Herbs and Herbal Supplements, a Novel Nutritional Approach in Animal Nutrition
محورهای موضوعی : Camel
1 - Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Koud, Sultanate, Oman
کلید واژه: production, growth, Animal nutrition, Milk, meat, digestion, herbal supplements,
چکیده مقاله :
Livestock are an integral part of the agriculture sector and encompass a great impact on the national economy. An eco-friendly alternative to enhance production, prevent and treat disease conditions of animal is a great challenge for animal nutritionists. Keeping farm animals healthy is necessary to obtain healthy animal products. The use of naturally occurring compounds like herbs, herbal preparations and other botanicals are preferred over chemical compounds for enhancement of overall animal health and to satisfy consumer concerns as well. As herbal feed additives may be used drug (finely divided dry medicinal herbal raw materials), herbal extracts or herbal isolate (e.g. essential oil). Herbal drug is a whole or cut up, dry (occasionally raw) part of a plant, algae, fungi or lichen which is used for its medicinal properties. Herbs enhance and add flavors in animal feed and can therefore influence eating patterns, secretion of digestive fluids and total feed intake. The primary site of activity is the digestive tract. Due to the wide variety of active components, different herbs and spices affect digestion processes differently. Herbs, spices and their mixtures are also recognized as anti-inflammatory agents, and also act as antioxidants. Several in-vitro experiments have proved certain plant extract exhibit strong antimicrobial activity against Gram− and Gram+ bacteria. Herbs and their preparation have an affirmative impact on feed intake, growth, meat, milkand egg production. They also have known to enhance the quality and stability of animal products.
دامهای اهلی یکی از مؤلفههای اساسی در بخش کشاورزی بوده و تأثیر مهمی بر اقتصاد ملی دارند. یکی از عوامل اقتصادی برای تقویت تولید، جلوگیری و درمان بیماریها در جانوران است که در عین حال چالشی بزرگ بر سر راه متخصصین تغذیه دام نیز محسوب میگردد. برای به دست آوردن تولیدات حیوانی سالم باید حیوانات مزرعهای نیز سالم نگهداری شوند. استفاده از ترکیبات طبیعی نظیر گیاهان دارویی، عصارههای آنها و سایر فرآوردههای گیاهی جهت تقویت سلامت حیوانات و کسب رضایتمندی مصرف کنندگان، در مقایسه با ترکیبات شیمیایی ارجحیت دارند. علاوه بر این افزودنیهای خوراکی گیاهان دارویی میتوانند به عنوان دارو (گیاهان دارویی خام خشک شده که کاملاً خرد و ریز شدهاند)، عصارههای گیاهی و جدایههای دارویی (نظیر روغنهای ضروری) مورد استفاده قرار گیرند. داروهای گیاهی شامل گیاه کامل یا شکل بریده و خشک شده بخشهایی از یک گیاه، جلبک، قارچ یا گلسنگ بوده که برای خصوصیات درمانیاش مورد استفاده قرار میگیرد. گیاهان دارویی سبب ایجاد یا تقویت طعمهایی در خوراک حیوانات میشوند و بنابراین میتوانند بر الگوهای خوردن، ترشح مایعات گوارشی و مصرف کل خوراک تأثیر بگذارند. نقطه اصلی فعالیت نیز دستگاه گوارش حیوان است. به دلیل وجود انواع مختلفی از ترکیبات فعال، گیاهان دارویی و ادویهجات مختلف، تأثیرات متفاوتی بر فرآیند هضم دارند. گیاهان دارویی، ادویهجات و مخلوطهای آنها اغلب به عنوان مواد ضد التهابی شناخته شده و نقش آنتی اکسیدانی نیز ایفا میکنند. چندین آزمایش برونتنی نشان دادهاند که عصارههای گیاهی معین فعالیت آنتی میکروبی قوی بر علیه باکتریهای گرم منفی و گرم مثبت دارند. گیاهان دارویی و فرآوردههای آنها تأثیر مثبتی بر مصرف خوراک، رشد و تولید گوشت، شیر و تخم مرغ دارند. علاوه بر این منجر به تقویت کیفیت و پایداری محصولات حیوانی نیز میشوند.
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