Natural Ecosystems of Iran: 4 (3)

Open Access Article

1 - Trend Changes Analysis of the Water Quality in the Talar River Watershed Using the Man-Kendall (MK) Test
zahra sohrabizadeh Ehsan Sharifi Moghadam Mohammad Ali Hakimzadeh

One of the most important subjects in hydrology science is the water quality of the rivers, because of major hydrology activities for water supply in agriculture, drinking and, industry. The water quality index is one of the most widely used indicators for the classific More

One of the most important subjects in hydrology science is the water quality of the rivers, because of major hydrology activities for water supply in agriculture, drinking and, industry. The water quality index is one of the most widely used indicators for the classification of surface water quality. Therefore, the present study has been the analysis of long-term changes in the Talar Watershed using indicators of Na, SO4, and TDS and also the trend of these indices using non-parametric Man-Kendall test. Three stations with statistics were selected at the Talar watershed during the period from 1348 to 1392 and applied the Man-Kendall test on their annual and seasonal data. The results of this study indicate a significant uptrend in annual and seasonal Na and TDS amounts, but the SO4 trend has been a significant uptrend only in the annual and the spring data and in other seasons it has been non-significant uptrend at a 95% confidence level. The quality of water samples according to the Schoeller diagram is optimal for Na and SO4 indices and to the extent permitted for the TDS index.The cause of water pollution in the Talar river and the additive and the upward trend of these indicators may be due to increased human intervention and agricultural around the river, as well as the entry of domestic and industrial wastewater to the river which will make the river ecosystem be at risk and destroyed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Influence of cutting source and hormone on germination stimulation in woody cutting of large-leaf linden
Arash Amini Masoud Tabari Seyed Mohsen Hosseini Hamed Yiusefzadeh

In this research the effect of cutting source (shoot, and suckers) and IBA hormone (0, 1000, 3000, 5000 and 10000 mg/l) on stimulation of germination was conducted in winter woody of large-leaf linden or large-leaved lime (Tilia platyphyllos Scop.). The experiment was p More

In this research the effect of cutting source (shoot, and suckers) and IBA hormone (0, 1000, 3000, 5000 and 10000 mg/l) on stimulation of germination was conducted in winter woody of large-leaf linden or large-leaved lime (Tilia platyphyllos Scop.). The experiment was performed as randomized complete block design with three replications of for 47 days in a sheltered place in Tonekabon plain (north of Iran). Results showed that the source of the cutting on germination percent, germination speed, mean germination time and germination power, and the effect of hormone on germination speed were significant. Stimulation of germination at both cutting sources started after 24 days of planting and ended during three weeks. The shoot cuttings imbibed with 3000 mg/l IBA and the sucker cuttings imbibed with 5000 mg/l IBA caused germination of 91/66 and 100 percent, respectively. Regardless of cutting source, the cuttings imbibed with 3000 and 5000 mg/l were more favorable for germination speed. During this period, no rooting occurred in cuttings. It is recommended for rooting of large-leaf linden cutting (especially with the sucker source), the humidity and heat of greenhouse and soil of pots to be more closely monitored by future researchers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Evaluation of KINEROS2 Model for Simulating Flood Hydrograph. Case study: Ziarat Watershed
issa Mollaifar Vahedberdi Sheikh Abdolreza Bahremand Hasan Faramarzi

The Kinematic runoff and erosion model, KINEROS2, is an event-oriented, physically-based model to describe the processes of interception, infiltration, surface runoff and erosion from watersheds.DEM, land use, soil type and precipitation are main input data required for More

The Kinematic runoff and erosion model, KINEROS2, is an event-oriented, physically-based model to describe the processes of interception, infiltration, surface runoff and erosion from watersheds.DEM, land use, soil type and precipitation are main input data required for this model. Time scale of the KINEROS2 model is capable of simulating the flood hydrograph on a time minute. For evaluation of KINEROS2 Model, 8 rainfall-runoff flood events in the Ziarat watershed were selected. The events have been divided into two sets. The first set was used to run and calibrate the model and the second set was used to validate the model results. One factor at time (OAT) method has been used to carry out sensitivity analysis. The Saturated hydraulic conductivity, Manning roughness coefficient, mean capillary drive and interception depth have been chosen for manual calibration of the model. Various evaluation criteria including Nash-Sutcliffe, percent error in peak, aggregated Measure, coefficient of determination r2 and weighed coefficient of determination r2 were used to evaluate the model results. Results showed that the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency is 0.665 for calibration period and 0.797 for validation period. The KINEROS2 model estimates the hydrological parameters with good accuracy in the study area. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Reviews of Pollen Morphological Features in Different Populations of Populus caspica in West Mazandaran Forests (Case Study: Marzanabad and Nour)
Ali Sheykholeslami Fatemeh Bakooei

