The Effect of in ovo Supplementation of Nano Zinc Oxide Particles on Hatchability and Post-Hatch Immune System of Broiler Chicken
محورهای موضوعی : Camelآ. بیریا 1 , ب. نویدشاد 2 , ف. میرزایی آقجه قشلاق 3 , س. نیک بین 4
1 - Department of Animal Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
4 - Department of Animal Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
کلید واژه: performance, Broiler, antibody titer, immune system, hatchability, <i>in ovo</i> injection, nanoparti-cles of zinc,
چکیده مقاله :
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of in ovo injection of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the hatchability, production performance and immune responses of broilers. A total of 192 fertile eggs obtained from a Ross 308 broiler breeder flock were used. The eggs were divided into 4 experimental groups including a positive control group with normal saline injection, and injection of 50, 75 and 100 ppm nano-ZnO on the first day of incubation period in the air cell and were placed in the incubator. The hatched chicks were allocated to a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replicates for a 42-day experiment. In ovo injection of nano-ZnO increased hatchability of eggs compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The daily feed intake during the starter phase significantly increased in the birds in 50 and 75 ppm nano-ZnO groups (p < 0.05). At the grower phase in rearing period the growth rate and feed intake of all the nano-ZnO injected groups were higher than the control group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the feed conversion ratio between different treatment groups (P>0.05). The results of antibody titer against the influenza virus at 10 days of age did not differ between the experimental treatments (P>0.05). The heterophil, lymphocytes, monocytes and hematocrit number in the blood of broiler chickens at 10 days of age did not show any significant difference (P>0.05). The results of the present study suggest that in ovo injection of nano ZnO particles had positive effects on early embryo mortality rate, total white blood cells, however the performance traits of the hatched chicks were not significantly affected through in ovo injection of nano ZnO particles.
هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثرات تزریق درون تخم مرغی نانوذرات اکسید روی بر قابلیت جوجه درآوری، عملکرد تولیدی و پاسخهای ایمنی جوجههای گوشتی بود. از 192 تخم بارور تهیه شده از گله مرغ مادر گوشتی راس 308 استفاده شد. تخمها به چهار گروه آزمایشی شامل یک گروه کنترل مثبت با تزریق سرم نمکی نرمال و تزریق 50، 75 و 100 ppm نانوذرات اکسید روی در روز اول دوره جوجهکشی در سلول هوایی تقسیم شده و در دستگاه جوجهکشی قرار گرفتند. جوجههای هچ شده در قالب یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تیمار و چهار تکرار برای یک آزمایش 42 روزه مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. تزریق درون تخم مرغی نانو ZnO باعث افزایش قابلیت جوجه درآوری تخمها نسبت به گروه کنترل شد (0.05>P). مصرف خوراک روزانه در مرحله آغازین به طور قابل توجهی در پرندگان در گروههای 50 و 75 ppm nano-ZnO افزایش یافت (0.05>P). در مرحله رشد در دوره پرورش، نرخ رشد و خوراک مصرفی همه گروههای تزریقشده با نانو اکسید روی بالاتر از گروه شاهد بود (0.05>P). تفاوت معنیداری در ضریب تبدیل خوراک بین گروههای مختلف مشاهده نشد (0.05<P). نتایج تیتر آنتیبادی علیه ویروس آنفلوانزا در سن 10 روزگی تفاوتی بین تیمارهای آزمایشی نشان نداد (0.05<P). شمارش هتروفیل، لنفوسیتها، مونوسیتها و هماتوکریت در خون جوجههای گوشتی در 10 روزگی اختلاف معنیداری نشان نداد (0.05<P). نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان میدهد که تزریق درون تخم مرغی نانو ذرات ZnO اثرات مثبتی بر میزان مرگ و میر اولیه جنین و کل سلولهای سفید خون داشت، اما عملکرد تولیدی جوجه های تفریخ شده به طور معنیداری تحت تأثیر تزریق درون تخم مرغی نانو ذرات روی قرار نگرفت.
Angel R. (2007). Metabolic disorders: Limitations to growth of and mineral deposition into the broiler skeleton after hatch and potential implications for leg problems. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 16, 138-149.
Aviagen. (2014). Ross 308: Broiler Nutrition Specification. Aviagen Ltd., Newbridge, United Kingdom.
Bakyaraj S., Bhanja S.K., Majumdar S. and Dash B. (2012). Modulation of post-hatch growth and immunity through in ovo supplemented nutrients in broiler chickens. J. Sci. Food Agric. 92, 313-320.
Bartlett J.R. and Smith M.O. (2003). Effects of different levels of zinc on the performance andimmunocompetence of broilers under heat stress. Poult. Sci. 82, 1580-1588.
