Effects of Thymol and Carvacrol on Productive Performance, Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Certain Blood Metabolites in Heat Stressed Broilers

محورهای موضوعی : Camel

ح. سعادت شاد ¹ (Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran)
م. مظهری ² (Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran)
ا.ع. اسماعیلی‪پور ³ (Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran)
ح. خسروی‪نیا ⁴ (Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran)

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/02/06 تاریخ پذیرش : 1394/03/25 تاریخ انتشار : 1394/12/11

کلید واژه: Stress, Essential Oil, lymphocyte, heterophil, Glutathione peroxidase,

چکیده مقاله :

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of thymol and carvacrol supplementation on performance, immune response, antioxidant enzyme activity and blood parameters of heat stressed broilers. Broilers were fed with commercial diet till 25 d of age, then they were allocated to a completely randomized design with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement with 6 treatments including 3 levels of carvacrol (0, 300 and 500 mg/kg of diet) and 2 levels of thymol (0 and 250 mg/kg of diet) in 4 replicates of 9 birds each. To induce heat stress, diurnal cyclic temperature at 35 ˚C for 8 h from 09:00 h to 17:00 h, were used from 26 day of age until the end of the experiment. Dietary carvacrol did not affect performance parameters of broilers but feeding 250 mg/kg thymol increased body weight gainand decreased feed conversion ratio by 6 and 4%, respectively (P<0.05). Red and white blood cells, hematocrit and hemoglobin were not influenced by treatments, but heterophile and heterophile to lymphocyte ratio decreased in the birds fed on thymol- and carvacrol- added diets (P<0.05). Carvacrol and thymol supplementation decreased (P<0.05) serum cholesterol level but had no effect on triglyceride, low and high density lipoproteins and glucose. Both thymoland carvacrol elevated(P<0.05) serum glutathione peroxidase activity compared to the control group. Carcass and breast percentage were increased (P<0.05) in the birds received thymol-added diet (P<0.05). No carvacrol and thymol effect were observed on relative weight of internal organs in broilers. It was concluded that dietary thymol at an inclusion rate of 250 mg/kg diet might positively modulate the negative effect of heat stress in broiler chickens through improved feed conversion ratio (FCR), increased water intake and antioxidative potential of blood tissue.

چکیده انگلیسی:

مطالعه حاضر به منظور بررسی اثر تیمول و کارواکرول بر عملکرد تولید، فعالیت آنزیم‪های آنتی‪اکسیدانی و متابولیت‪های خونی جوجه‪های گوشتی تحت تنش گرمایی طراحی شد. جوجه‪ها تا 25 روزگی با جیره استاندارد تجاری تغذیه شده و سپس به یک آزمایش فاکتوریل (2×3) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه سطح کارواکرول (0، 300 و500 میلی‌گرم در هرکیلوگرم خوراک) و دو سطح تیمول (0 و250 میلی‌گرم درهرکیلوگرم خوراک) در چهار تکرار نه پرنده‪ای اختصاص یافتند. جهت ایجاد تنش گرمایی، جوجه‌ها از 26 روزگی تحت دمای 35 درجه سانتی­گراد به مدت 8 ساعت در روز قرار گرفتند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که مصرف کارواکرول اثر معنی‪داری بر پارامترهای عملکردی نداشت، اما مصرف 250 میلی­گرم تیمول منجر به افزایش معنی‌دار وزن روزانه و کاهش معنی‌دار ضریب تبدیل غذایی به میزان 4 و 6 درصد شد (05/0>P). ­گلبول­های سفید، قرمز، هموگلوبین، هماتوکریت و لنفوسیت تحت تأثیر تیمارها قرار نگرفتند، اما هتروفیل و نسبت هتروفیل به لنفوسیت با مصرف تیمول و کارواکرول به طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت (05/0>P). مصرف تیمول و کارواکرول، کلسترول سرم خون را کاهش داد (05/0>P)، اما اثری بر تری‌گلیسرید و لیپوپروتئین‌های با چگالی کم و زیاد و گلوکز خون نداشت. هر دو مکمل تیمول و کارواکرول به طور معنی‌داری فعالیت آنزیم گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز را در مقایسه با گروه شاهد افزایش دادند (05/0>P). درصد لاشه و سینه با مکمل تیمول افزایش یافت (05/0>P)، اما اثری بر وزن نسبی اندام‪های داخلی مشاهده نشد. بنابراین مصرف 250 میلی­گرم تیمول می‌تواند از طریق بهبود عملکرد و پتانسیل آنتی‪اکسیدانی خون در جهت رفع اثرات منفی تحت تنش گرمایی مؤثر باشد.

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