Research Letter of International Relations: 2 (18)

Open Access Article

1 - Critical Realism, Dual Exit from Positivism and Hermeneutic
Akbar Ashrafi ALi Fallahi Sayfoddin

Abstract In contrast to natural science that have contain few methodological controversies, human science is dominated by unrewarding disputes among various and contrasting views; Affording rival answers by positivism and hermeneutics (as two main traditions in philoso More

Abstract In contrast to natural science that have contain few methodological controversies, human science is dominated by unrewarding disputes among various and contrasting views; Affording rival answers by positivism and hermeneutics (as two main traditions in philosophy of social science) to the question that “to what extent can society be studied in the same way as nature?”, form the main dimension of these disputes. Positivists believe sciences are unified in their concordance with positivist principles, while hermeneutics has posited a cleavage in method between the natural and social sciences. Number of new traditions such as Critical Realism argues for Synthesis that overcomes this controversy. This paper attempts to explain critical realism as much as possible. So the main question to be dealt with in the present research is: could critical realism give a synthesis that brings together main aspects of positivism and hermeneutics?  Here in order to give appropriate answer to this question we start this research by looking briefly at positivism and hermeneutics and then move on to outline accounts of critical realism especially its bonds with natural and social science.   Key words: Critical realism, Structure, Agency, Depth ontology, Interaction, Transformational model of social action Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Necessity of Freedom and the Legal Government in Hayek's Thought
Mohammad Tohidfam

Abstract Friedrich Von Hayek was one of the deep thinkers and defenders of individual freedom and legal government .Freedom, ownership and law are the three main concepts of Hayek's thought .Legal government defend from freedom and individual necessarily and ownership a More

Abstract Friedrich Von Hayek was one of the deep thinkers and defenders of individual freedom and legal government .Freedom, ownership and law are the three main concepts of Hayek's thought .Legal government defend from freedom and individual necessarily and ownership and law depend on together. Hayek believed on negative freedom which is lack of any kind of foreign compulsion or dependence to others will .He believed that in this case law is the only guarantor of freedom and the only way toward this kind of freedom is the equitable behavior .He believed that any kind of foreign compulsion is the enemy of individual freedom and legal government as well as each person related to confirmation of justly behavior. Hayek proposed legal government for this reason that governments did not introduce themselves beyond law. Hayek's legal government with using from deterrents law is a guarantor of individual freedom .This article through consider of Hayek's short biography, philosophical and economical epistemology, wanted to rethinking the strong relationship between freedom and legal government.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - An Outlook to the Turkish Armies Relations and the AKP
Reza Jalali

Abstract Turkey today is heir to the Ottoman Empire in the lambs of the great Islamic empire in world history as it was raised. Despite the conflicting political forces in Turkish politics, this country has become a phenomenon distinct from its neighbors. Armies are the More

Abstract Turkey today is heir to the Ottoman Empire in the lambs of the great Islamic empire in world history as it was raised. Despite the conflicting political forces in Turkish politics, this country has become a phenomenon distinct from its neighbors. Armies are the followers of Atatürk and their demands of non-interference in political matters are serious, however, Turkey is a country that has deep roots in Islam. 2002 parliamentary election in Turkey is considered the beginning of a new political life; look at current developments in Turkey shows that this country is facing problems in the field of religion and its role in politics. On the other hand, Brlayysm constitution in this country insists it is opposed to the Islamists and other activities, but the realities of Turkey today shows that the relationship between the Islamists and Armies entered a new phase and the possibility of there being two rather than confrontation to co-pay.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Evaluating the Role of the Clergy in the Oil Industry Nationalization Movement in Iran
Malektaj Khosravi Zahra Masoud

Abstract The second social transformation in Iran after the constitution revolution is the oil nationalization movement and its relevant developments. Oil industry nationalization movement was the most important anti-colonial movement in the Middle East during 1950s. Na More

Abstract The second social transformation in Iran after the constitution revolution is the oil nationalization movement and its relevant developments. Oil industry nationalization movement was the most important anti-colonial movement in the Middle East during 1950s. Nationalization of oil industry was a turning point in the Iranian contemporary history in which several elements contributed and it can be said that oil industry nationalization was fulfilled by the coalition of all religious and national forces and political and allied groups against colonialism and dictatorship. In this respect, the important and critical role of the clergy should not be neglected. The role of Ayatollah Kashani, the measures taken by Fadaeian Islam Group and Navab Safavi and the fatwas of Islamic scientists were among the exemplary measures taken by the clergy in that time. But having a look at the role and position of the clergy in that period of time tells us that it is a complex and contradictory role with offending and sometimes contradictory tendencies. This has provided the ground for contradictory interpretations. This study deals with evaluating the role of the clergy in that process. It evaluates the reasons of different interpretations and tendencies of the clergy towards oil industry nationalization while evaluating their political and social conditions. It should be noted that putting an emphasis on the role of the clergy shall never be deemed as denial of the role of other political forces and groups in the fulfillment of oil industry nationalization process.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - National Identity & Foreign Policy of the IR of Iran
Abolghasem Taheri Hossien Karimifard