Burrell A.L., Dozier W.A., Davis A.J., Compton M.M., Freeman M.E. and Vendrell P.F. (2004). Responses of broilers to dietary zinc concentrations and sources in relation to environmental implications. British Poult. Sci. 45, 225-263.
Cardoso A., Albuquerque R. and Tessari E. (2007). Humoral immunological response in broilers vaccinated against Newcastle disease and supplemented with dietary zinc and vitamin E. Brazilian J. Poult. Sci. 8, 2501-2509.
Davison T.F. (2003). The immunologists’ debt to the chicken. British Poult. Sci. 44, 6-21.
Emmert J.L. and Baker D.H. (1995). Zinc stores in chickens delay the onset of zinc deficiency symptoms. Poult. Sci. 74, 1011-1021.
Ensminger M.E., Oldfield J.E. and Heinemann W.W. (1990). Feeds and Nutrition. The Ensminger Publishing Company, Clovis, California, USA.
Ferket P.R. (2011). In ovo feeding and the promise of perinatal nutrition. Pp. 121-125 in Proc. Alltech Int. Nutr. Symp., Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
Hegazy S.M. and Adachi Y. (2000). Comparison of the effects of dietary selenium, zinc, and selenium and zinc supplementation on growth and immune response between chick groups that were inoculated with Salmonella and Aflatoxin or Salmonella. Poult. Sci. 79, 331-335.
Huang Y.L., Lu L., Luo X.G. and Liu B. (2007). An optimal dietary zinc level of broiler chicks fed a corn – soybean meal diet. Poult. Sci. 86, 2582-2589.
Joshua P., Valli C. and Balakrishnan V. (2016). Effect of in ovo supplementation of nano forms of zinc, copper, and selenium on post-hatch performance of broiler chicken, Vet. World. 9, 287-294.
Kidd M.T. (2003). A treatise on chicken dam nutrition that impacts progeny. World’s Poult. Sci. J. 59, 475-494.
Kucuk O., Sahin N. and Sahin K. (2003). Supplemental zinc and vitamin A can alleviate negative effects of heat stress in broiler chickens. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 94, 225-235.
Mahdavi R. and Ashraf Talesh S. (2017). Sol-gel synthesis, structural and enhanced photocatalytic performance of Al doped ZnO nanoparticles. Adv. Powder Technol. 28, 1418-1425.
NRC. (1994). Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 9th Rev. Ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC., USA.
Onderci M., Sahin N., Sahin K. and Kilic N. (2003). The antioxidant properties of chromium and zinc: In vivo effects on digestibility, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant vitamins and some minerals under a low ambient temperature. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 92, 139-150.
Oteiza P.L., Olin K.L., Fraga C.G. and Keen C.L. (1996). Oxidant defense systems in testes from Zn deficient rats. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 213, 85-91.
Pimental J.L., Cook M.E. and Greger J.L. (1991). Immune response of chicks fed various levels of zinc. Poult. Sci. 70, 947-954.
Prasad A.S. and Kucuk O. (2002). Zinc in cancer prevention. Canc. Metastasis Rev.21, 291-295.
Ribatti D. (2010). The Chick Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane in the Study of Angiogenesis. Springer Science and Business Media, Berlin, Germany.
Salmanzadeh M. (2012). The effects of in ovo injection of glucose on hatchability, hatching weight and subsequent performance of newly-hatched chicks. Brazilian Poult. Sci. 14(2), 137-140.
SAS Institute. (2002). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 9.1. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Selling W., Ahnefeld F.W., Dick W. and Fodor L. (1975). The biological significance of zinc. Anaesthesist. 24, 329-342.
Shankar A.H. and Prasad A.S. (1998). Zinc and immune function: The biological basis of altered resistance to infection. American J. Clin. Nutr. 68, 447-463.
Sunder G.S., Panda A.K., Gopinath N.C.S., Rao S.V.R., Raju M., Reddy M.R. and Kumar C.V. (2008). Effects of higher levels of zinc supplementation on performance, mineral availability, and immune competence in broiler chickens. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 17, 79-86.
Uni Z. and Ferket P.R. (2004). Methods for early nutrition and thljeir potential. World’s Poult. Sci. J. 60, 101-111.
Uni Z., Ferket P., Tako E. and Kedar O. (2005). In ovo feeding improves energy status of late term chicken embryos. Poult. Sci. 84, 764-770.
Van Campen D.R. and Scaife P.V. (1967). Zinc interference with copper absorption in rats. J. Nutr. 91, 473-476.
Walsh C.T., Sandstead H.H., Prasad A.S., Newberne P.M. and Fraker P.J. (1994). Zinc: Health effects and research priorities for the 1990S. Environ. Health Perspect. 102, 5-46.
Yair R. and Uni Z. (2011). Content and uptake of minerals in the yolk of broiler embryos during incubation and effect of nutrient enrichment. Poult. Sci. 90, 1523-1531.