Natural Ecosystems of Iran: 2 (2)

Open Access Article

1 - Channel bed unsteady analysis using critical shear stress and critical unit discharge (Case Study: Rivers Galali, Kurdistan)
میلاد رستمی Mohammad Mehdi Hosainzade

One of the key issues of erosion and stability of the river is the beginning the movement of sediment particles. Flow that will start moving particle, called the critical flow. The initial move threshold sediment particles has been investigated in several different meth More

One of the key issues of erosion and stability of the river is the beginning the movement of sediment particles. Flow that will start moving particle, called the critical flow. The initial move threshold sediment particles has been investigated in several different methods, most important of which are the average critical velocity, critical shear stress and critical unit discharge. To investigate the stability of the Galali river bed sediments in the according to river conditions used the critical shear stress and critical unit discharge methods. To determine initial move threshold sediment particles in the bed of the river were two cross-section of the river, two cross-section conditions were assessed. After that, the critical shear stress and critical unit discharge for four particle size D16, D50, D84 and D95 in each cross-section was calculated, and showed that in cross-section (1,2) in the bankfull discharge conditions all particles with sizes D16, D50, D84 and D95 begin to moving, and so in the bankfull discharge, sediment conditions will generally change. In cross-section (3) particles with a diameter D95 and the more it will be remain stable in the river bed, and other smaller particles of this size are starting to move. Due to further slope of the bed and width less active channel in the cross-section (1,2) has caused that all particles are unstable. Finally, the results from both methods were highly concordant, and this confirms that the use of these methods for stabilizes studies and sediment yield of river are appropriate. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - River floor instability analysis using critical shear stress and discharge critical unit (Galali river case study, Qorve, Kurdistan)
Mohammad Mehdi Hoseinzadeh Milad Rostami

One of the key issues of erosion and stability of the river is the beginning the movement of sediment particles. River sediment yield caused water turbidity, nutrients and pollution problems of water, buried in the water diversion facilities as well as filling the water More

One of the key issues of erosion and stability of the river is the beginning the movement of sediment particles. River sediment yield caused water turbidity, nutrients and pollution problems of water, buried in the water diversion facilities as well as filling the water storage lakes. Flow that will start moving particle, called the critical flow. The initial move threshold sediment particles has been investigated in several different methods, most important of which are the average critical velocity, critical shear stress and critical unit discharge. To investigate the stability of the Galali river bed sediments in the city of Qorveh, according to river conditions used the critical shear stress and critical unit discharge methods. To determine initial move threshold sediment particles in the bed of the river were two cross-section of the river, two cross-section conditions were assessed. After that, the critical shear stress and critical unit discharge for four particle size D16, D50, D84 and D95 in each cross-section was calculated, and showed that in cross-section (1,2) in the bankfull discharge conditions all particles with sizes D16, D50, D84 and D95 begin to moving, and so in the bankfull discharge, sediment conditions will generally change. In cross-section (3) particles with a diameter D95 and the more it will be remain stable in the river bed, and other smaller particles of this size are starting to move. Due to further slope of the bed and width less active channel in the cross-section (1,2) has caused that all particles are unstable. Finally, the results from both methods were highly concordant, and this confirms that the use of these methods for stabilizes studies and sediment yield of river are appropriate.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Spatial analysis of climatic factors on suitability assessment in Germi Township urban park
vahid safarian zangir Raoof Mostafazadeh Khadigeh haji

  Urban parks as one of the most important urban land use plays an important role in reducing air pollution and upgrade the quality of life of recreational areas as type of urban land use play an important role in reducing air pollution and improving the life qual More

  Urban parks as one of the most important urban land use plays an important role in reducing air pollution and upgrade the quality of life of recreational areas as type of urban land use play an important role in reducing air pollution and improving the life quality of urban residents. The aim of this study is the design and spatial analysis of urban parks in the Germy Township based on the effects of desirable inner space, and location suitability on development of urban parks with an area of 1725.2 km2. The climatic factors in a 11-year (2004-2014) period were analyzed along with effective geographical parameters to site selection of Germy urban park, and related maps were prepared based on available data. The design of plans and determination of zones were done in GIS and AutoCAD environments. According to the results, the appropriateness of park location along with desirability of inner-park spaces leads to increase the presence of family groups. While the deficiencies of effective factors caused the attendance of even-aged group of friends and peers in the studied park. In conclusion, the study site was chosen as a suitable area in leisure times. Also in terms of climate and receiving solar energy, most seasons and times of day provide thermal comfort in the time of tourist's persistence. The result, the highest amount of rainfall is related to the autumn season, while the lowest amount of rainfall for the July and August months were 13 and 9.5 mm, respectively. Thus the rainfall has the least negative impact on the desirability of recreational space. The impact of sunshine hours was considered as positive and the impacts of wind blowing were assessed as favorable in the study site.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - The effect of chromium on biological damage in transit road of Tabriz– Sufian
ramin salamatdoost Abolfazl Ghorbani