Abstract This article attempts to analyze the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran based on national identity indicators. Iranian national identity is a knowledgeable subject based on shared understanding of issues of cognitive and other drawers. Iranian natio More

Abstract This article attempts to analyze the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran based on national identity indicators. Iranian national identity is a knowledgeable subject based on shared understanding of issues of cognitive and other drawers. Iranian national identity is based on their perception of the country and its image abroad. The hypothesis of this paper is that policy-making and how to conduct foreign policy in Iran has been influenced by notions of national identity.       Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Iran’s Relations with the UN after Victory of the Islamic Revolution
Mostafa Maleki Mojtaba Babaei

Abstract The record of Iran’s relations with the United Nations after the victory of the 1979 Islamic Revolution shows that Iran is currently not playing an active and effective role which it deserves in the UN.  This is to a certain degree the result of the More

Abstract The record of Iran’s relations with the United Nations after the victory of the 1979 Islamic Revolution shows that Iran is currently not playing an active and effective role which it deserves in the UN.  This is to a certain degree the result of the policies of Iranian politicians toward the UN as well as efforts by world powers to prevent Iran from having an effective role at the international level.  Nevertheless, the lack of a long-term, integrated strategy with carefully-designed targets to promote Iran’s position in the UN as well as the failure of Iranian politicians to use the country’s capabilities in lobbying over key issues in international institutions have also contributed significantly to a decreased role in the UN. The present article tries to study the current status of Iran in the UN and review the challenges and barriers that are blocking Iran from having an effective role in international institutions.   It will also to look into the solutions to promote Iran’s positions in the UN.  This is particularly significant from the viewpoint of Iran’s policy “to have a targeted and effective role in regional and international organizations and change the current norms in global relations based on Islamic values”.        Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Iran's Accession to the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, Opportunities and Threats
Jafar Ghamat Parto Saberi ghomi

Abstract Human resources development is one of the most important factors in achieving sustainable development and balanced, and in this regards the subject of women because of the importance of family and social responsibility of heavy special. According to the histor More

Abstract Human resources development is one of the most important factors in achieving sustainable development and balanced, and in this regards the subject of women because of the importance of family and social responsibility of heavy special. According to the historical injustice that causes vicious in the growth and empowerment of women to achieve equal opportunities and possibilities that necessitate and this massive harm communities to compensate for the humanity of those suffered with special respect and full participation of field-oriented programs in the women's development as a fundamental human rights and pursue them. One of the fundamental steps in the ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of discrimination in the world of women in the 1979 CE by the General Assembly of the United Nations is now also vast countries have joined the Convention. And about a third of their export declarations or statements are the legal effects of unilateral about some Convention or their exception, and thus with the right protection moderated to run it by appointee. Hence it is that in our country with regard to suppress discussion of cool opponents and supporters to the Convention on the Elimination of discrimination against women, the decision will be taken as opposition to the accession of rational system that with proper position, the hands hanging place of women in Islamic Iran, and agree to the introduction of the discrimination against women in Iran and Islam face Gozar.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - A Survey on the Challenges of Foreign Policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran and England in the Persian Gulf
Abbasali Rahbar Seyd Javad Sahihonnasab

Abstract With the appearance of the Islamic Revolution of Iran in 1357, there was a new era of relations in foreign policy of the country. Of which can be modified for Iran's foreign policy is pro-west policy of the former regime and changed to the principle of neither More

Abstract With the appearance of the Islamic Revolution of Iran in 1357, there was a new era of relations in foreign policy of the country. Of which can be modified for Iran's foreign policy is pro-west policy of the former regime and changed to the principle of neither East nor West after the Islamic Revolution. Persian Gulf region is one of the world's major region which have attracted the attention of great powers and Iran is very important country of the region for various reasons, including the long history of civilization and being the longest beach in the area and possession of the strategic Strait of Hormoz and the country's rich oil and gas area. Britania as a great power in the Persian Gulf region has a long history in this important area, and attempts to influence the course of events after the September eleven, it will going through an active role in regional and global affairs. Besides having great powers such as Britain and the whole of the advanced industrial world's oil and energy resources in the Persian Gulf makes always look for transit security in the region to control its resources to the West.  However with the appearance of these countries in the region, we need to examine the British foreign policy in this area in order to understand the challenges of foreign policy, as a global power. Therefore, in this study, some of the most important foreign policy challenges both England and the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Persian Gulf as the power and influence have worked in the area studied.       Manuscript profile

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