Microfinance Paths and Economic Empowerment of Women Borrowers: Evidence from Iran
محورهای موضوعی : Education and training
مرضیه فراشی
1
(
دانشآموخته کارشناسی ارشد توسعه روستایی، گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان
)
مهدی رحیمیان
2
(
دانشیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان
)
سعید غلامرضایی
3
(
دانشیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان
)
کلید واژه: Women, empowerment, Small Business, Microfinance,
چکیده مقاله :
The relationship between women's empowerment and microfinance has been studied in many countries, including Iran. But, few studies have examined the impact of women's microfinance consumption path on their empowerment. Therefore, this study aims to answer the important question of what effect the path of microcredit consumption has on women's empowerment. Given the importance of the type of loan used in women’s economic empowerment, 13 ways of spending by women were identified. These routes can be divided into three general paths: (1) starting a small business, (2) indirectly investing with the possibility of return, and (3) spending the loan without the possibility of its return. The main question was how much women are empowered if they choose each of these paths. The statistical population consisted of 800 women in Nahavand Township. The sample size was determined to be 260 people according to Krejcie and Morgan’s table taken by the stratified sampling technique with the proportional assignment. The questionnaire's reliability and validity were confirmed by computing Cronbach's alpha coefficient (more than 0.7) and content validity, respectively. Data were analyzed by SPSS20 software. The results showed that women in the first path became more empowered than the other two groups. The other two paths did not make a significant difference in the empowerment level although the second path slightly outperformed the third path in empowering the women. Credit-paying institutions must exercise greater control over how women use their credit by fundamentally reviewing payment laws.
ارتباط بین توانمند سازی زنان و اعتبارات خرد در بسیاری از کشورها از جمله ایران مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. اما مطالعات کمی تأثیر مسیر مصرف مالی خرد در توانمندسازی زنان را بررسی کرده اند. بنابراین ، هدف از این مطالعه پاسخ به این سوال مهم است که مسیر مصرف اعتبار خرد چه تاثیری در توانمندسازی زنان دارد. در این تحقیق 13 مصرف اعتبار توسط زنان مشخص شد. این مسیرها را می توان به سه مسیر کلی تقسیم کرد: (1) راه اندازی یک شغل خرد (2) سرمایه گذاری وام بصورت غیرمستقیم با امکان بازگشت وام (3) مصرف وام بدون امکان بازگشت. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل 800 نفر از زنان در شهرستان نهاوند بود که از اعتبارات خرد استفاده کرده‌اند. حجم نمونه بر اساس جدول کرجسی و مورگان 260 نفر تعیین و نمونه‌گیری به صورت طبقه‌ای با انتساب متناسب انجام شد. پایایی و روایی پرسشنامه، به ترتیب با استفاده از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ (بیشتر از 7/0) و روش اعتبار محتوایی مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها با نرم افزار SPSS20 انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که زنان در مسیر اول از دو گروه دیگر توانمندی بیشتری دارند. مصرف وام در مسیر سوم، اگرچه زنان را بیشتر از مسیر سوم توانمند خواهد کرد اما نتایج مقایسه میانگین، میانگین توانمندی اقتصادی گروه دوم و سوم تفاوت معناداری با هم ندارند. بنابراین ضروری است که موسسات پرداخت کننده اعتبارات خرد با بررسی اساسی قوانین پرداخت این گونه اعتبارات، کنترل بیشتری بر نحوه استفاده زنان از اعتبار خود اعمال کنند.
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