Among environmental pollutants, heavy metals due to the heavy metals are not biodegradable and have physiological effects on living organisms at low concentrations is of particular importance. These elements due to low mobility in the soil gradually accumulate. The accu More

Among environmental pollutants, heavy metals due to the heavy metals are not biodegradable and have physiological effects on living organisms at low concentrations is of particular importance. These elements due to low mobility in the soil gradually accumulate. The accumulation of these elements in the soil would eventually enter the food chain and are threatening human health and other organisms. This study aimed to determine the chromium in the Alhagi Camelorum plant as a supplier of small ruminant forage and soil bed in transit road of Tabriz - Sufian. Soil and plant samples in four directions at intervals of road edges, 15, 30, 60 and 120 m from the roadsides was prepared. To determine the amount of chromium, atomic absorption method was used. The results showed that the highest concentration of chromium in soil is 30 km of road Tabriz -Sufian and near of Sufian cement factory with 51/29 mg/ kg in the left margin of the road and the highest concentration of 54.3 mg/ kg in the Alhagi Camelorum.  With increasing distance from the Sufian cement factory concentration of chromium were decreased in soil and plant. The results showed that the concentration of chromium in soil and Alhagi Camelorum plant in the course of study at a relatively high road edges and usually with increasing distance from the roadside concentrations of metals has been reduced. According to the local winds, heavy metal accumulation in the left side of the road is high, the 30 -kilometer road in Tabriz - Sufian, concentration of chromium metal in very high. Due to the contamination of plant and affected products of grazing animals such as milk and meat, consequently, the entry of animal products into the human food chain can be adverse effects on the integrity of animals and humans. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Aut-ecological Investigation of Ribes biebersteinii , as a Valuable Shrub in Arasbaran, Case Study: Arasbaran Forest, Mardanaghom Watershed
Erfan Zolfaghari M.R Marvi Mohajer GH Zahedi Amiri

Medicinal plants as a none-woody forest products in each region, are valuable resources of related ecosystems that we can,t extraction its activate substance in other places. Oriental Currant shrub, ( Ribes biebersteinii ), is a valuable and infrequent shrub of Arasbara More

Medicinal plants as a none-woody forest products in each region, are valuable resources of related ecosystems that we can,t extraction its activate substance in other places. Oriental Currant shrub, ( Ribes biebersteinii ), is a valuable and infrequent shrub of Arasbaran and due to its interesting medicinal cares,has been received attention by rural people and around counties Spicer markets. Therefore the present study was prepared with the objective to investigation of effective ecological factors in distribution and settlement of Oriental Currant as a medicinal shrub in Arasbaran forest, Mardanaghom-chay watershed. For achieve to this aim, vegetation coverage in different strata with environmental characteristics was recorded in plots. For chemical & physical characteristics of soil, soil samples were taken from under organic layer from 10-20 centimeter depth. Floristic and environmental data was analyzed with Ordinations approach CCA (Canoncial Correspondence Analysis). Correlation analysis results showed that under studying specie, has positive and strong correlation with Sand rate in sub-soil and region. Preference to Loamy with suitable drainage soil can be seen, but showed negative correlation with sub-soil acidity and clay percent. Cultivation & Developing of native medicinal plant species in the region, as none-woody forest products, will be notifiable solutions to reduce rural people and foresters unsuitable pressure on forest ecosystem. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Forest territorial organization for exploitation of byproducts in the central Zagros(Case Study: Forests of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province)
Zahra Azizi Asghar Hoseini Hamed Sadeghian

Nowadays, severe destruction in Zagros forests is obvious because of environmental and socioeconomical problems. According to the laws in IRAN, the most important task of forest, range and watershed management organization is conservation, restoration and development of More

Nowadays, severe destruction in Zagros forests is obvious because of environmental and socioeconomical problems. According to the laws in IRAN, the most important task of forest, range and watershed management organization is conservation, restoration and development of forests. The optimal forest management is the best solution to do. So this study has been conducted the forest territorial organizing for exploitation of byproducts in the Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province (the central Zagros). In order to achieve the goal, “The Analytic Network Process” was used. The most important criteria effective in determination of management unit in central Zagros were identified. Then the experts were surveys to determine the importance of each criteria factor in achieving the purpose. Using the appropriate software (Super Decisions 1.6.0) were analyzed the expert’s opinions. The results of this study indicate that the best choice among three alternatives is village conventional territory as management unit in central Zagros followed by family conventional territory and watershed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Hydrological assessment of watershed management on flood characteristics (Case Study: watershed upstream of the dam Vushmgir)
mahboobeh Hajibigloo محمد رشیدی آتبین محبتی

