آسیب‌شناسی شبکه شاد بر اساس میزان اثربخشی عناصر برنامه درسی از دیدگاه معلمان دوره ابتدایی

محورهای موضوعی : آموزش مجازی

مجید کهرازهی ¹ , عباس اناری نژاد ²

1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مدیریت و برنامه ریزی آموزش عالی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
2 - استادیار گروه علوم تربیتی دانشگاه فرهنگیان، پردیس شهید رجایی شیراز، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1402/01/06 تاریخ پذیرش : 1402/04/20 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/07/01

کلید واژه: دوره ابتدایی, برنامه درسی, آموزش مجازی, عناصر برنامه درسی, شبکه شاد,

چکیده مقاله :

پژوهش حاضر به بررسی اثربخشی و تحقق عناصر برنامه درسی در شبکه شاد از دیدگاه معلمان دوره ابتدایی پرداخته است. مطالعه حاضر، پژوهشی آمیخته با رویکرد (کیفی-کمی)، از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نوع توصیفی تحلیلی است. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل تمام معلمان دوره ابتدایی سال تحصیلی 1400_1399 بخش مرکزی شهرستان میرجاوه استان سیستان و بلوچستان می‌باشد.روش انتخاب نمونه نیز به‌صورت هدفمند بوده است؛بدین صورت که از هر10 مدرسه دوره ابتدایی3 معلم و در مجموع30نفر جهت مصاحبه انتخاب شدند. ابزار جمع‌آوری اطلاعات در بخش کیفی استفاده از روش مصاحبه نیمه ساختار یافته با معلمان دوره ابتدایی ودر رویکرد کمی نیز استفاده از پرسشنامه محقق ساخته بود.روش تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌های کیفی انجام مراحل سه‌گانه کدگذاری و برای داده‌های کمی استفاده از آمار توصیفی بود. بعد از تجزیه و تحلیل داده های حاصل با تاکید بر عناصر اصلی برنامه درسی، 4 مقوله کلی (اصلی)، 29مقوله فرعی و81مقوله پایه ازمهمترین مولفه-های کلیدی برای آسیب شناسی شبکه شاد مشخص شدند.نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که میزان اثربخشی و تحقق عناصر برنامه درسی (شامل اهداف، محتوا،روش‌های یاددهی- یادگیری و ارزشیابی) در شبکه شاد نسبتا مطلوب می‌باشد؛ هرچند برای رسیدن به شرایط مطلوب به‌ویژه در بخش روش‌های یاددهی- یادگیری و ارزشیابی هنوز فاصله بسیاری وجود دارد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The present research has investigated the effectiveness and implementation of curriculum elements in the Shaad network from the perspective of primary school teachers.The present study is a research mixed with(qualitative-quantitative)approach,in terms of the objective, it is applied and descriptive-analytical.The statistical population of the research includes allprimary school teachers of the academic year1399-1400in the central part of Mirjaveh city,Sistan and Baluchistan province.The sample selection method was also purposeful;In this way,3 teachers and a total of 30people were selected for interview from every10elementary schools.The data collection tool in the qualitative part was the semi-structured interviews with primary school teachers, and in the quantitative approach, the use of researcher-made questionnaires.The method of qualitative data analysis three coding steps and for quantitative data, descriptive statistics was used. After analyzing the obtained data with emphasis on the main elements of the curriculum, 4general (main)categories,29sub-categories and81basic categories were identified as the most important key components for the pathology of the shad network.The results of the research showed that the degree of effectiveness and realization of curriculum elements(including goals,content, teaching-learning and evaluation methods)in the Shad network is relatively favorable;However, there is still a long way to reach the desired conditions, especially in the teaching-learning and evaluation methods.

منابع و مأخذ:

Abd. Aziz, Kundharu Saddhono, Bagus Wahyu Setyawan. (2022). A parental guidance patterns in the online learning process during the COVID-19 pandemic: case study in Indonesian school,   Heliyon, Volume 8, Issue 12, 2022, e12158,  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12158

Adenan, F. (2022). How is E-Learning-Based Distance Learning Implemented in Elementary Schools?. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 14 (4).‏ DOI : 10.35445/alishlah.v14i3.1483.

