سنجش میزان سرمایه اجتماعی و اثرگذاری آن در ارتقاء فرصتهای اقتصادی کارآفرینی گردشگری (مطالعه موردی: روستاهای محور سلطانیه- غارکتلهخور)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی روستایی و عشایریثریا رفیعی 1 , رحمت الله منشی زاده 2 , پگاه مریدسادات 3
1 - دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، گروه جغرافیای انسانی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشیار گروه جغرافیای انسانی و آمایش، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران، تهران، ایران
3 - استادیار گروه جغرافیای انسانی و آمایش، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: سرمایه اجتماعی, کارآفرینی گردشگری, مدل رتبه بندی پرومتی,
چکیده مقاله :
مقدمه: سرمایه اجتماعی به عنوان یکی از مهمترین عوامل تاثیرگذار بر کارآفرینی گردشگری میباشد که وجود آن بخصوص در مناطق روستایی میتواند اثرات زیادی را بر افزایش مشاغل و کسب و کارهای مرتبط با گردشگری داشته باشد.
هدف پژوهش: بنابراین هدف پژوهش حاضر سنجش میزان سرمایه اجتماعی و اثرگذاری آن در ارتقاء فرصتهای اقتصادی کارآفرینی گردشگری در 11 روستای واقع در محور ارتباطی سلطانیه به غار کتلهخور میباشد.
روششناسی تحقیق: نوع تحقیق کاربردی، روش مورد استفاده توصیفی- تحلیلی و جهت گردآوری دادهها از روشهای اسنادی و میدانی بهره گرفته شده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش جمعیت روستایی ساکن در 11 روستای واقع در محور ارتباطی سلطانیه به کتلهخور میباشد که مطابق فرمول کوکران تعداد 322 نفر به عنوان نمونه در نظر گرفته شده است. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها از روشهای آماری نظیر tتک نمونهای، رگرسیون، مدل رتبهبندی پرومتی و تحلیل مسیر بهره گرفته شده است.
قلمرو جغرافیایی پژوهش: روستاهای مورد مطالعه در شهرستان خدابنده استان زنجان واقع شدهاند که این شهرستان در جنوب غرب استان قرار دارد که کوهستانیترین و مرتفعترین منطقه این استان میباشد. همچنین این شهرستان بیشترین جمعیت روستایی استان را به خود اختصاص داده است.
یافتهها: نتایج حاصل از تحقیق نشان داد که میزان شاخصهای سرمایه اجتماعی در روستاهای مورد مطالعه بالاتر از مطلوبیت عددی (3) به دست آمده است و در این ارتباط شاخص مشارکت با میانگین 47/3 بالاترین امتیاز را به خود اختصاص داده است. نتایج حاصل از رگرسیون هم نشان از ضریب همبستگی خوب بین متغیرهاست و شاخص شبکه با بتای (365/0) درصد بالاترین اثرگذاری را بر فرصتهای اقتصادی کارآفرینی گردشگری داشته است. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از تحلیل مسیر، مشارکت با محاسبه تاثیر کلی (مستقیم و غیرمستقیم) بیشترین تاثیر را بر فرصتهای اقتصادی کارآفرینی گردشگری داشته است. همچنین نتایج حاصل از مدل رتبهبندی پرومتی نشان داد که روستای زواجر به لحاظ سرمایه اجتماعی رتبه اول و روستای دلایرسفلی رتبه آخر را به دست آورده است.
نتایج: بر اساس یافتههای حاصل از پژوهش، مولفههای سرمایه اجتماعی میتوانند موجب ارتقاء فرصتهای اقتصادی کارآفرینی گردشگری در منطقه مورد مطالعه شوند.
Introduction: Social capital is one of the most important factors affecting tourism entrepreneurship, the existence of which, especially in rural areas, can have many effects on increasing jobs and businesses related to tourism.
Research Aim: Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the amount of social capital and its effectiveness in promoting the economic opportunities of tourism entrepreneurship in 11 villages located in the axis of communication between Soltanieh and Katlekhor Cave.
Methodology: The type of applied research is the descriptive-analytical method used and documentary and field methods have been used to collect data. The statistical population of the study is the rural population living in 11 villages located in the axis of communication between Soltanieh and Katlekhor, which according to Cochran's formula, 322 people are considered as a sample. Statistical methods such as one-sample t-test, regression, Prometheus ranking model and path analysis were used to analyze the data.
Studied Area: The studied villages are located in Khodabandeh city of Zanjan province, which is located in the southwest of the province, which is the most mountainous and highest region of this province. Also, this city has the largest rural population in the province.
Results: The results of the study showed that the amount of social capital indicators in the studied villages is higher than the numerical desirability (3) and in this regard, the participation index with an average of 3.47 has the highest score. The results of regression also show a good correlation coefficient between variables and the network index with beta (0.365) percent had the highest impact on the economic opportunities of tourism entrepreneurship. Based on the results of path analysis, participation has the greatest impact on the economic opportunities of tourism entrepreneurship by calculating the overall impact (direct and indirect). Also, the results of the Promethean ranking model showed that the village of Zavajer is ranked first in terms of social capital and the village of Dalairsafli is ranked last.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, the components of social capital can improve the economic opportunities of tourism entrepreneurship in the study area.
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