امکان سنجی صمغ گیری و خنثی سازی روغن خام ذرت با استفاده از غشای پلی وینیلیدین فلوئوراید
محورهای موضوعی : تکنولوژی روغنمریم رشیدیان 1 , مریم قراچورلو 2 , منوچهر بهمئی 3 , مهرداد قوامی 4 , حسین میرسعید قاضی 5
1 - گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی- واحد علوم و تحقیقات- دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی- تهران- ایران
2 - گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی- واحد علوم و تحقیقات- دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی- تهران- ایران
3 - گروه شیمی-دانشکده شیمی- واحد تهران شمال- دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی- تهران- ایران
4 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران
5 - پاکدشت- پردیس ابوریحان دانشگاه تهران - گروه فناوری صنایع غذایی
کلید واژه: اسیدیته, تراوه, تصفیه, روغن ذرت, غشاء,
چکیده مقاله :
مقدمه: روش های مرسوم روغن کشی از دانه های روغنی در سراسر جهان، منجر به مصرف بالای انرژی، بازیابی حلال، مصرف زیاد آب و مواد شیمیایی می گردد و علاوه بر کاهش کیفیت روغن استحصال شده، هزینه فرایند را نیز بالا می برد. در این پژوهش استفاده از غشای پلی وینیلیدین فلوئوراید در فرایندهای صمغ زدایی و خنثی سازی روغن خام ذرت حین تصفیه مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. مواد و روش ها: میسلای روغن خام ذرت با استفاده از حلال هگزان به نسبت های20:80 و 30:70 تهیه و تحت شرایط مختلف عملیاتی از درون غشا عبور داده شد. متغیر های این تحقیق: اختلاف فشار در سطوح 2، 3 و 4 بار، دما در 40،30 و 50 درجه سانتیگراد و سرعت جریان در سطوح 5/0 و 1 متر بر ثانیه بود. تیمارها در 3 تکرار انجام شد. پارامترهای کارایی فرآیند غشای دو مرحله ای، شامل شار جریان تراوه و گرفتگی غشایی بررسی شدند. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد برای هر دو میسلا، با گذشت زمان، شار تراوه به تدریج کاهش یافته و به حالت پایا رسید. بررسی اثر توام دما و فشار بر میزان شار تراوه در مرحله خنثی سازی نیز نشان داد که در میسلای با نسبت 20:80، بیشترین شار مربوط به دمای 0 C 50، فشار bar 2 و سرعت جریان m/s 0/1 می باشد. اثر توام دما و فشار بر میزان شار تراوه در مرحله خنثی سازی در میسلای با نسبت 30:70 نیز نشان داد که بیشترین شار مربوط به دمای 0 C 40، فشار bar 2 و سرعت جریان m/s 0/1 می باشد. نتیجه گیری: نتایج آزمون های فیزیکوشیمیایی نشان داد روش تصفیه غشایی قادر است به خوبی روش تصفیه کلاسیک، ناخالصی-های روغن ذرت مانند فسفولیپیدها، اسیدهای چرب آزاد، اندیس پراکسید و رنگ را کاهش دهد که این امر، مزایایی همچون کارایی بالاتر، مصرف انرژی و مواد شیمیایی کمتر و حفاظت بیشتر از محیط زیست را در پی دارد.
Introduction: Conventional methods of extracting oil from oilseeds all over the world lead to high energy consumption, solvent recovery, high consumption of water and chemicals, etc., which in addition to reducing the quality of the extracted oil, also increases the cost of the process. Therefore current research, has evaluated the efficiency of the microfiltration system made of polyvinylidene fluoride membrane in degumming and neutralization of crude corn oil. Materials and Methods: Crude corn oil miscellas were prepared using hexane solvent with 20:80 and 30:70 ratios and passed through the membrane under different operating conditions. The variables include three levels of pressure (2, 3 and 4 bar), three levels of temperature (30, 40, and 50 degrees of centigrade) and two levels of flow rate: (0.5 and 1.0 m/s). All treatments were done in 3 replicates. Then, the performance parameters of the two-stage membrane process (MF), including permeate flux, membrane resistances, and fouling were investigated. Results: The results showed that for both micella, the flux gradually decreased with the passage of time and reached to a stable state. Surveying the simultaneous effect of temperature, pressure and flow rate through the neutralization process for 20:80 micella, revealed that the highest flux corresponds to 50 0C, 2 bar, 1.0 m/s. The simultaneous effect of temperature, pressure and flow rate through the neutralization process for 30:70 micella, also revealed that the highest flux corresponds to 40 0C, 3 bar, and 1.0 m/s. Conclusion: The results of the physicochemical tests showed that the membrane refining method is able to reduce corn oil impurities such as phospholipids, free fatty acids, peroxide value and color as well as the classical refining method, which possesses advantages such as higher efficiency, lower energy and chemical consumption and more protection of the environment.
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