Arab Mokhtari, F. (2022). Elementary teachers' lived experience of virtual education during the corona outbreak: a phenomenological study. Policy studies of teacher training, 5(4), 30-9. [In Persian] 

Bawa P. (2020). Learning in the age of SARS-COV-2: A quantitative study of learners’ performance in the age of emergency remote teaching. Computers and Education Open. Dec;1:100016, No v 9.  doi: 10.1016/j.caeo.2020.100016

Devaji, B H; Moghimi, Z & Hajiloo, V. (2021). The Impact of Shad Network Virtual Education Program on Teacher Efficiency and Improving Students' Learning Level, Journal of Management on Organizational Education, 10 (3), 78-51. [In Persian].

Ehtedadi, M ,Sakhaei, Gh, Pourrajab, M, Kiani, M. (2020). Implementation of online education and learning plan in schools of Isfahan province during the outbreak of Covid-19 disease. New Advances in Behavioral Sciences. 5(44). Page 12-24. [In Persian].

Estakhrian Haghighi A.R. (2019). Role of Information Technology in Improving the Process of Learner Relationship Management in Modern Educational Media. Quarterly Journal of New Approach in Educational Management. 10 (38): Pages 265-284. [In Persian].

Fathi vagargah, K, Saemi, H, Attaran, M, Foroughi abari, A. (2015). The study of the impact of the disincentive factors and strategies for using social networks on the teaching and the effective learning. Research in curriculum planning. 12(44): Page 1-14. [In Persian].

Hajar El Omari, Khadija Chlouchi, Fatima Zahra Talbi, Moussa Benboubker, Meryem Mrani Alaoui, Khadija Lahouiti, Amina Chlouchi, Saad Maniar, Abdelilah Merabti, Abdelkarim Taam, Abdelhakim El Ouali Lalami. (2023). E-learning experience during COVID-19 pandemic management:Perception of secondary schools teachers' in Morocco, Scientific African, Volume 19, e01536, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01536.

Haji, J, Mohammadi Mehr, M, & Mohammadi Azar, H . (2021). Representing the problems of education in virtual space using Shad program during the corona pandemic period: a phenomenological study. Information and Communication Technology Quarterly in Educational Sciences, 11(3), 153-174. [In Persian]

Hashemi S.A, Pakdaman, F. (2017). The need to evaluate the curriculum and its most important models. National Conference on New Research in Management, Economics and Humanitie.  Islamic Azad University, Kazerun Branch. 2017. [In Persian].

Isha S & Bambang Wibawarta, B. (2023).  The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on elementary school education in Japan,  International Journal of Educational Research Open, Volume 4, 2023, 100239,   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2023.100239.

Javdani M, Anarinejad A. (2018). Evaluating the quality of e-learning curriculum in Higher Education in Iran. Journal of Curriculum Research. 8 (1): Pages 104-122. [In Persian].

Kahrazahi, M, Pirkamali, M A. (2022). The importance and place of the element of time in the curriculum (case study: Shad Network). Curriculum Research, 1(1), 57-69. [In Persian] 

Kaki, M & Sadr, A  (2023). The effect of virtual education on teaching quality and self-efficacy of primary school teachers in Abdanan city. Research in humanities education, 9(30), 1-18. [In Persian]

Karimi, A, Mohani, O & Jalilian, S. (2022). Evaluating the performance of happy educational media in social studies courses from the perspective of students. Research in humanities education, 8(29), 81-106. [In Persian]

Khalvandi F, Korkini M. (2019). Investigating the Possibility of Homeschooling with New Educational Technologies to Deal with Emergency Vacations in Khuzestan Province Schools from the Experts' Point of View (Using the Q Method). Bi-Quarterly Journal of Management Research on Organizational Education. 8 (1): Pages 203-230. [In Persian].

Maatuk AM, Elberkawi EK, Aljawarneh S, Rashaideh H, Alharbi H. (2022). The COVID-19 pandemic and E-learning: challenges and opportunities from the perspective of students and instructors. J Comput High Educ; 34 (1) :21-38. doi: 10.1007/s12528-021-09274-2. 

Madadlou Gh, Saadatmand Z, Yarmohammadian M.H .(2018). Understanding parental participation components in elementary school curriculum. Quarterly Journal of New Approach in Educational Management, 10 (40): Pages 234-251. [In Persian].

Maleki H. (2016). Introduction to curriculum planning. Tehran: samt  Publications. [In Persian].

