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Open Access Article
1 - Analysis of barriers to tourism policy in the urban environments of Guilan Province
Nazanin Naim Abadi Farhad JavanGuilan urban environments with various natural, historical and cultural attractions, has an extraordinary talent for developing the tourism industry, But despite tourism policies and planning, it has not been able to develop in this area. In this regard, the purpose of MoreGuilan urban environments with various natural, historical and cultural attractions, has an extraordinary talent for developing the tourism industry, But despite tourism policies and planning, it has not been able to develop in this area. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to investigate the barriers to tourism policy in urban environments of Guilan. is The research method was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using contextual theory and FARAS model. The statistical population is also experts in the field of urban studies and tourism, Based on purposive sampling, 20 people were selected as the sample population. According to the grounded theory model, obstacles such as: lack of expertise, inadequate marketing, imitation of patterns incompatible with urban environments, problems in the chain of tourism services, problems of the administrative system and policy, lack of integrated tourism management within the organization Related issues, inadequacy of infrastructure and physical infrastructure, lack of use of specialized personnel were extracted, Using the fuzzy ARS model, respectively, the obstacles to the lack of integrated tourism management among organizations related to the weight of 0.490, the problems of the administrative system and policy with a weight of 0.488, imitation of patterns incompatible with urban environments with The weight of 0.477, the problems of the chain of tourism services and the inadequacy of infrastructure and physical infrastructure with the weight of 0.467, the inappropriate marketing with the amount of 0.463, the lack of specialized personnel with the weight of 0.458, the most and Have the least importance.Extended AbstractIntroduction: The tourism industry in the cities of Iran, in terms of climate diversity, culture and ancient history, the existence of many ancient monuments and natural and scenic attractions, has very high capabilities And it is always said that Iran is the tenth and one of the fifth countries in the world in the field of tourism, But after a few decades, it is still at the bend of the first alley and again, there are obstacles in the way of tourism policy in Iran and Iranian cities, including the cities of Guilan province. In this regard, the cities of the evergreen province of Guilan in the north of the country with pristine nature, beautiful mountains and boiling springs are the ecotourism capital of Iran and a thousand colors of nature and annually receive millions of domestic and foreign tourists. However, statistics and information show that the cities of Guilan province, despite the unique diversity of climate and geography and various attractions, has not been able to find its proper place from a national and international level And barriers to tourism policy in urban environments of Guilan province has become one of the main problems in this field. Therefore, in the present study, an attempt has been made to explore the barriers of tourism policy in urban environments of Guilan province, from the point of view of some elites.Methodology: The present research, in terms of purpose, is fundamental and applied and has an interpretive and analytical nature and in terms of method, is in the group of qualitative and quantitative research. Grounded theory method and FARAS model were used for data analysis. In this study, the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin was used for the data theory of the foundation. Since contextualization theory was based on a purely inductive method; Therefore, instead of testing existing theories, the researcher formulates a theory himself. Therefore, the studied variables were identified and explored based on the theoretical framework and categories. In this study, sampling went to the stage of theoretical saturation; Non- probability sampling was purposive sampling. A total of 20 in-depth interviews were conducted. Interviews (between 60 and 90 minutes) were recorded and recorded and transcribed immediately.Results and discussion: Qualitative findings showed that the semantic units of organizational incoherence and lack of proper governance as well as managerial instability and lack of long-term approach in the category of integrated tourism management among related organizations, semantic units lack of readiness and specialized capacity and knowledge and lack of link between universities. And tourism in the category of non-use of specialized forces, semantic unit of lack of quality of physical infrastructure in the semantic unit of inadequacy of physical infrastructure and infrastructure, semantic unit of lack of native pattern in the category of imitation of patterns incompatible with urban environments and semantic units of lack of illustration. Problems of branding and advertising in the category of inappropriate marketing and semantic units Lack of assignment of tourism development interests and finally weak competition-classification of services in the category of tourism service chain problems and finally semantic units of legal barriers and investment in the category of administrative system and policy problems Was placed. Furthermore, the results of FARAS model showed that barriers to integrated tourism management among organizations related to the weight of 0.490, problems of administrative system and policy with a weight of 0.488, imitation of patterns incompatible with urban environments with a weight of 0.477, problems of tourism services chain and inadequacy of infrastructure and physical infrastructure with a weight of 0.467, inappropriate marketing with a weight of 0.463, lack of specialized personnel with a weight of 0.458, the maximum and minimum Have taken on importance.Conclusion: Concluding remarks of this study, the issue of good implementation of tourism policy in urban environments of Guilan province indicates aspects and complex factors on this phenomenon in the context of optimal and integrated management, which requires accurate analysis of barriers to tourism policy. An important achievement of this research is the obstacles that can help policymakers and managers to fill the gaps and policy barriers in the urban environments of Guilan And help increase their understanding to create the necessary conditions for the successful and competitive development of Gilan province as a tourist destination. According to the obtained results, integrated tourism management in related organizations is the most important and most important obstacle in tourism policy in the cities of this province. Finally, the results of the research are consistent with the studies of Saeedi et al. (2012), Hosseini and Taghvaei (2012). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Formulation of effective policies on creating a network of urban green spaces with an emphasis on spatial justice (Case study: Twelve districts of Hamadan city)
