تحریم‌های ایالات‌متحده آمریکا علیه ایران و تأثیر آن بر همکاری‌های نفتی چین و عربستان سعودی (2019-2009)
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی تحقیقات سیاسی و بین المللی
شیرین حداد زند
1
(گروه حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، ایران)
سید علی منوری
2
(گروه حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، ایران، تهران)
کلید واژه: ایران, چین, عربستان, تحریم‌های آمریکا, همکاری‌های نفتی,
چکیده مقاله :
سیاست‌های توسعه گرایانه چین، موجب افزایش نیاز این کشور به منابع انرژی شده و افزایش واردات نفت و گاز را از نقاط مختلف جهان به‌ویژه خلیج‌فارس در پی داشته است. این امر توجه چین را به دو ستون اصلی در تأمین انرژی در خلیج‌فارس یعنی ایران و عربستان جلب نموده است. بااین‌وجود، روابط میان چین و عربستان و ایران در حوزه انرژی دارای فراز و نشیب‌های بسیار بوده؛ که دلیل اصلی آن را می‌توان در مسائل سیاسی و مسائل خاص این منطقه از جمله روابط ویژه این دو کشور با آمریکا جست‌وجو نمود. پژوهش حاضر به دنبال پاسخگویی به این سؤال است که چگونه تحریم‌های آمریکا علیه ایران در سال‌های 2019-2009 بر همکاری‌های نفتی چین و عربستان تأثیر گذاشته است؟ در پاسخ این فرضیه با روش تکوینی بررسی می‌شود که با کاهش فرصت‌های همکاری‌های چین و ایران در حوزه انرژی به دلیل نظام تحریم‌های آمریکا علیه ایران، همکاری‌های نفتی چین و عربستان در سال‌های 2019-2009 گسترش یافته است. تحقیق حاضر به این نتیجه رسیده که نظام تحریمی آمریکا؛ ایران قدرتمند را در حوزه اقتصادی منزوی کرده و فرصتی طلایی برای کشورهای چین و عربستان به وجود آورده تا روابط خویش را در حوزه اقتصاد، به‌ویژه انرژی تحکیم بخشند.
China's expansionist policies have increased the country's need for energy resources and increased oil and gas imports from around the world, especially from the Persian Gulf. This has drawn China's attention to the two main pillars of energy supply in the Persian Gulf: Iran and Saudi Arabia. However, China-Saudi Arabia and China-Iran's energy relations have had many ups and downs and the main reason can be found in the political issues and specific issues of the region, including the special relations between this two countries with the United States. This research seeks to answer the question of how U.S. sanctions against Iran in 2009-2019 have affected China and Saudi Arabia's oil cooperation. In response to this hypothesis, an explanatory method is used to examine that U.S. sanctions against Iran, by reducing the opportunities for China-Iran's energy cooperation, have led to the expansion of China –Saudi Arabia's oil cooperation in 2009-2019. This research concludes that the U.S. sanctions system isolated the powerful Iran in the economic field and created a golden opportunity for China and Saudi Arabia to strengthen their economic relations, especially energy relations.
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