Mirzaei, M. (2022). Examining the assessment of the virtual training qualifications of teachers in the student education network (SHAD) (case study: elementary teachers of Musian district in Ilam province). Education Research, 8(30), 97-111.[In Persian]

Moradi A. (2020). Barriers and Strategies for Using a Student (Shad) Social Network in Teaching and Learning to Students During the Corona Outbreak: A Phenomenological Study. National Conference on Virtualization Localization; Update and efficiency of educational management in educational organizations. Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah Branch 2020.

Nuryana, Z,  Wenbin Xu, Luky Kurniawan, Natri Sutanti, Syahdara Anisa Makruf, Indah Nurcahyati. (2023). Student stress and mental health during online learning: Potential for post-COVID-19 school curriculum development,  Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology, Volume 14,  100184,  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpnec.2023.100184.

Pourtavakoli A, Alinejad M, Daneshmand B. (2020). Designing a pattern for e-content development based on the factors affecting satisfaction in e-learning. Journal of Education Technology. 15 (1): Pages 119-138. [In Persian].

Sadeghi Z, Dehghani M. (2022). An Analysis of Elementary School Teachers' Experiences of Virtual Education at the Time of Corona Virus Outbreak: A Phenomenological Study. CSTP 2022; 10 (19) :163-204. [In Persian] 

Samat, M.F Awang, N A.  Hussin, S &  F.A.M. Nawi, F. (2020). Online Distance Learning Amidst Covid-19 Pandemic Among University Students: a Practicality of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling Approach Asian J. University Education (AJUE), 16 (3), pp. 220-233

Seraji, F, Malmir, R, Abbasi, Kasani, H. (2020). The study of teachers’ motives and usage of social networks. Journal of Education Technology. –(-). Page 1-20. [In Persian].

Shahbani H .(2017). Education Skills Teaching methods and techniques. Tehran: Samt publications. [In Persian].

Sharifi A. (2014). The Status of Curriculum Planning in the Iranian Educational System. Scientific-Research Quarterly of Education. 30 (3): Pages 73-91. [In Persian].

Soleimani B, Aliasgari M, Hosseinikhah A, Attaran M. (2020). Homeschooling; Apportunity or threat in Iran's education system?!. Research in Curriculum Planning. 37 (64): Pages 77-90. [In Persian].

Strauss, A.L., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory: Procedures and Technique. (2nd Edition); Sage, Newbury Park, London.

Taghizadeh A, Hatami J, Ghasemi M. (2018). Identifying Capabilities of Formative Assessment in Virtual Learning Environments. Scientific Quarterly, Research in School and Virtual Learning. 6(1): Page 43-62. [In Persian]

Abd. Aziz, Kundharu Saddhono, Bagus Wahyu Setyawan. (2022). A parental guidance patterns in the online learning process during the COVID-19 pandemic: case study in Indonesian school,   Heliyon, Volume 8, Issue 12, 2022, e12158,  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12158

Adenan, F. (2022). How is E-Learning-Based Distance Learning Implemented in Elementary Schools?. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 14 (4).‏ DOI : 10.35445/alishlah.v14i3.1483.

Arab Mokhtari, F. (2022). Elementary teachers' lived experience of virtual education during the corona outbreak: a phenomenological study. Policy studies of teacher training, 5(4), 30-9. [In Persian] 

Bawa P. (2020). Learning in the age of SARS-COV-2: A quantitative study of learners’ performance in the age of emergency remote teaching. Computers and Education Open. Dec;1:100016, No v 9.  doi: 10.1016/j.caeo.2020.100016

Devaji, B H; Moghimi, Z & Hajiloo, V. (2021). The Impact of Shad Network Virtual Education Program on Teacher Efficiency and Improving Students' Learning Level, Journal of Management on Organizational Education, 10 (3), 78-51. [In Persian].

Ehtedadi, M ,Sakhaei, Gh, Pourrajab, M, Kiani, M. (2020). Implementation of online education and learning plan in schools of Isfahan province during the outbreak of Covid-19 disease. New Advances in Behavioral Sciences. 5(44). Page 12-24. [In Persian].

Estakhrian Haghighi A.R. (2019). Role of Information Technology in Improving the Process of Learner Relationship Management in Modern Educational Media. Quarterly Journal of New Approach in Educational Management. 10 (38): Pages 265-284. [In Persian].