Kianoosh Zakerhaghighi Meraj AshurlooFair access to urban uses and their optimal use, especially urban green space, is crucial in sustainable development and social justice. Most cities, huge cities, face a shortage of green space and imbalance in this type of use distribution. The spatial distribution of MoreFair access to urban uses and their optimal use, especially urban green space, is crucial in sustainable development and social justice. Most cities, huge cities, face a shortage of green space and imbalance in this type of use distribution. The spatial distribution of these land uses is considered as one of the important criteria in achieving spatial justice and it seems necessary to study in this field. This study investigates the issuance of green space, emphasizing spatial justice in the 12 districts of Hamadan. This research is applied and based on the descriptive-analytical method. To collect information from different library and field methods, review and compile statistics and information from the detailed plan of Hamadan has been obtained. The results of the network analysis model show that due to the distribution and functional radius of parks in urban areas, population centers do not have fair access to the services of these parks. Considering the population of 525,791 people in the city, for regional parks 58%, district parks 44%, neighborhood parks 85%, and neighborhood parks 6% of the city area are within reach of these parks. According to the results obtained from this study, it is suggested that due to the high share of acquisition and its cost in the construction of urban parks, public lands located in the city should be given priority for green spaces and parks to solve problems related to land acquisition or private ownership. Also, in constructing new urban parks, urban areas that do not have green space should be considered.Extended AbstractIntroduction: The rapid growth of urban development in previous decades has led to an imbalance in how urban land is used. The rapid growth of cities can be considered one of the biggest environmental threats, the effects of which will be transmitted to the inhabitants of cities, ie humans, and will have a destructive impact on the soul and body of urban humans. Urban parks have a social, economic, and ecological role. With benefits such as treatment of mental illness, a favorable environment for raising children, social integration, and maintaining comfort, these parks are also considered indicators for improving the quality of living space and community development. Fair access to urban uses and their optimal use, especially urban green areas, is critical in sustainable development and social justice. The establishment of urban parks is worth studying to affect the quality of urban life and promote sustainable development and the non-return of capital and profits for municipalities. Most cities, especially large cities, face a lack of green space and imbalances in this type of use distribution.Methodology: This study aims to investigate the distribution of green space, emphasizing spatial justice in the 12 districts of Hamadan. Methodology: This research is applied and based on the descriptive-analytical method. To collect information from different library and field methods, review and compile statistics and information from the detailed plan of Hamadan has been obtained. The analytical way of this paper is also a network analysis model.Results: The results of the network analysis model show that due to the distribution and functional radius of parks in urban areas, population centers do not have fair access to the services of these parks. According to the population of 525791 people, the urban parks were first leveled, and then the urban blocks were leveled based on the amount of access to parks and green spaces. The results show that parks with the regional performance of about 216485 residents do not have proper access to regional parks; for district parks, 290335 people are out of access to district park services, parks with neighborhood performance of about 77292 city residents outside the service radius of these parks are. For regional parks, 58%, district parks 44%, neighborhood parks 85%, and neighborhood parks, 6% of the city area are within reach of these parks.Discussion: According to the results obtained from this study, it is suggested that due to the high share of acquisition and its cost in the construction of urban parks, government lands located in the city should be given priority for green spaces and parks to solve problems related to land acquisition or private ownership. And reduce costs. Also, in constructing new urban parks, urban areas that do not have green space should be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Assessing the Impact of Shiraz Weekly Markets on Corona Outbreaks for Post-Corona Policy Making
yones gholami khodadoust askari somaee shahrokhiThe accident virus was reported in 2019 in Wuhan, China, and with a high ranking, it has affected the whole world and affected the lives of millions of people from various factors. The purpose of this research is. The statistical population of this study is all business MoreThe accident virus was reported in 2019 in Wuhan, China, and with a high ranking, it has affected the whole world and affected the lives of millions of people from various factors. The purpose of this research is. The statistical population of this study is all business owners in Shiraz in weekly markets. Cochran's formula was used for sampling and 180 samples were selected. The spatial domain of the research is the city of Shiraz and its temporal domain is September 1400. The method of data collection is a questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed in two sections: general and specific. The reliability of the Cronbach's alpha coefficient questionnaire was in the good category with a result of 0.887. Analysis and analytical statistics of the questionnaire including descriptive and inferential statistics were performed using SPSS software. The