014). The diagnosis of reading in a second or foreign language. Routledge.
Alderson, J. C., & Huhta, A. (2011). Can research into the diagnostic testing of reading in a second or foreign language contribute to SLA research? EUROSLA yearbook, 11(1), 30-52. https://doi.org/10.1075/eurosla.11.04ald.
Ardin, M. (2018). The effect of diagnostic assessment vs. dynamic assessment on EFL learners’ performance on descriptive and narrative writing [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Karaj Islamic Azad University.
Bae, J., & Bachman, L. F. (2010). An investigation of four writing traits and two tasks across two languages. Language Testing, 27(2), 213-234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265532209349470.
Best, J. W., & Kahn, J. V. (2013). Research in Education: Pearson New International Edition. Pearson Higher Ed.
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach (5th ed.). SAGE
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative inquiry and research design (4th ed.). SAGE.
Denzin, N. K. (2017). Children and their caretakers: Restructuring American education. Routledge.
Doe, C. (2015). Student interpretations of diagnostic feedback. Language Assessment Quarterly, 12(1), 110-135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15434303.2014.1002925.
Fan, T., Song, J., & Guan, Z. (2021). Integrating diagnostic assessment into the curriculum: A theoretical framework and teaching practices. Language Testing in Asia, 11(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40468-020-00117-y.
Finkelstein, S., Sharma, U., & Furlonger, B. (2021). The inclusive practices of classroom teachers: A scoping review and thematic analysis. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 25(6), 735-762.
Ganga, E. C., Mazzariello, A. N., & Edgecombe, N. D. (2018). Developmental education: An introduction for policymakers. Community College Research Center, Teachers College, Columbia University.
Granfeldt, J., & Ågren, M. (2014). SLA developmental stages and teachers’ assessment of written French: Exploring direct profile as a diagnostic assessment tool. Language Testing, 31(3), 285-305.
Glaziou, P., Sismanidis, C., Zignol, M., & Floyd, K. (2016). Methods used by WHO to estimate the global burden of TB disease. Global TB Program, World Health Organization.
Harding, L., Alderson, J. C., & Brunfaut, T. (2015). Diagnostic assessment of reading and listening in a second or foreign language: Elaborating on diagnostic principles. Language Testing, 32(3), 317-336. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265532214564505.
Hinton, P. R., McMurray, I., & Brownlow, C. (2014). SPSS explained. Routledge.
Hu, D., & Liu, J. (2017). Widening participation in higher education: Preparatory education program for students from ethnic minority backgrounds. In M. Shah & G. Whiteford (Eds.), Bridges, pathways, and transitions (pp. 127-140). Elsevier.
Huba, M. E., & Freed, J. E. (2000). Learner-centered assessment on college campuses: Shifting the focus from teaching to learning. Allyn and Bacon.
Jang, E. E., & Wagner, M. (2013). Diagnostic feedback in the classroom. In A. J. Kunnan (Ed.), The companion to language assessment: Approaches and development (Vol II; pp. 157-175). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Kim, A. Y. (2015). Exploring ways to provide diagnostic feedback with an ESL placement test: Cognitive diagnostic assessment of L2 reading ability. Language Testing, 32(2), 227-258. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265532214558457.
Lee, Y. W. (2015). Diagnosing diagnostic language assessment. Language Testing, 32(3), 299-316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265532214565387.
Muijs, D. (2010). Doing quantitative research in education with SPSS. Sage Publications Ltd.
Nicol, D. J., & Macfarlane‐Dick, D. (2006). Formative assessment and self‐regulated learning: A model and seven principles of good feedback practice. Studies in Higher Education, 31(2), 199-218. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075070600572090.
Oxford Quick Placement Test (OQPT) (2004, version 2). Oxford University Press.
Pellegrino, J. W., Chudowsky, N., & Glaser, R. (2001). Knowing what students know: The science and design of educational assessment. National Academy Press.
Pourdana, N. (2022). Impacts of computer-assisted diagnostic assessment on sustainability of L2 learners’ collaborative writing improvement and their engagement modes. Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 7(1), 1-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40862-022-00139-4.
Rafi, F., Pourdana, N., & Ghaemi, F. (2022). Computer-mediated diagnostic assessment of mixed-ability EFL learners' performance on tiered tasks: Differentiating mediation on Google Meet TM. Journal of Modern Research in English Language Studies, 9(2), 1-26. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.26765357.2022.9.2.1.8.
Rafi, F., & Pourdana, N. (2023). E-diagnostic assessment of collaborative and individual oral tiered task performance in differentiated second language instruction framework. Lang Test Asia 13, 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40468-023-00223-7
Sahragard, R. & Mallahi, O. (2014). Relationship between Iranian EFL learners' language learning styles, writing proficiency, and self-assessment. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 98(1), 1611-1620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.03.585.
Wang, Q., & Li, L. (2019). Integrating teaching-learning-assessment in the EFL classroom in the context of developing key competencies: significance, theories, and methods. Curriculum, Teaching Material, and Method, 39(5), 114-120. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40468-022-00195-0.
William, D. (2013). Assessment: The bridge between teaching and learning. Voices from the Middle, 21(2), 15-20.
Yi, Y. S. (2017). Probing the relative importance of different attributes in L2 reading and listening comprehension items: An application of cognitive diagnostic models. Language Testing, 34(3), 337-355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265532216646141.