In vitro Estimation of Microbial Nitrogen Production and Ruminal Fermentation Responses to Levels and Applying Duration of a Commercial Enzyme Mixture
محورهای موضوعی : Camel
ع. فرامرزی-گرمرودی
1
(Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran)
م. دانش مسگران
2
(Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran)
ع.ر. وکیلی
3
(Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran)
کلید واژه: methane, Enzyme, degradability, microbial nitrogen,
چکیده مقاله :
The objective of the present experiment was to quantify the gas production parameters, methane emission and microbial nitrogen production of a conventional total mixed ration including corn silage, alfalfa hay, wheat straw and concentrate (390, 110, 22 and 478 g/kg of diet DM, respectively) treated with different levels of Natuzyme® and pre-incubation time after enzyme administration. Two hundred fifty mg of milled and dried basal diet (n=4) was weighed into a 125 mL serum bottles for an in vitro gas production trial. A solution of a commercial enzyme blend (Natuzyme®) was added at 0, 12 and 24 h prior to starting the incubation (96 h) to make treatments of 0.84, 1.68 and 2.52 g/kg, respectively. No added enzyme bottles were considered as control. Half time of gas production (t1/2) was calculated. Then, another gas test was run for each treatment and terminated at t1/2 to measure gas volume, methane emission and solid residues. Dose rate of Natuzyme® did not make any significant differences in gas production parameters and fermentation responses except for microbial nitrogen production. Pre-treatment of the basal diet at 24 h incubation significantly (P<0.05) lowered dry matter degradability and accumulated gas, but percentage and amount of produced methane, produced methane by mg degraded dry matter and microbial nitrogen production was significantly increased. Twelve and twenty four h pre-treatment of the basal diet significantly (P<0.05) increased accumulated gas by 16% and 8%, respectively. However, fractional constant rate was significantly (P<0.05) decreased by 31% and 13%, respectively, using twelve and twenty four h pre-treatment of the basal diet. However, a specific pre-treatment time must be taken into consideration to allow the enzyme mixture to bind to the feed particles.
هدف آزمایش حاضر برآورد کمی فراسنجههای تولید گاز، تولید متان و تولید نیتروژن میکروبی جیره کاملاً مخلوط عملآوری شده با سطوح مختلف مخلوط آنزیمی ناتوزایم® به روش برون تنی بود. جیره کاملاً مخلوط حاوی سیلوی ذرت، علف خشک یونجه، کاه گندم و کنسانتره به ترتیب به میزان 390، 110، 22 و 478 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک بود. دویست و پنجاه میلیگرم از جیره پایه آسیاب (1 میلیمتر) و خشک شد (4=n) و درون شیشههای انکوباسیون (125 میلیلیتر) ریخته شد. محلولی از مخلوط آنزیمی 0، 12 و 24 ساعت پیش از شروع انکوباسیون (96 ساعت) به شیشههای حاوی جیره پایه افزوده شد به گونهای که میزان آنزیم در شیشهها به 84/0، 68/1 و 52/2 میلیگرم در گرم ماده خشک رسید. پس از اتمام انکوباسیون، نیمه عمر تولید گاز محاسبه شد. آزمایش تولید گاز دیگری بر اساس نیمه عمر تولید گاز برای اندازهگیری حجم گاز، تولید متان و ماده خشک باقی مانده انجام شد. سطح آنزیم تأثیر معنیداری بر فراسنجههای تولید گاز و پاسخهای تخمیری به جز تولید نیتروژن میکروبی نداشت. آغشتهسازی خوراک پایه 24 ساعت پیش از شروع انکوباسیون به طور معنیداری (05/0>P) تجزیهپذیری ماده خشک و حجم گاز را کاهش داد ولی درصد و حجم متان، میلیلیتر متان تولید شده به ازای میلیگرم ماده خشک ناپدید شده و تولید نیتروژن میکروبی افزایش یافت. آغشتهسازی خوراک پایه، 12 و 24 ساعت پیش از شروع انکوباسیون به طور معنیداری (05/0>P) حجم گاز تجمعی را به ترتیب 16 و 8 درصد افزایش ولی ثابت نرخ تولید گاز را به ترتیب 31 و 13 درصد کاهش دادند.
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