results showed that the virus has affected the lives of employees in Shiraz weekly markets several times. The results of the research based on t-test show that the level of significance of all components is less than 0.5, ie information on all components (employment, socio-cultural, financial, family, tourism, education, political and Psychological) had a significant effect (P <0.05) so that it has an effect on the components of money, finance and psychology and has the least effect on socio-cultural and political components This shows that in the post-corona era, we need comprehensive policies to address the economic problems of this group and prevent social vulnerability.Extended AbstractIntroduction: Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses and subsets of coronaviruses that range from the common cold virus to more acute illnesses such as SARS, Mers, and Covid. Coronaviruses were identified in the 1960s and continued to be studied until the mid-1980s. The virus is naturally prevalent in mammals and birds, yet seven coronaviruses have been detected in humans. The latest is the coronavirus Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-COV 2), which broke out in December 2019. In Iran, on February 20, 2017, due to the death of two patients with respiratory complications in Kamkar Hospital in Qom, the presence of this virus was detected in the country. As of March 30, 2017, 16 countries in Canada, Lebanon, the UAE, Bahrain, Kuwait, Afghanistan, Iraq, Oman, Pakistan, Georgia, China, Estonia, New Zealand, Belarus, the United Kingdom, and Azerbaijan have announced that they have identified people with coronavirus. They are of Iranian origin. These wide-ranging challenges require a management frameworkThe outbreak of coronavirus was reported in Wuhan, China in late 2019, and with its high prevalence rate, it has affected all countries of the world and affected the lives of millions of people in various dimensions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of coronavirus on weekly market jobs in Shiraz. The statistical population of this study is all business owners in the weekly markets of ShirazMethodology: The statistical population of this study is all business owners in the weekly markets of Shiraz. For sampling, which is the process of selecting a number of members of the statistical community as a sample, Cochran's formula was used and 100 samples were selected. The research area is the city of Shiraz, whose location in the country and the province is shown in Figure (1). Its temporal realm is September 1400. The method of data collection is a questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed in two parts: general and specific. The questions of the public sector include 10 questions (including age, work experience, education, gender, field of activity, etc.) and the questions of the private sector include employment index (6 questions), socio-cultural index (5 questions), index Financial (5 questions), Family index (6 questions), Tourism index (5 questions), Education index (3 questions), Political index (5 questions), Mental and physical index (5 questions) are on a five-point scale. Likerts are scored by choosing one of the quality options. In order to assess the accuracy of the questionnaire, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were checked. The validity of the questionnaire indicates that the questions in the questionnaire are designed in line with the objectives of the research and can properly measure the achievement of the objectives of the research. In order to check the validity of the research questionnaire, it should be said that in conducting the questions of this questionnaire, research related to the subject, related sites and news, and surveys of employees in this field have been used. To measure the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which is designed based on the internal coordination of items with each other and is known as one of the coefficients of reliability or reliability, was used. The reliability of the questionnaire of this study was measured by SPSS software, which is classified as good with a result of 0.887.Results and discussion: The results showed that the corona virus from different dimensions has affected the lives of employees in the weekly markets of Shiraz. The results of the research based on t-test show that the significance level of all components is less than 0.5, ie corona on all components (employment, socio-cultural, financial, family, tourism, education, political and Psychological) had a significant effect (P <0.05) so that the greatest impact on the components of employment, financial and psychological and the least impact on socio-cultural and political components, this indicates that in the post-coronary period need We are a comprehensive policy to solve the economic problems of this group and prevent social vulnerability.Conclusion: Findings of this study on the negative impact of corona on employment with the results of the study of Taherinia and Hassanvand (1399) in his study entitled "Economic consequences of Covid-19 disease on the Iranian economy; Emphasizing Employment »showed that the prevalence of corona has a decreasing trend in employment and an increase in unemployment is similar. Also, the findings of this study on the negative impact of corona on education, employment, socio-cultural components, and family with the results of Jajarmi faith study (1399), which is an article entitled "Social consequences of the outbreak of Coronavirus in Iranian society" showed that Corona in areas such as family and education, labor relations and some social groups such as women, children, small business owners and immigrants, It has the most negative consequences, it is consistent. Also, the findings of this study on the negative impact of Corona on employment with the results of the study of the Statistics Institute (2020) which is an article entitled "The impact of Coronavirus on Iranian businesses" showed the negative effects of Coronavirus on reducing production and Iranian businesses The findings of this study on the negative impact of Corona on employment are the same as the results of the study by Bartik et al. The findings of this study on the negative impact of corona on employment are related to the results of the Kosheleh study (2020), which showed in an article, entitled "The collapse of jobs and workers in India: the impact of the coronavirus". The coronavirus has had a negative impact on employment and business in India. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Investigating the effect and relationship between attachment to place and spatial identity in indigenous and non-indigenous people in three scales: city, neighborhood and home