Fathi vagargah, K, Saemi, H, Attaran, M, Foroughi abari, A. (2015). The study of the impact of the disincentive factors and strategies for using social networks on the teaching and the effective learning. Research in curriculum planning. 12(44): Page 1-14. [In Persian].

Hajar El Omari, Khadija Chlouchi, Fatima Zahra Talbi, Moussa Benboubker, Meryem Mrani Alaoui, Khadija Lahouiti, Amina Chlouchi, Saad Maniar, Abdelilah Merabti, Abdelkarim Taam, Abdelhakim El Ouali Lalami. (2023). E-learning experience during COVID-19 pandemic management:Perception of secondary schools teachers' in Morocco, Scientific African, Volume 19, e01536, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01536.

Haji, J, Mohammadi Mehr, M, & Mohammadi Azar, H . (2021). Representing the problems of education in virtual space using Shad program during the corona pandemic period: a phenomenological study. Information and Communication Technology Quarterly in Educational Sciences, 11(3), 153-174. [In Persian]

Hashemi S.A, Pakdaman, F. (2017). The need to evaluate the curriculum and its most important models. National Conference on New Research in Management, Economics and Humanitie.  Islamic Azad University, Kazerun Branch. 2017. [In Persian].

Isha S & Bambang Wibawarta, B. (2023).  The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on elementary school education in Japan,  International Journal of Educational Research Open, Volume 4, 2023, 100239,   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2023.100239.

Javdani M, Anarinejad A. (2018). Evaluating the quality of e-learning curriculum in Higher Education in Iran. Journal of Curriculum Research. 8 (1): Pages 104-122. [In Persian].

Kahrazahi, M, Pirkamali, M A. (2022). The importance and place of the element of time in the curriculum (case study: Shad Network). Curriculum Research, 1(1), 57-69. [In Persian] 

Kaki, M & Sadr, A  (2023). The effect of virtual education on teaching quality and self-efficacy of primary school teachers in Abdanan city. Research in humanities education, 9(30), 1-18. [In Persian]

Karimi, A, Mohani, O & Jalilian, S. (2022). Evaluating the performance of happy educational media in social studies courses from the perspective of students. Research in humanities education, 8(29), 81-106. [In Persian]

Khalvandi F, Korkini M. (2019). Investigating the Possibility of Homeschooling with New Educational Technologies to Deal with Emergency Vacations in Khuzestan Province Schools from the Experts' Point of View (Using the Q Method). Bi-Quarterly Journal of Management Research on Organizational Education. 8 (1): Pages 203-230. [In Persian].

Maatuk AM, Elberkawi EK, Aljawarneh S, Rashaideh H, Alharbi H. (2022). The COVID-19 pandemic and E-learning: challenges and opportunities from the perspective of students and instructors. J Comput High Educ; 34 (1) :21-38. doi: 10.1007/s12528-021-09274-2. 

Madadlou Gh, Saadatmand Z, Yarmohammadian M.H .(2018). Understanding parental participation components in elementary school curriculum. Quarterly Journal of New Approach in Educational Management, 10 (40): Pages 234-251. [In Persian].

Maleki H. (2016). Introduction to curriculum planning. Tehran: samt  Publications. [In Persian].

Mirzaei, M. (2022). Examining the assessment of the virtual training qualifications of teachers in the student education network (SHAD) (case study: elementary teachers of Musian district in Ilam province). Education Research, 8(30), 97-111.[In Persian]

Moradi A. (2020). Barriers and Strategies for Using a Student (Shad) Social Network in Teaching and Learning to Students During the Corona Outbreak: A Phenomenological Study. National Conference on Virtualization Localization; Update and efficiency of educational management in educational organizations. Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah Branch 2020.

Nuryana, Z,  Wenbin Xu, Luky Kurniawan, Natri Sutanti, Syahdara Anisa Makruf, Indah Nurcahyati. (2023). Student stress and mental health during online learning: Potential for post-COVID-19 school curriculum development,  Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology, Volume 14,  100184,  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpnec.2023.100184.

Pourtavakoli A, Alinejad M, Daneshmand B. (2020). Designing a pattern for e-content development based on the factors affecting satisfaction in e-learning. Journal of Education Technology. 15 (1): Pages 119-138. [In Persian].