The Populus Caspica is a critically endangered and endemic species in Hyrcanian forest which is unfortunately endangered due to lack of proper management and conservation. Populus Caspica stands as a genetically valuable component of Hyrcanian forest resources but consi More

The Populus Caspica is a critically endangered and endemic species in Hyrcanian forest which is unfortunately endangered due to lack of proper management and conservation. Populus Caspica stands as a genetically valuable component of Hyrcanian forest resources but considering its rarity, nativity, uniqueness, being threatened and its role in preserving the natural landscape of northern forests, little information is available for its ecological, morphological and physiological condition, therefore, based on the given facts, more research are required to be conducted in these fields. In this study, we tried to introduce the pollen characterization in different populations of this species in west Mazandaran forests (Marzanabad and Nour). Consequently, two natural habitats of this species in West Mazandaran forests were used. The quantitative and qualitative characteristics of pollen grains were studied by light (optical) and electron microscopes. The results showed that there was no significant difference in pollen characteristics and types in different populations of this species. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Evaluation of structural and functional characteristics of ecological spots using the LFA
Maasoumeh Movaghari Leila Khalasi

Khuzestan province is one of the provinces that have been struggling with the phenomenon of dust in recent years and has suffered many economic, social and environmental consequences. This research was conducted to identify the ecological components in the sand dunes of More

Khuzestan province is one of the provinces that have been struggling with the phenomenon of dust in recent years and has suffered many economic, social and environmental consequences. This research was conducted to identify the ecological components in the sand dunes of Zoeir in Khouzestan province with the aim of evaluating soil level indices by LFA method. This region is located at 48.1 km distance from Ahvaz city. Sampling unit in this research was linear transect. Ecological spots and the spaces between them were determined during each transect and then five repetitions were selected randomly between them. Then, eleven soil indices that determine three functional characteristics (stability, permeability and nutrient cycle of the elements) were scored according to Tongway and Hindly) 2003(. Then, three functional features were determined based on the scores of related indices, Using LFA software. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis and comparison of ecological spots. The result showed that the highest percentage of soil stability is related to tree spots and the smallest percentage refers to the spatial space (bare soil). Also, the highest percent of the nutrient cycle was related to tree and tree trunk spots and the spatial space (bare soil) with the forbs spot had the lowest food cycle. Also, contrary to the research hypotheses, the highest percentage of permeability belonged to the bare soil. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The Identification and prioritization of criteria and indicators for Assessment of Multiple Ecosystem Services using of multi-criteria decision making techniques Entropy and TOPSIS in Darabkola Watershed
MARYAM PIRIKIYA asghar fallah hamid amirnejad jahangir mohamadi

Identification and prioritization criteria and indicators for Assessment Ecosystem Services are very important. In this study, we used Delphi questionnaire for identification very important criteria and indicators for Assessment of provisioning Services (Water Yield and More

Identification and prioritization criteria and indicators for Assessment Ecosystem Services are very important. In this study, we used Delphi questionnaire for identification very important criteria and indicators for Assessment of provisioning Services (Water Yield and Timber Production) and Regulating Services (Soil conservation and Carbon Storage and Sequestration) in Darabkola Watershed and Shannon Entropy technique used for calculation weight of them. Then, TOPSIS technique used for prioritization criteria and indicators of Multiple Ecosystem Services. The first, the important and effective indicators were selected and weighted by relevant experts via Delphi questionnaires. That after customization was determinate 19 indicators for Water Yield, 23 indicators for Timber Production, 25 indicators for Soil conservation and 22 indicators for Carbon Storage and Sequestration. The result of TOPSIS technique showed that the indicators of rainfall and snow persistence and the criteria of soil and climatic for water yield, the indicators of tree species type and percentage of forests and the criteria of forest resources and climatic for Timber Production, the indicators of NDVI and canopy cover percentage and the criteria of vegetation and soil for Soil conservation and the indicators of land use and NDVI and the criteria of vegetation and climatic for Carbon Storage and Sequestration in soil respectively had the highest prioritization. Also prioritization ecosystem services in Darabkola Watershed respectively had Timber Production, Carbon Storage and Sequestration, Water Yield and Soil conservation. Manuscript profile

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