yaghowb peyvastehgar zahra akbari Spatial attachment is an emotional connection that people make with certain places that they prefer to stay in and feel safe and secure in. Spatial identity, however, is defined as part of personal identity and is the pro More Spatial attachment is an emotional connection that people make with certain places that they prefer to stay in and feel safe and secure in. Spatial identity, however, is defined as part of personal identity and is the process by which people describe themselves as belonging to a particular place through interaction with places. Many studies have found a positive association between these variables in populations that have maintained continuous interactions over a long period of time. This article will present a study in which we have compared place attachment and place identity in samples that differ from place to place based on place of birth and length of stay and the size of these links. Despite the fact that the intensity of attachment and identity that is built with the place is hypothetically affected by the size of the environment. In order to explore the differences between the two associations and the size of the environment, we conducted a study in neighborhoods, cities, and homes. The results of the study show possible differences in place attachment and place identity between residents who were born in the city and residents who are originally from other cities. Also, the identity and attachment of the place are the same for the natives, while the people of other places give a higher score for the attachment instead of the identity. The sample includes 208 people (54.8% native and 45.2% from other cities). The results of the study enable us to consider that spatial attachment develops before spatial identity, and the connection to the house is stronger than the connection to the neighborhood, but the attachment and identity to the city is stronger than either. There is a higher level of attachment and identity in the city than at home and less in the neighborhood.Extended AbstractIntroduction: Spatial attachment is an emotional connection that people make with certain places that they prefer to stay in and feel safe and secure in. Spatial identity, however, is defined as part of personal identity and is the process by which people describe themselves as belonging to a particular place through interaction with places. Many studies have found a positive association between these variables in populations that have maintained continuous interactions over a long period of time. This article will present a study in which we have compared place attachment and place identity in samples that differ from place to place based on place of birth and length of stay and the size of these links. Despite the fact that the intensity of attachment and identity that is built with the place is hypothetically affected by the size of the environment. In order to explore the differences between the two associations and the size of the environment, we conducted a study in neighborhoods, cities, and homes.Methodology: To examine the primary purpose of the study in general to compare between indigenous and non-indigenous in identity characteristics in three scales of place (home, neighborhood, city) and characteristics of attachment to place in three scales of place (home, neighborhood, city) using From the variance model f of SPSS software, the comparison of means is investigated. Then, in the secondary purpose of the research, the effect of each of the place scales (house, neighborhood, city) on the place identity index and attachment to the place and also the effect of the total place identity index on place attachment by determining the coefficient of each Features of AMOS software will also be discussed. Data collection was done through a questionnaire. The interviews conducted were semi-structured and semi-organized, the main means of inferring information, although the observer of the participant was also used. The statistical population in this study used 250 families who migrated to Shiraz from other cities for various reasons and stayed in this city for different periods of time. The selection of participants with different years of residence helped us to assess the extent of the change in attachment to the environment and their respective spatial identities during the transition during these courses. The questions were formulated in the form of a questionnaire based on key topics and characteristics of attachment to place, spatial identity and transfer process. They gave the supplier. However, there were specific key questions in each set of interviews, allowing for deductive ease. The interviews were one-on-one and then SPSS and AMOS software were used for statistical analysis. According to the answers given for each person, according to the content of the questionnaire, the degree of attachment and identity of the place were examined.Results and discussion: In evaluating the impact of different scales of house, neighborhood and city on identity among natives and non-natives, we concluded that the highest level of identity among natives compared to the city, then home and finally the least impact on neighborhood and the highest level of identity Mandi in non-natives also had a house relative to the city, then a house and finally to a neighborhood, but as a result of the research, the neighborhood identity in natives is higher than non-natives and also in a native city is higher than non-natives. Its impact on non-natives is greater than that of natives. In evaluating the impact of different scales of home, neighborhood and city on attachment among natives and non-natives, we concluded that the highest degree of attachment among natives to the house, then the neighborhood and finally the least impact on the city and the highest degree of attachment to non-natives. To the house, then the city and finally to the neighborhood, but as a result of research, the degree of attachment of the neighborhood in the natives is higher than non-natives and also in the house of the natives is higher than non-natives, but the identity of the city is more effective in non-natives Is from the natives.In examining the relationship between attachment and identity in both indigenous and non-indigenous cases, it reports a high degree of correlation and the standard values in the research results, reaching the desirability, indicate that the research is standard and the errors are minimal.Conclusion:As belonging to a place grows, people begin to define themselves by place on three scales, on a larger scale such