اثر پیش تیمار بذر با عناصر کم مصرف بر سرعت جوانه زنی، ویگور گیاهچه و عملکرد گل همیشه بهار
محورهای موضوعی :
بهرام میرشکاری
1
(دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز، تبریز، ایران)
کلید واژه: پرایمینگ بذر, بهبود تغذیه, درصد جوانه زنی نهایی, محلول های غذایی,
چکیده مقاله :
یکی از این روش های ساده و کم هزینه برای بهبود تغذیه و جوانه زنی و رشد اولیه گیاهان، پرایمینگ غذایی بذر است. به منظور ارزیابی تاثیر تیمار بذر با روی و منگنز بر جوانه زنی و عملکرد گل همیشه بهار آزمایشی اجرا شد. تیمارهای مورد مطالعه شامل پرایمینگ بذر با غلظت های 5/0%، 1%، 5/1% و 2% ZnSO4, H2O (Zn 35%, S 12%) و MnSO4, 3H2O (Mn 26%, S 15%) همراه با Zn1%+Mn1%، Zn1.5%+Mn1% و شاهد بود. متوسط درصد جوانه زنی نهایی بذرهای تیمار شده با روی و منگنز به تنهایی به ترتیب حدود 79% و 5/79% بودند. 71% درصد بذور شاهد نیز مرحله جوانه زنی را تکمیل کردند. افزایش در غلظت Zn وMn در محلول موجب محدود شدن شاخص قدرت گیاهچه شد. بیشترین عملکرد گل از تیمارهای حاوی 1% سولفات روی + 1% سولفات منگنز، 5/1% سولفات منگنز، 5/1% سولفات روی + 1% سولفات منگنز و 5/1% و 2% سولفات روی حاصل شد. بین دو تیمار ترکیبی از نظر عملکرد اسانس روغنی اختلاف معنی دار به وجود آمد و تیمار 5/1% سولفات روی + 1% سولفات منگنز با کاهشی حدود 03/0 میلی لیتر در متر مربع در مقدار اسانس در کلاس آماری پایین تری نسبت به دیگر تیمار ترکیبی قرار گرفت. عکس العمل عملکرد اسانس روغنی به تیمار بذر با Zn و Mn مثبت و معنی دار بود و تمام تیمارهای مورد مطالعه به جز غلظت های 5/0% از هر کدام از عناصر کم مصرف عملکرد اسانس بالاتری نسبت به شاهد داشتند. تیمار بذر در شرایط مزرعه با محلول های غذاییZn و Mn می تواند به عنوان روشی برای بهبود عملکرد اسانس همیشه بهار توصیه شود.
Seed nutrient priming is a simple and low cost method for nutrition, germination and primary growth improvement of crops. In order to evaluate the effect of seed priming on germination and flower yield of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.), an experiment was conducted in Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch in 2011. Treatments were seed priming with zinc and manganese at concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%, Zn- 1%+Mn1%, Zn1.5%+Mn1% and a control. Mean final germination percentage of seeds treated with zinc and manganese alone was 79% and 79.5%, respectively, while in control only 71% of seeds completed the germination process. Increasing of zinc and manganese concentrations resulted in lower seedling vigor index. Flower yield in treatments of ZnSO41%+MnSO41%, MnSO41.5%, ZnSO41.5%+MnSO41%, ZnSO41.5% and ZnSO42% produced higher flower yield, respectively. Two combined treatments were significantly different in essential oil yield, and essence yield in Zn1.5%+Mn1% was 0.03 ml. ha-1 lower than Zn1%+Mn1%. Response of essential oil yield to the studied treatments was positive and significant and all treatments produced higher yield in comparison to the control, exept 0.5%Zn and 0.5% Mn. In conclusion, seed priming with zinc and manganese solutions could be recommended as a method for improving marigold essential oil yield in field condition.
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