Sadeghi Z, Dehghani M. (2022). An Analysis of Elementary School Teachers' Experiences of Virtual Education at the Time of Corona Virus Outbreak: A Phenomenological Study. CSTP 2022; 10 (19) :163-204. [In Persian] 

Samat, M.F Awang, N A.  Hussin, S &  F.A.M. Nawi, F. (2020). Online Distance Learning Amidst Covid-19 Pandemic Among University Students: a Practicality of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling Approach Asian J. University Education (AJUE), 16 (3), pp. 220-233

Seraji, F, Malmir, R, Abbasi, Kasani, H. (2020). The study of teachers’ motives and usage of social networks. Journal of Education Technology. –(-). Page 1-20. [In Persian].

Shahbani H .(2017). Education Skills Teaching methods and techniques. Tehran: Samt publications. [In Persian].

Sharifi A. (2014). The Status of Curriculum Planning in the Iranian Educational System. Scientific-Research Quarterly of Education. 30 (3): Pages 73-91. [In Persian].

Soleimani B, Aliasgari M, Hosseinikhah A, Attaran M. (2020). Homeschooling; Apportunity or threat in Iran's education system?!. Research in Curriculum Planning. 37 (64): Pages 77-90. [In Persian].

Strauss, A.L., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory: Procedures and Technique. (2nd Edition); Sage, Newbury Park, London.

Taghizadeh A, Hatami J, Ghasemi M. (2018). Identifying Capabilities of Formative Assessment in Virtual Learning Environments. Scientific Quarterly, Research in School and Virtual Learning. 6(1): Page 43-62. [In Persian]

Abd. Aziz, Kundharu Saddhono, Bagus Wahyu Setyawan. (2022). A parental guidance patterns in the online learning process during the COVID-19 pandemic: case study in Indonesian school,   Heliyon, Volume 8, Issue 12, 2022, e12158,  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12158

Adenan, F. (2022). How is E-Learning-Based Distance Learning Implemented in Elementary Schools?. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 14 (4).‏ DOI : 10.35445/alishlah.v14i3.1483.

Arab Mokhtari, F. (2022). Elementary teachers' lived experience of virtual education during the corona outbreak: a phenomenological study. Policy studies of teacher training, 5(4), 30-9. [In Persian] 

Bawa P. (2020). Learning in the age of SARS-COV-2: A quantitative study of learners’ performance in the age of emergency remote teaching. Computers and Education Open. Dec;1:100016, No v 9.  doi: 10.1016/j.caeo.2020.100016

Devaji, B H; Moghimi, Z & Hajiloo, V. (2021). The Impact of Shad Network Virtual Education Program on Teacher Efficiency and Improving Students' Learning Level, Journal of Management on Organizational Education, 10 (3), 78-51. [In Persian].

Ehtedadi, M ,Sakhaei, Gh, Pourrajab, M, Kiani, M. (2020). Implementation of online education and learning plan in schools of Isfahan province during the outbreak of Covid-19 disease. New Advances in Behavioral Sciences. 5(44). Page 12-24. [In Persian].

Estakhrian Haghighi A.R. (2019). Role of Information Technology in Improving the Process of Learner Relationship Management in Modern Educational Media. Quarterly Journal of New Approach in Educational Management. 10 (38): Pages 265-284. [In Persian].

Fathi vagargah, K, Saemi, H, Attaran, M, Foroughi abari, A. (2015). The study of the impact of the disincentive factors and strategies for using social networks on the teaching and the effective learning. Research in curriculum planning. 12(44): Page 1-14. [In Persian].

Hajar El Omari, Khadija Chlouchi, Fatima Zahra Talbi, Moussa Benboubker, Meryem Mrani Alaoui, Khadija Lahouiti, Amina Chlouchi, Saad Maniar, Abdelilah Merabti, Abdelkarim Taam, Abdelhakim El Ouali Lalami. (2023). E-learning experience during COVID-19 pandemic management:Perception of secondary schools teachers' in Morocco, Scientific African, Volume 19, e01536, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01536.

Haji, J, Mohammadi Mehr, M, & Mohammadi Azar, H . (2021). Representing the problems of education in virtual space using Shad program during the corona pandemic period: a phenomenological study. Information and Communication Technology Quarterly in Educational Sciences, 11(3), 153-174. [In Persian]

Hashemi S.A, Pakdaman, F. (2017). The need to evaluate the curriculum and its most important models. National Conference on New Research in Management, Economics and Humanitie.  Islamic Azad University, Kazerun Branch. 2017. [In Persian].