as country or nationality, region, province, city, and on a smaller scale city components such as district, neighborhood, and smaller scale. Workplace, home, room. Neighborhood and communication among people through public values and the length of time individuals live, strengthens social relations and increases the sense of belonging and thus the sense of community. Therefore, residents who live in a place for a long time have enough time to identify a place, so the length of residence potentially increases the attachment to the place. Places and spaces are also potentially important symbols of the person or group that convey the concept of ownership and preserve individual and group aspects of identity, so the physical characteristics of the place are understood and identified for the person through symbols and signs. And it is the community that defines the relationship between place and people and the identity of place, and reinforces mental compatibility, the degree of homogeneity of values and lifestyles that are symbolically expressed by a place with its values and way of life. The more mental compatibility there is, the more likely it is that spatial affiliation will occur. In fact, the socio-cultural meanings of a place connect individuals and groups to the environment. Therefore, in fact, the residential environment or home can be the place of expression of individual identity and the neighborhood and especially the city is the place of manifestation of their social identity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Investigating and prioritizing the factors affecting the provision of sustainable income sources in Arak Municipality
hamideh abbasi ameneh malmir abbas shahabadi farahani mohammad hosein abbasi Objective: Developing countries often have an inefficient economic system and lack mechanisms for citizen participation in financing cities, so the municipal revenue system in these countries usually focuses on unsustaina More Objective: Developing countries often have an inefficient economic system and lack mechanisms for citizen participation in financing cities, so the municipal revenue system in these countries usually focuses on unsustainable sources of income. The purpose of this study was to investigate and prioritize the factors affecting the provision of sustainable income sources. Method: The present study was a research-based study in terms of purpose, an applied- type research in terms of research achievement, and a survey in terms of research strategy. The statistical population of this study included 220 managers, deputies and senior experts of Arak Municipality. Due to the limited population, no sampling was done and a questionnaire was distributed among all members. Results: In this study, in order to prioritize the effective factors to provide sustainable municipal revenue sources, Friedman test has been used. The results showed that the average rank of the factors affecting the sustainable sources of municipal revenue include: increase in toll rates on land value, public tolls, municipal-citizen financial relations, government grants, environmental pollution tolls and tolls on communications, respectively. Transportation has been.Extended AbstractIntroduction: From the point of view of urban economy, with the increase of urban population and rising expectations of people, the need to expand financial resources and income increases. Therefore, among the various sectors of urban management, the provision of financial resources and revenue of municipalities is of particular importance. Making money in municipalities is one of the things that has a major impact on providing urban services to citizens. If municipalities are not able to generate sufficient and sustainable revenue, they will not be able to build and operate the necessary facilities in the city. Although the financial resources of municipalities are available in different ways, not all of them have the characteristics of stable incomes. Sustainability in revenues requires, firstly, that these items have a relative continuity and, secondly, that the acquisition of these revenues does not endanger the quality of the city. Therefore, achieving new methods of providing sustainable and reliable income sources without economic, social and political consequences will play a very effective role in the satisfaction of urban society, accelerating the development of urban fabric and good management of cities. In general, municipalities in all countries seek to create a scientific and operational system to earn money and try to use this system and complementary solutions to minimize their revenue fluctuations. In the meantime, the important point to be paid is the proportionality of municipal duties and their sources of income. Due to the increasing development of cities and the expansion of urbanization, the duties of municipalities, especially metropolitan municipalities, in matters related to providing services to citizens have increased and have become wider, which is necessary to earn more money. If the municipalities are not able to generate sufficient and sustainable income, they will face many difficulties in carrying out services related to the service and the high needs of the city. Therefore, considering that most of the revenue sources of municipalities are unstable and are provided through the issuance of construction permits, density sales and change of use of urban lands and properties, the need to turn to such resources is undeniable; Because in the event of a recession in the housing market; Will face severe budget cuts; This can push the municipality to the brink of bankruptcy. Since urban expenditures are sustainable, but municipal revenues are unsustainable, earning income from sustainable sources strengthens municipalities and makes their role in urban management more active and useful, and causes a proper response to the needs of Citizens in urban areas. Therefore, achieving new methods of providing sustainable income sources will play a very effective role in citizen satisfaction, accelerating the development and development of urban areas and ultimately the optimal management of cities. In view of the above, the present study seeks to investigate what are the sources of sustainable revenue for the municipality that are commensurate with its structure and tasks, and what is their prioritization?Methodology: The present study is a developmental research in terms of purpose. Also, this research is applied in terms of achievement or research result and in terms of research strategy used. In this research, first, the researcher has studied the theoretical literature of research and other researches in