Evaluation of watershed projects for future planning and management of natural resources based on operational plans. Accordingly, the present study aimed to assess the impact of watershed management practices implemented in the watershed upstream of the dam Voshmgir usi More

Evaluation of watershed projects for future planning and management of natural resources based on operational plans. Accordingly, the present study aimed to assess the impact of watershed management practices implemented in the watershed upstream of the dam Voshmgir using hydrologic model HEC-HMS study. To determine the effect of corrective structures and biological actions taken, to simulate flood behavior for outcomes were available. Criteria for the assessment of peak flow and flood volume was determined and Values were calculated for both the pre and post watershed management. The results showed that the effect of these measures on peak discharge was not significant and on the amount of flooding, was significant at the 95% level. The hydrological response of the basin, increasing the return period flood events based on the impact of measures to reduce peak flow and flood volume decreases. The effect of the above parameters in the low return periods (2 to 10 years) who were the parameters of peak flow and flood volume 0.94 and 0.96 mode of action was determined. The reservoir volume correction factors before deposition reveals that flood control capability to have a return period of 10 years. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The Role Evaluation of Land Use on Changes of Ground Water Quality in Lajan Watershed
Rahman Mahmood Hasan Mahmood Habibnezhad Roshan Leila Gholami

The land use cause the changes in water quality and therefore this study, the changes study of land use in years from 2002 to 2016 in Lajan watershed of the southern province of West Azerbaijan created using Landsat 5 and 8 and satellite images of TM and OIL and also GI More

The land use cause the changes in water quality and therefore this study, the changes study of land use in years from 2002 to 2016 in Lajan watershed of the southern province of West Azerbaijan created using Landsat 5 and 8 and satellite images of TM and OIL and also GIS. The results showed that the rangeland and rain-fed land area decreased about 135.05 and 26.16 km2, respectively, but the area of irrigated agriculture, residential land and garden land increased with amount of 112.75, 28 and of 20.37 km2, respectively. Then, 22 pits for water resources quality of underground in years 2002 and 2016 selected for the study of land use change and parameters of chemical quality including residual salts, pH, electrical conductivity, bicarbonate, chloride, sulfate, magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, and sodium adsorption ratio total hardness. The concentration of main ions and concentration of soluble salts measured by standard methods. Finally, the effective parameters on studied samples quality and water resources quality of underground evaluated for different applications in two years. The results showed that the water resources of underground in Lajan watershed had bicarbonate type. The Wilcox diagram showed that the more samples in the favorable category were for agricultural section and Schuler diagram also stated that the water resources of underground were in range of good to excellent for drinking application. Also, the results showed that the water quality changes did not depended to land use changes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Effects of nanoclay particles contained-acrylic resin and plant mulch on morphological characteristics of pistachio (Pistaciavera L.) in Gorpan rangeland, Esfarāyen
paria kamali gholamali heshmati Adel sepehri shervin ahmadi

Water scarcity issue and itscomplexity is found to be one of the problems in Iran. On the other hand, farming fruits species in the form of a rangeland project for resident nomads can be one of the solutions to livelihood of this group of stakeholders as well as to redu More

Water scarcity issue and itscomplexity is found to be one of the problems in Iran. On the other hand, farming fruits species in the form of a rangeland project for resident nomads can be one of the solutions to livelihood of this group of stakeholders as well as to reduce the number of livestock in the natural resource and rangelands. The present research shed lights on effect of mixing acrylic resin and nanoclay particle as a mulch on moisture absorption and retention as well as its impact on establishment of pistachio.Treatments include controls, plant mulch (rain-fed wheat straw) and polymer nano-composite 0%, 1% and 3% nanoclay - acrylic resin with 10 replicates for each treatment. Pistachio morphological traits (plant height, canopy area and number of leaves) were measured after one year after planting.Data analysis was performed using ANOVA and Duncan. The results showed no significant difference between treatments straw to control (at probability level of 5%) but other treatments (at probability level of 1%) had significant difference with control.All treatments treatment had significant difference to 3% nano-clay particles of acrylic resin so that the plant height, canopy area and number of leaves in treatment 3% nano-clay, acrylic resins were higher than other treatments. Manuscript profile

XML

List of Articles