Effect of Antibiotic Alternatives on Ileal Microflora and Intestinal Histomorphology of Broiler Chickens Fed Wheat Based Diet
محورهای موضوعی : Camel
ح. هاشمی پور
1
(Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran)
ح. کرمانشاهی
2
(Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran)
ا. گلیان
3
(Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran)
ا. راجی
4
(Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran)
کلید واژه: Morphology, Enzyme, Broiler, Carvacrol, Thymol, microflora,
چکیده مقاله :
An experiment was conducted to study the effects of enzyme and phytogenic product (thymol+carvacrol) on the ileal microbial population and jejuna and ileal histomorphology of broilers fed wheat based diet. The experiment was conducted as a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with 2 levels of enzyme endofeed W (0 and 0.05%) and 3 levels of next enhance 150® (0, 100 and 200 mg/kg). Each of the 6 dietary treatments was fed to 5 replicate pens (12 birds/pen) from 0 to 24 d of age. Adding enzyme and phytogenic product into wheat based diet increased (P<0.05) Lactobacillus and decreased (P<0.05) E. coli population while it had no effect on Bifidobacterium when compared to the control group. For jejunal histomorphology at d 24, addition of enzyme into wheat based diet increased (P<0.05) villus height (VH), villus surface (VS), crypt depth (CD), mucosa layer thickness (MCL) and goblet cell (GC) although villus width (VW) decreased (P<0.05) when compared to the control group. Pytogenic product supplementation significantly increased VH, VS, villus height to crypt depth (VH:CD) and GC but it was not significant for CD, MCL and mascular layer (MSL). Results of jejunal measurement showed that enzyme supplementation increased (P<0.05) VH, CD, MCL and GC although decreased (P<0.05) VW in contrast with control group: enzyme increased ileal VH, VS and GC at 24 days of age, but VW, CD, MCL and MSL was not affected by that. Effect of thymol + carvacrol on ileal morphology at d 24 followed the similar pattern of enzyme addition. At d 42, ileal measurement showed that enzyme supplement significantly enhanced VH and CD and thymol + carvacrol increased VH and VS. Thus, the addition of enzyme and phytogenic product can modify microbial status of intestinal by increasing beneficial microbial population, decreasing pathogens and improve mucosa structure of jejunum and ileum by increasing villus height, villus surface area and goblet cell.
این آزمایش به منظور مطالعه تأثیر آنزیم و ترکیبات فعال فیتوژنیکی (گیاهی) بر جمعیت میکروبی ایلئوم و صفات بافتی ایلئوم و ژژنوم جوجه‏های گوشتی تغذیه شده با جیره گندم، گرفت. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل 3 × 2 با 2 سطح آنزیم اندوفید W (صفر و 05/0 درصد) و سه سطح تیمول + کارواکرول (صفر، 100 و 200 میلی‏گرم به ازای کیلوگرم) انجام شد. هر یک از 6 جیره آزمایشی به 5 تکرار 12 جوجه‏ای، از صفر تا 42 روزگی تغذیه شد. اضافه کردن آنزیم و تیمول + کارواکرول به جیره گندم، جمعیت لاکتوباسیلوس را افزایش و اشرشیاکلی را کاهش داد در حالی‌که بر جمعیت بیفیدوباکتریوم تأثیری نداشت. بافت‏شناسی ژژنوم در 24 روزگی نشان داد که افزودن آنزیم به جیره گندم، ارتفاع پرز، سطح پرز، عمق کریپت، ضخامت لایه مخاطی و تعداد سلول‌های گابلت را افزایش داده در حالی‌که عرض پرز را در مقایسه با جیره کنترل کاهش می‏دهد. تیمول + کارواکرول در جیره گندم، ارتفاع پرز، مساحت پرز، نسبت ارتفاع پرز به عمق کریپت و تعداد سلول‌های گابلت را افزایش داده اما تأثیری بر عمق کریپت، ضخامت لایه مخاطی و لایه ماهیچه‏ای نداشت. نتایج اندازه‏گیری‏های ژژنومی در 42 روزگی نشان داد که آنزیم، ارتفاع پرز، عمق کریپت، ضخامت لایه مخاطی و تعداد سلول‌های گابلت را افزایش می‌دهد، اگر‌چه عرض پرز در مقایسه با جیره کنترل کاهش می‌یابد. بافت‏شناسی ایلئوم در 24 روزگی مشخص کرد که آنزیم، ارتفاع پرز، مساحت پرز و تعداد سلول‌های گابلت را افزایش می‌دهد اما عرض پرز، عمق کریپت، ضخامت لایه مخاطی و ضخامت لایه ماهیچه‌ای را تحت تأثیر قرار نمی‌دهد. اثر تیمول + کارواکرول بر بافت‏شناسی ایلئومی در 24 روزگی الگویی مشابه با آنزیم داشت. در 42 روزگی، اندازه‌گیری‏های ایلئومی نشان داد که مکمل آنزیمی به طور معنی‌داری ارتفاع پرز و عمق کریپت را افزایش می‌دهد. تیمول + کارواکرول موجب افزایش ارتفاع پرز و مساحت پرز می‌شود. بنابراین، افزودن آنزیم و تیمول + کارواکرول می‏تواند با افزایش جمعیت میکروبی مفید و کاهش باکتری‌های بیماری‏زا وضعیت میکروبی روده را تعدیل نماید و ساختار مخاطی ژژنوم و ایلئومی را از طریق افزایش ارتفاع پرز، سطح پرز و سلول‌های گابلت، بهبود بخشد.
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