this field to identify the factors affecting the provision of sustainable income sources, and in the second stage, the identified factors have been prioritized. In this study, in order to increase the validity of the questionnaire, the CVR content validity ratio has been used. Cronbach's alpha method was used to calculate the reliability. The statistical population of this study included managers, deputies and senior experts of Arak Municipality. Therefore, due to the limited population of the study population to 220 people, no sampling was done and a questionnaire was distributed among all members, and finally 191 questionnaires were completed. Friedman test was used to rank the factors affecting sustainable income.Results and discussion: In the present study, first, the researcher has identified the effective factors by studying the theoretical literature of the research and other researches in this field, and in the second stage, the identified factors have been prioritized. The results obtained show that the level of significance obtained is less than 0.05, so with 95% confidence we can say that the effective indicators in the indicators of sustainable income sources in the municipality of Arak have the same priority. Do not have. According to Friedman test, the average ranking of factors affecting the sustainable sources of municipal revenue include: increase in toll rates on land value, public tolls, municipal-citizen financial relations, government grants, environmental pollution tolls and tolls on communications and transportation, respectively. And has been quoted .Conclusion: In developing countries, including Iran, due to the inefficiency of economic systems, the municipal revenue system is mainly drawn to unsustainable sources of income. This issue has become more pronounced in Iran after the implementation of the policy of self-sufficiency of municipalities and has occurred more severely than in other cities, especially in the city of Arak; Therefore, how to provide sustainable urban financial resources is one of the most important challenges facing politicians and urban planners, and with the increasing need for public services in cities and the financial constraints of municipalities, this challenge is increasing day by day. All municipalities, on the one hand, are concerned with increasing their revenues and controlling their expenses, and on the other hand, due to revenue constraints, they are not able to finance many urban projects. To make urban investments. The second challenge of the system is that this system will be desirable when in the conditions of fluctuations of municipal resources or government resources, municipal revenues for various functions and uses are not affected by these developments, so having a stable income to finance the launch of services Public is one of the requirements of municipalities because today's urban life has very high costs for municipalities and is added to it every day, so the optimal management of cities and providing appropriate services to citizens and leading development projects requires access to sustainable sources of income. And it is up-to-date, which is why increasing municipal revenue requires increasing efficiency in current methods of revenue generation or the search for new sources of revenue, which in this study refers to a number of sustainable revenue sources. The results of the present study with the research results of Haji Lou et al. (2017); Danesh Jafari et al. (2014; Mahmoudi et al. (2011) have been in line. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Evaluation of urban space based on the adaptation of physical, mental and social space (Case study: Chamran Park, Shiraz)
ali akbar heidari mehdi TarfieeThe quality of urban space is a sign of the quality of the environment. Due to the complex nature of urban spaces, appropriate methods can be used to evaluate them according to the approach of each research; Urban space evaluation can be done based on a set of criteria MoreThe quality of urban space is a sign of the quality of the environment. Due to the complex nature of urban spaces, appropriate methods can be used to evaluate them according to the approach of each research; Urban space evaluation can be done based on a set of criteria and criteria that have been presented by different experts, it is also possible to evaluate urban space at different levels and layers in which the compliance or non-compliance of different levels of successful criterion evaluation or Considering the failure of urban space, this research has been done with the aim of evaluating urban space in three levels of physical, mental and social space and in two macro and micro scales and Lefebvre theory of artistic space production has been considered as the basic theory. Chamran Shiraz site has been selected as a evaluation platform for this study due to its size, extensive capabilities and multifunctionality. The type of combined research and research method is exploratory and inductive strategy using direct observation tactics and reviewing the structure of the site and analyzing the information and presenting a questionnaire to experts and non-experts.NAmong the results of this study is that the multifunctionality of space and the extent of capabilities at different levels of physical, mental and social evaluation can indicate the richness of space so that the space according to the time and social conditions have shown appropriate reactions and Even in the face of possible conflicts and contradictions, it can show an acceptable function in general and accept new functions and roles in proportion to social changes over time, and this is a capability that not every urban space has in itself and can be extracted. Features of an urban space that makes it capable of adapting to different conditions were used in future designs.Extended AbstractIntroduction: ban space is a sign of the quality of the environment. Due to the complex nature of urban spaces, appropriate methods can be used to evaluate them according to the approach of each research; Urban space evaluation can be done based on a set of criteria and criteria that have been presented by different experts, it is also possible to evaluate urban space at different levels and layers in which the compliance or non-compliance of different levels of successful criterion evaluation or Considering the failure of urban space, this research has been done with the aim of evaluating urban space in three levels of physical, mental and social space and in two macro and micro scales and Lefebvre theory of artistic space production has been considered as the basic theory.Methodology: This research is of exploratory