Isha S & Bambang Wibawarta, B. (2023).  The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on elementary school education in Japan,  International Journal of Educational Research Open, Volume 4, 2023, 100239,   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2023.100239.

Javdani M, Anarinejad A. (2018). Evaluating the quality of e-learning curriculum in Higher Education in Iran. Journal of Curriculum Research. 8 (1): Pages 104-122. [In Persian].

Kahrazahi, M, Pirkamali, M A. (2022). The importance and place of the element of time in the curriculum (case study: Shad Network). Curriculum Research, 1(1), 57-69. [In Persian] 

Kaki, M & Sadr, A  (2023). The effect of virtual education on teaching quality and self-efficacy of primary school teachers in Abdanan city. Research in humanities education, 9(30), 1-18. [In Persian]

Karimi, A, Mohani, O & Jalilian, S. (2022). Evaluating the performance of happy educational media in social studies courses from the perspective of students. Research in humanities education, 8(29), 81-106. [In Persian]

Khalvandi F, Korkini M. (2019). Investigating the Possibility of Homeschooling with New Educational Technologies to Deal with Emergency Vacations in Khuzestan Province Schools from the Experts' Point of View (Using the Q Method). Bi-Quarterly Journal of Management Research on Organizational Education. 8 (1): Pages 203-230. [In Persian].

Maatuk AM, Elberkawi EK, Aljawarneh S, Rashaideh H, Alharbi H. (2022). The COVID-19 pandemic and E-learning: challenges and opportunities from the perspective of students and instructors. J Comput High Educ; 34 (1) :21-38. doi: 10.1007/s12528-021-09274-2. 

Madadlou Gh, Saadatmand Z, Yarmohammadian M.H .(2018). Understanding parental participation components in elementary school curriculum. Quarterly Journal of New Approach in Educational Management, 10 (40): Pages 234-251. [In Persian].

Maleki H. (2016). Introduction to curriculum planning. Tehran: samt  Publications. [In Persian].

Mirzaei, M. (2022). Examining the assessment of the virtual training qualifications of teachers in the student education network (SHAD) (case study: elementary teachers of Musian district in Ilam province). Education Research, 8(30), 97-111.[In Persian]

Moradi A. (2020). Barriers and Strategies for Using a Student (Shad) Social Network in Teaching and Learning to Students During the Corona Outbreak: A Phenomenological Study. National Conference on Virtualization Localization; Update and efficiency of educational management in educational organizations. Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah Branch 2020.

Nuryana, Z,  Wenbin Xu, Luky Kurniawan, Natri Sutanti, Syahdara Anisa Makruf, Indah Nurcahyati. (2023). Student stress and mental health during online learning: Potential for post-COVID-19 school curriculum development,  Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology, Volume 14,  100184,  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpnec.2023.100184.

Pourtavakoli A, Alinejad M, Daneshmand B. (2020). Designing a pattern for e-content development based on the factors affecting satisfaction in e-learning. Journal of Education Technology. 15 (1): Pages 119-138. [In Persian].

Sadeghi Z, Dehghani M. (2022). An Analysis of Elementary School Teachers' Experiences of Virtual Education at the Time of Corona Virus Outbreak: A Phenomenological Study. CSTP 2022; 10 (19) :163-204. [In Persian] 

Samat, M.F Awang, N A.  Hussin, S &  F.A.M. Nawi, F. (2020). Online Distance Learning Amidst Covid-19 Pandemic Among University Students: a Practicality of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling Approach Asian J. University Education (AJUE), 16 (3), pp. 220-233

Seraji, F, Malmir, R, Abbasi, Kasani, H. (2020). The study of teachers’ motives and usage of social networks. Journal of Education Technology. –(-). Page 1-20. [In Persian].

Shahbani H .(2017). Education Skills Teaching methods and techniques. Tehran: Samt publications. [In Persian].

Sharifi A. (2014). The Status of Curriculum Planning in the Iranian Educational System. Scientific-Research Quarterly of Education. 30 (3): Pages 73-91. [In Persian].

Soleimani B, Aliasgari M, Hosseinikhah A, Attaran M. (2020). Homeschooling; Apportunity or threat in Iran's education system?!. Research in Curriculum Planning. 37 (64): Pages 77-90. [In Persian].

Strauss, A.L., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory: Procedures and Technique. (2nd Edition); Sage, Newbury Park, London.

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