نقش کنگره ایالات متحده در وضع تحریم‌ها علیه ایران
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی تحقیقات سیاسی و بین المللی
حسین مرادی
1
(پژوهشگر، موسسه مطالعات راهبردی جهان پژوه)
حسین دهشیار
2
(هیئت علمی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی)
کلید واژه: سیاست خارجی, تحریم, تفکیک قوا, توازن و بررسی, واژه‌های کلیدی: کنگره,
چکیده مقاله :
چکیده سیستم سیاسی حکومتی امریکا مبتنی بر سیستم تفکیک قواست که با تقسیم قدرت در میان قوا و ایجاد سیستم توازن و بررسی، هر قوه بر عملکرد دیگری نظارت می کند. لذا به خاطر همین سیستم توازن و بررسی، دوباره در عرصه تصمیم‌گیری؛ به خصوص تصمیم‌گیری‌های سیاست خارجی، تداخل نقشی میان رئیس‌جمهور و کنگره وجود دارد. این تداخل نقشی در عرصه سیاست خارجی امریکا در قبال ایران نمود داشته، هر یک سعی می کنند تا سیاست‌های خود را در قبال ایران تحقق بخشند. این تحقیق با استفاده از روش توصیفی و با مراجعه به متن قوانین تصویب شده در کنگره علیه ایران و همچنین، جلسات استماع برگزار شده در ارتباط با ایران، در پی پاسخ به این پرسش اصلی است که کنگره چه نقشی در پیشبرد سیاست‌های امریکا در مقابل ایران داشته و چگونه به دنبال ایفای این نقش است؟ فرضیه این پژوهش، آن است که هر زمان که کنگره وارد تصمیم‌گیری‌های سیاست خارجی امریکا علیه ایران شده، با تصویب قوانین باعث شده رفتار امریکا نسبت به ایران تهاجمی تر و با اعمال سیاست‌های سرسختانه‌تری همراه گردد. درواقع، کنگره در ارتباط با موضوع ایران کوشش کرده تا دست برتر را در تعیین سیاست خارجی امریکا نسبت به رئیس‌جمهور داشته باشد.
Abstract: The United States political system is based on separation of powers with dividing the power between each branches and the check and balance system oversee the other branches. As result due to this system of check and balance there is always a struggle between the president and the Congress in foreign policy matters. Thus each branch under the constitution claims that has the right or power to give its opinion on foreign policy matters. This interference of the role has also shown itself in the case of the United States foreign policy vis-à-vis Iran and each branch particularly the legislative branch tries to exert his views about Iran. The present article by a descriptive and analytical method and by referring to bills approved in the Congress against Iran and also the hearing held about Iran wants to answer this question that what role the United States Congress plays in furtherance of policies about Iran and how it tries to pursue it? The hypothesis is that every time Congress has entered into US foreign policy decision making process, the result has been the adoption of aggressive and stringent decisions about Iran. In fact the Congress has tried to have upper hand over the president in determining the policies against Iran.
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اسناد
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