type and based on inductive strategy and with a qualitative method seeks to study and evaluate urban space at different levels and the conformity or non-conformity of these different levels; The research method is using direct observation tactics and examining the structure of the site and analyzing the information and presenting a questionnaire to users as well as specialists. To conduct the research, after extracting the research components, one hundred questionnaires were prepared and distributed by open method. The statistical population was randomly selected from two groups of experts and ordinary people.The questionnaire questions were designed in such a way that they could receive all the points of view of the audience in both open and closed sections. The open-ended questions, which were mostly accompanied by descriptive answers or, if necessary, interviews, were designed to elicit the audience's mentality without brainstorming. These questions were mainly intended for general evaluation. In the closed questions section, through the five Liked spectrum, questions were asked so that the details of the site and partial evaluation in the three levels of physical, mental and social space that is the basis of this research, could be asked. Finally, it was considered that the purpose of this work was to measure the overall evaluation of the site by both open and closed question methods and the conformity or non-conformity of these two types of questions in order to measure the accuracy of the test. The questionnaire used in this research is a researcher whose validity of the questions was checked and confirmed in consultation with experts. Also, the reliability of the closed questions was measured through Cronbach's alpha in SPSS software and the number 0.796 was obtained. Shows the top.Results and discussion: The general mental space (mental schema) of the respondents towards this site is mainly around two axes and fluctuates. Physically and visually, it is due to the speed of cars and the presence of elements such as hospitals on the site, but in general, a positive mental atmosphere has been reported towards the site, which can result in a high desire to be present. Confirms the presence and widespread use of citizens from different walks of life and age from this environment for leisure, proximity to the old gardens of the city, good weather, good view of the mountain and the passage of the dry river of Shiraz along this The site, as well as proper access to it, is very effective in creating this positive mental space, and this has created a general conclusion in the minds of a large part of the audience that when they hear the name of this site, they will remember the above-mentioned keywords and This has led to a general assessment of the relative Have a successful and acceptable it and have a positive and fun feeling about the site in the minds of a large part of the audience.Despite the existence of recreational and leisure mentality towards the site, in the physical layer of the main function of the site by the respondents, first the communication function and then the recreational function was mentioned. Shiraz and the irreplaceability of this role in the structure of Shiraz city paid attention, so the physical space is some distance from the mental space governing the site and there is no full compliance in this area.Conclusion: According to the research findings, the adaptation of general and partial evaluation in three layers of objective, subjective and social can be a significant way in evaluating the environment and its quality and effectiveness. In this research, Chamran Shiraz site was evaluated according to the above method. Due to the functional diversity and breadth of the site structure, as well as the large number of visits that occur in order to perform a wide range of activities, conflicts and contradictions can be seen in this site, which can be positive and successful over time. Will affect and the results of the questionnaires will prove the same. What is certain is that in marginal parks (similar to Chamran Shiraz site) due to the elongation and linearity and also the small width of the site compared to its length, both in the riding and pedestrian sections, as well as in the location of the building with various functions available on the site. , Although the dominance of the riding axis on the pedestrian axis, although it increases the traffic on the site and its prosperity, but if not properly controlled and planned, it can affect the recreational function of the site, which can be prevented. Consider measures such as creating a sloping axis between the communication axis (riding) and the recreational axis (pedestrian) that can adjust the speed and acceleration caused by the movement of cars. It is also possible to prevent the transmission of severe noise pollution in the recreational axis of the site by creating a layer of trees or other noise barriers.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Analysis Jurisdiction of the Article 12 Urban Land Commission in accordance with the procedure of the courts in relation to government policy for public welfare
Farzad Karimi khanjari mahdi hashemi golijani Land in recent decades has become the most important factor in growth and development, especially the development of cities, the government to obtain the land needed for urban development has to adopt special policies tailored to the More Land in recent decades has become the most important factor in growth and development, especially the development of cities, the government to obtain the land needed for urban development has to adopt special policies tailored to the conditions of the country. According to Islamic law, the mortal land does not belong to a specific person and is given to the Islamic government. In this regard, the Urban Land Law in 1981 and the Urban Land Law in 1987 were approved by the parliament and caused many lands to be owned by the government. In the same years, it caused a major change in the development of cities, the provision of public welfare and the provision of housing needed by the government. The purpose of this study is to examine the scope of jurisdiction of the Article 12 Commission in accordance with the practical procedure of the courts and the extent to which the Commission has been able to achieve the government's policy objectives for urban development and public welfare. This research has been compiled by analytical-descriptive method and in the form of a library. The results of this research show that the said commission has limited competence and only has jurisdiction in determining the type of land. Most cases are challenged