Pomological Attributes and Chemical Composition of Cultivars and Wild Genotypes of Pistachios (Pistacia vera L.) in Iran
محورهای موضوعی : PistachioMohammad Aref Pourian 1 , Davood Bakhshi 2 , Hossein Hokmabadi 3 , Ali Aalami 4
1 - Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
2 - Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
3 - Department of Horticulture, Education and Extension Institute, AREEO, Tehran, Iran
4 - Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
کلید واژه: Nutrition, Pistacia vera, Oil content, pistachio nut, Nut attributes,
چکیده مقاله :
The study was conducted to evaluate the pomological attributes and chemical composition of 35 pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) genotypes, including fifteen wild-types and twenty of the important cultivar pistachios from Iran. The results revealed that cultivar pistachios in terms of important characters such as the split nuts (78.57%), blank nuts (6.96%), 100-nuts weight (118.86 g), and size (20.84 mm) were superior to wild cultivars. Higher percentages of thesplitnutswere observed for ‘Akbari’ genotype (92.81%), and the lowest rate of blank nuts was observed in ‘Fandoghi 48’ (2.84%). Pistachio kernel is rich in nutrients which is almost the same in wild and cultivar genotypes. The mean N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Na, Fe, Zn and Mn values of the pistachio kernels studied were 3.39%, 0.52%, 0.88%, 0.14%, 0.27%, 0.08%, 33.20 μg g-1, 22.40 μg g-1 and 7.38 μgg-1, respectively. The ranges of protein and oil content were 13.70-23.63% and 45.81-55.49%, respectively. According to the results, there was a considerable difference in physical and pomological properties among wild and cultivar pistachio nuts, while there was less difference in oil content and nutrition quality between them.
Abdoshahi A, Mortazavi S, Shabani A, Elhamirad A, Taheri M (2011) Evaluation of protein, fat and fatty acids content of the pistachio (pistacia vera L.) cultivars of Damghan, Iran. International Journal of Nuts and Related Sciences. 2, 15-24.
AL-Saghir MG (2010) Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Pistacia L.(Anacardiaceae) based on morphological data. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences. 9(1), 28-35.
Aliakbarkhani ST, Akbari M, Hassankhah A, Talaie A, Moghadam MF (2015) Phenotypic and genotypic variation in Iranian pistachios. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. 13, 235-241.
AOAC (1990) Methods of the association of official analytical chemists, Vol. II. 15th ed. Method No. 920.85. Method No. 920.85. AOAC, Arlington, Virginia, USA.
Atatashafrooz R, Khoshru SMR, Tajabadipour A (2015) Study of the diversity in different cultivars of Pistacia vera L. resistant to drought and salinity: Comparing protein patterns using SDS-PAGE method. Journal of Nuts. 6, 47-55.
Behboodi B (2005) Ecological distribution study of wild pistachios for selection of rootstock. Paper presented at the XIII GREMPA Meeting on Almonds and Pistachios, Zaragoza, CIHEAM.
Bellomo MG, Fallico B, Muratore G (2009) Stability of pigments and oil in pistachio kernels during storage. International Journal of Food Science & Technology. 44, 2358-2364.
Bompard JM (2009) Taxonomy and systematics. CABI, Wallingford, pp. 19-41.
Boualem SA, Benabdeli K, Elouissi A (2015) Biochemical and biometrics characterization of five varieties of Pistacia vera L. grown in Maoussa experimental station (northwest of Algeria). Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research. 7, 1120-1130.
Bullo M, Juanola-Falgarona M, Hernandez-Alonso P, Salas-Salvado J (2015) Nutrition attributes and health effects of pistachio nuts. The British journal of nutrition. 113 Suppl 2, S79-93.
Catalán L, Alvarez-Ortí M, Pardo-Giménez A, Gómez R, Rabadán A, Pardo JE (2017) Pistachio oil: A review on its chemical composition, extraction systems, and uses. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology. 119, 1600126.
Crane JC, 1978. Pistachio tree nuts, Westport: Avipublishing Company.
De Souza RGM, Schincaglia RM, Pimentel GD, Mota JF (2017) Nuts and Human Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 9, 1311-1333.
Estefan G, Sommer R, Ryan J (2013) Methods of Soil, Plant, and Water Analysis: A Manual for the West Asia and North. International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Area (ICARDA), Beirut, Lebanon.
