Comparing Explicit Oral and Written Corrective Feedback to Boost Learners’ Grammar
محورهای موضوعی : نشریه زبان و ترجمهJafar Izadpanah 1 , فیروز صدیقی 2 , Leila Akbarpour 3
1 - Department of English Language, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
2 - دپارتمان زبان انگلیسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی (وتحد شیراز) ، شیراز، ایران
3 - Department of English Language, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran
کلید واژه: attitudes, grammar, Oral feedback, written feedback, correction,
چکیده مقاله :
This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of explicit oral and explicit written corrective feedback on Iranian EFL learners’ correction of grammatical structures and their attitudes towards C.F.. For this to achieve, the performance of the learners as a result of two types of feedback, namely, Explicit Oral Feedback (EOF) and Explicit Written Feedback (EWF) in the form of metalinguistic feedback (error code and explanation), was studied. Sixty homogeneous Iranian EFL female high school students were randomly assigned to oral and written experimental groups. Afterwards, a grammar test was administered to see the effect of the two types of corrective feedback. The statistical techniques employed to measure such effects were a series of independent paired samples t-tests to analyze the data. The results indicated a significant impact of EOF and EWF groups on correcting grammatical structures, although the EOF outperformed the EWF group.Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with five randomly selected students from each experimental group to check their attitudes about the corrective feedback they had received. The students considered EOF more beneficial than EWF.Implications of using these kinds of feedback in EFL classes and avenues for further research are discussed.
این پژوهش بر روی زبان آموزان ایرانی برای مشخص کردن تاثیر بازخورد صریح شفاهی و کتبی در تصحیح ساختارهای دستوری و نگرش آنها نسبت به بازخورد های مذکور انجام شد. برای این منظور، عملکرد زبان آموزان در واکنش به دو نوع بازخورد، یعنی بازخورد صریح شفاهی و بازخورد صریح نوشتاری در قالب بازخورد فرا زبانی (کد نویسی و توضیح برای اشتباهات دستوری)، مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. شصت دانش آموز دختر دبیرستانی همگن به طور تصادفی به دو گروه آزمایش شفاهی و کتبی تقسیم شدند و سپس یک آزمون دستور برای پی بردن به تاثیر دو نوع بازخورد از دانش آموزان گرفته شد. برای اندزه گیری چنین تاثیراتی یک سری از آزمون های t مستقل به عنوان تکنیک های آماری برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها بکار گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که هر کدام از این دو نوع بازخورد تاثیر قابل توجهی در تصحیح ساختارهای دستوری و کاهش اشتباهات دستوری داشته اند، اگر چه بازخورد صریح شفاهی تاثیر قابل ملاحضه تری نسبت به بازخورد صریح کتبی داشته است. مصاحبه های نیمه ساختارمند نیز با انتخاب پنج دانش آموز از هر گروه آزمایش به طور تصادفی برای یافتن نظر آنها در مورد بازخورد صریح شفاهی و کتبی انجام شد. دانش آموزان بازخورد صریح شفاهی را مفید تر و موثر تر از بازخورد صریح کتبی تشخیص دادند. بکارگیری این نوع بازخوردها در کلاسهای آموزش زبان انگلیسی جهت تقویت مهارت های زبان انگلیسی موثر خواهد بود و همچنین در این پژوهش پیشنهادات بیشتری راجع به بررسی بازخوردها داده شده است.
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