and this shows that in practice in recent years it has not been able to meet the government's goals in policy-making for public welfare and urban development, and there is a need for a major overhaul of Article 12 of the Urban Land Law.Extended AbstractIntroduction: In today's society, land plays an important role in the development of the city, ensuring the public welfare and well-being of the people, and land can be considered as a national wealth. Given that the population is growing, regulations, policies and criteria are necessary for the public interest To be considered in this regard. The construction of housing for citizens, especially the poor, and the well-being of citizens is needed, so that suitable and cheap land is available to the government (related institutions such as municipalities), so that it can implement appropriate policies for urban development and welfare; The government to obtain the land needed to implement its policies, including urban land policy; Attempted to abolish the ownership of mortal lands and seize this type of land; Therefore, identifying the type of lands and their development is one of the most important issues for which a basic task was determined after the revolution. The mortal lands themselves are divided into two groups: the mortal lands outside the city limits, which are used to create new settlements of this type of land, and it is the responsibility of the Ministry of Agriculture to determine whether it is mortal. The second category is urban mortality, which is located within cities and its determination is the responsibility of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development according to the Urban Land Law. Put that the commission is called Article 12 urban landMethodology: The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. The information is collected through a review of texts, documents, documents and Internet sites. To better understand the subject, for example, the city of Shiraz has been studied as part of the research and tables and maps have been used in this article.Results and discussion: Various laws have been enacted so far regarding mortal lands, the most important of which has been the law on the abolition of ownership of vacant lands. According to the Shari'a rulings, the mortal land must be in the possession of the government, and for this reason, on 5/8/1358, the law on the abolition of ownership of urban mortal lands was approved by the Revolutionary Council. Shortly afterwards, the Urban Land Law was passed by the parliament in 1981 and then the Urban Land Law in 1987. Article 12 of the Urban Land Law leaves it to the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development to determine the type of land to be barren or dead, which also performs this task by forming a commission called the Article 12 Commission. All relevant agencies that are in any way related to urban lands, are obliged to inquire with the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development about the type of land before taking the necessary measures, unless the type of land has already been specified. The procedure in the commission is as follows: first, the place of visit is visited and the necessary investigations are carried out, and after receiving the defenses of the owners and reviewing the documents and aerial maps, it proceeds to issue a vote. Given that the government is in dire need of adequate land within the cities to build housing and create welfare for its citizens, the decisions taken by the Article 12 Commission are very important; Because if it is determined that the land is mortal, these lands will be given to the government. Urban development is directly related to this issue; Because the more suitable and sufficient land is available to municipalities and related institutions, the greater the capacity to increase the level of welfare and services to citizens. For example, the level of welfare of citizens in one region of Shiraz is more than other regions, which was found in surveys, which in the above areas of the municipality has been able to create more urban facilities than other areas; This is due to the fact that in addition to the necessary budget, it requires sufficient, suitable and cheap land for the relevant institutions. Courts prevent, it is very important; But in practice, because the decisions of the commission can be appealed, in almost all cases, they are challenged by the parties, and the commission that was supposed to take the burden off the courts, the same cases are re-formed in the courts, and in a way In most cases, public confidence in the rulings of the courts is more apparent than citing the decisions of the commission. Litigation also comes at a cost to the protester again and prolongs the process of determining the type of land. The rulings issued by the courts to challenge the decisions of the Commission to annul them are in most cases different in similar cases, and the reason for these differences in the issuance of different rulings in similar cases was the lack of appropriate criteria in dealing with mortal lands. Of course, with the issuance of unanimous votes of various procedures, these differences have been reduced to some extent.Conclusion: According to Article 12 of the Urban Land Law, the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development is responsible for separating barren lands from dead lands. Therefore, by examining the function and competence of the commission in relation to this type of land, it leads us to the conclusion that the principles of fair trial in the commission are not in accordance with the current laws of the country and the procedure of different courts and this institution should be an administrative institution. Dedicate the dispute resolution procedure in accordance with the standards of today's judicial process so that differences of taste in the issuance of votes are minimized. The manner of handling in this institution does not meet the needs of the community, and perhaps in general, a fundamental review should be done in handling the cases covered by Article 12 of the Urban Land Law. The administrative body should be designed by reviewing the relevant laws, which should be more non-formal and its votes should be final. However, almost all incoming cases are referred to the Article 12 Urban Land Commission for appeal to a court of law, and in practice the formation of this convention is of no use except to impose exorbitant costs. Therefore, the institution to be designed must have the same power and jurisdiction as the court of law, while being non-formal. Manuscript profile
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