Ford-Lloyd B (2012) Wild Crop Relatives. Genomic and Breeding Resources. Legume Crops and Forages Springer Heidelberg, Dordracht, London, New York.
FOSS (2003) The determination of nitrogen according to Kjeldahl using block digestion and steam distillation. Höganäs, Sweden: Foss Application Note AN 300., 1-12.
Galedar MN, Tabatabaeefar A, Jafari A, Sharifi A, Mohtasebi S, Fadaei H (2010) Moisture dependent geometric and mechanical properties of wild pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) nut and kernel. International Journal of Food Properties. 13, 1323-1338.
Ghrab M, Zribi F, Ayadi M, Elloumi O, Mnafki N, Mimoun MB (2010) Lipid characterization of local pistachio germoplasm in central and southern Tunisia. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 23, 605-612.
Greenfield H, Southgate DA (2003) Food composition data: production, management, and use, second ed. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
Harmankaya M, Özcan MM, AL Juhaimi F (2014) Mineral contents and proximate composition of Pistacia vera kernels. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 186, 4217-4221.
Kashaninejad M, Tabil LG (2011) Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.), In: Yahia, E.M. (Ed.), Postharvest Biology and Technology of Tropical and Subtropical Fruits. Woodhead Publishing, pp. 218-247e.
Khadivi A, Esmaeili A, Mardani N (2018) Genetic diversity of cultivated pistachio as revealed by microsatellite molecular markers. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment. 32, 602-609.
Khanazarov AA, Chernova GM, Rakhmonov AM, Nikolyi LV, Ablaeva E, Zaurov DE, Molnar TJ, Eisenman SW, Funk CR (2009) Genetic resources of Pistacia vera L. in Central Asia. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. 56, 429-443.
Kodad O, Estopañán G, Juan T, Alonso JM, Espiau MT, Socias i Company R (2014) Oil content, fatty acid composition and tocopherol concentration in the Spanish almond genebank collection. Scientia Horticulturae. 177, 99-107.
Kodad O, Socias i Company R (2008) Variability of oil content and of major fatty acid composition in Almond (Prunus amygdalus Batsch) and its relationship with kernel Quality. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 56, 4096-4101.
Kola O, Hayoğlu İ, Türkoğlu H, Parıldı E, Ak BE, Akkaya MR (2018) Physical and chemical properties of some pistachio varieties (Pistacia vera L.) and oils grown under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions in Turkey. Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods. 10, 383-388.
Mahmoodabadi SK, Panahi B, Agharahimi J, Salajegheh F (2012) Determination of compounds existing in fruits of three pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars in Kerman province. Journal of Biological and Environmental Sciences. 6, 81-86.
Mozaffarian V (2005) Trees and shrubs of Iran. Tehran: Farhang Moaser.
Rabadán A, Álvarez-Ortí M, Gómez R, Pardo-Giménez A, Pardo JE (2018) Characterization of pistachio oils and defatted flours regarding cultivar and geographic origin. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 71, 56-64.
Rabadán A, Álvarez-Ortí M, Pardo JE (2019) A comparison of the effect of genotype and weather conditions on the nutritional composition of most important commercial nuts. Scientia Horticulturae. 244, 218-224.
Rabadán A, Pardo JE, Gómez R, Alvarruiz A, Álvarez-Ortí M (2017) Usefulness of physical parameters for pistachio cultivar differentiation. Scientia Horticulturae. 222, 7-11.
Rezaei M, Hokmabadi H, Khadivi A, Safari-Khuzani A, Heidari P (2019) The selection of superior pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) genotypes among seedling trees originated from open-pollination. Scientia Horticulturae. 251, 88-100.
Sheibani A, Ghaziaskar HS (2008) Pressurized fluid extraction of pistachio oil using a modified supercritical fluid extractor and factorial design for optimization. LWT-Food Science and Technology. 41, 1472-1477.
Tsantili E, Takidelli C, Christopoulos MV, Lambrinea E, Rouskas D, Roussos PA (2010) Physical, compositional and sensory differences in nuts among pistachio (Pistachia vera L.) varieties. Scientia Horticulturae. 125, 562-568.
Zhu Y, Taylor C, Sommer K, Wilkinson K, Wirthensohn M (2015) Influence of deficit irrigation strategies on fatty acid and tocopherol concentration of almond (Prunus dulcis). Food Chemistry. 173, 821-826.
