اهمیت مواد معدنی در تغذیه گونه‌های پرورشی اصلی صنعت میگو (مقاله مروری)
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زیست شناسی جانوری
مسلم شریفی نیا
1
(پژوهشکده میگوی کشور، موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، بوشهر، ایران)
کلید واژه: ریز مغذی, مواد معدنی, میگو, آبزی پروری, پرورش متراکم,
چکیده مقاله :
وجود مواد معدنی در غذای آبزیان به علت نقش حیاتی آنها در فعالیت های بدنی ضروری می باشد. میگوهای خانواده پنائیده آبزیان ارزشمندی هستند که به صورت گسترده در آب‌های گرمسیری و نیمه گرمسیری زندگی می کنند و بیش از نیمی از تولید ناخالص میگو در جهان را به خود اختصاص می دهند. هدف از مطالعه پیش رو بررسی دانش و اطلاعات موجود در زمینه تغذیه معدنی در میگوهای خانواده پنائیده می باشد. همچنین مطالعه حاضر به بررسی چگونگی تاثیر محیط آبی و چرخه زندگی میگو بر نیازها و نقش مواد معدنی در سلامت میگو خواهد پرداخت. علاوه بر موارد ذکر شده در این بررسی روش‌های تامین مواد معدنی میگوها از طریق آب یا خوراک و یا استفاده از مکمل های معدنی در جیره غذایی مورد بحث قرار گرفته‌اند. نتایج بررسی مطالعات مختلف نشان داد که برآورد نیاز رژیم غذایی برای اکثر مواد معدنی در گونه های اصلی پرورش میگو (Penaeus vannamei، Penaeus monodon و Penaeus japonicus) گسترده است و برخی از مواد معدنی ضروری مورد مطالعه قرار نگرفته اند. به علاوه، در زمینه الزامات مواد معدنی مهم مانند آهن، منگنز، سلنیوم و روی و همچنین سایر مواد معدنی کمیاب برای گونه های غالب میگوی پرورشی، اطلاعات جامع و کافی وجود ندارد و حتی در برخی موارد اصلا اطلاعاتی موجود نمی باشد. به عنوان مثال الزامات درشت مغذی منیزیم در مورد گونه P. monodon هنوز تایید نشده است. بطور کلی می توان نتیجه گیری کرد که دانش بیشتری برای شناخت نیازهای معدنی در مراحل مختلف زندگی میگوهای پرورشی، از جمله مراحل بحرانی پوست اندازی مورد نیاز است.
چکیده انگلیسی:
The presence of minerals in aquatic food is necessary due to their vital role in physical activities. Shrimps of the Panaeid family are valuable aquatic animals that live widely in tropical and subtropical waters and account for more than half of the world's gross shrimp production. The purpose of the upcoming study is to investigate the knowledge and information available in the field of mineral nutrition in shrimps of the Panaideh family. Also, the present study will examine how the aquatic environment and the life cycle of shrimp affect the needs and role of minerals in the health of shrimp. In addition to the cases mentioned in this review, the methods of supplying minerals to shrimps through water or feed or the use of mineral supplements in the diet have been discussed. The results of various studies showed that the estimation of dietary requirements for most minerals in the main species of shrimp farming (Penaeus vannamei, Penaeus monodon and Penaeus japonicus) is wide and some essential minerals have not been studied. Moreover, currently there is no comprehensive and sufficient information on the requirements of important minerals such as iron, manganese, selenium and zinc as well as other rare minerals for predominant species of farmed shrimp and even in some cases there is no information at all. For example, the magnesium requirements of P. monodon have not yet been confirmed. In general, it can be concluded that more knowledge is needed to understand the mineral needs in different life stages of farmed shrimp, including the critical stages of molting..
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