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List of Articles
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Open Access Article
1 - The Influences of Ancient Iranian Culture on Islamic Culture in the Abbasid Period
Qasem Ahmadi Fatemeh Lajevardi Mohammad reza AdliArab Muslims' familiarity with Iranian culture and civilization after the conquest, influenced the lifestyle of Muslims especially Abbasid caliphs. On the other hand, there was a big change in Iranian' situation. They had opportunity to enter the caliphate and take over MoreArab Muslims' familiarity with Iranian culture and civilization after the conquest, influenced the lifestyle of Muslims especially Abbasid caliphs. On the other hand, there was a big change in Iranian' situation. They had opportunity to enter the caliphate and take over the affairs of the country. This has made them to appear in the political arena. Also, the transfer of Abbasid political center to the center of historical land of Iran, more than ever influenced the revival of Iranian element in this period. This historical process paved the way for the emergence of Persian language in the bureaucratic system and translating Persian texts to Arabic. Therefore, we are seeing a large number of Iranian scientists in the scientific and their instance on preserving Iranian traditions like the Nowruz and Mehregan celebrities. Hence, the present article attempts to express cultural impact of Iranian on Muslims in the Abbasid caliphate and make it clear what is called the Iranian Islamic culture in Iran what has been related to ancient Iranian culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Meditation (Dhyana) in Mahayana Buddhism based on Śūrańgama Sūtra
Sepideh Afrashteh Aboulfazl MahmoudiIn most mystical traditons, an important part of spiritual journey is meditation, known as Dhyana in Buddhism. Dhyana is a practice for concentrating mind so the observer detaches from distractions. In Buddhism, Dhyana is the ground of Samadhi and it is the most basic m MoreIn most mystical traditons, an important part of spiritual journey is meditation, known as Dhyana in Buddhism. Dhyana is a practice for concentrating mind so the observer detaches from distractions. In Buddhism, Dhyana is the ground of Samadhi and it is the most basic method for purifying the mind and preparing it for attaining illumination and nirvana. All Buddhist sects are convinced that this is the foundation of their rituals. It is believed that the corner stone of Buddhism is direct experience of the Ultimate Reality, rather than textual or philosophical studies; and this experience is not achieved except with Dhyana. In this way Śūrańgama sūtra is one of the most important sūtras which describes different methods and teachings of meditation, for all various Buddhist schools. The main purpose of this article is to explain the quiddity, importance, basics, aims and methods of Dhyana in the Mahayana Buddhism based on Śūrańgama sūtra. We try to answer these questions with the analytical method based on the materials presented in the text, as well as reviewing various findings of other researchers of the Mahayana school. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Mystical principles: Possibility or Refusal
Maryam Emami Shahram PazoukiOne of the important issues that we face in studying different branches of Islamic sciences such as jurisprudence, theology and philosophy is that these sciences have general principles and the scholars of these sciences describe issues and remove doubts according to th MoreOne of the important issues that we face in studying different branches of Islamic sciences such as jurisprudence, theology and philosophy is that these sciences have general principles and the scholars of these sciences describe issues and remove doubts according to these principles. The question now is whether Islamic mysticism is no exception to this issue and has principles or not, and secondly, if it has principles, what is the origin of mystical principles? In this article, firstly, the principle is defined and the main elements of the principle in religious sciences are determined. Then, based on mystical texts, including theoretical mysticism and practical mysticism, the existence or non-existence of principles is examined. This review shows Islamic mysticism, as a science, also has general principles, and secondly, these principles are either directly derived from Quranic verses and hadiths or indirectly based on their meanings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The Nature and Degree of Bhakti in Chaitanya's Thought
Mahdie Aminzadeh Gohari Aboulfazl MahmoudiChaitanya (1585-1485) is one of the prominent figures of the Vaishnavite Hinduism. Some of the believers consider him the embodiment of Krishna. Bhakti is the path of love and devotion, and according to the followers of this path, only through Bhakti one can achieve the MoreChaitanya (1585-1485) is one of the prominent figures of the Vaishnavite Hinduism. Some of the believers consider him the embodiment of Krishna. Bhakti is the path of love and devotion, and according to the followers of this path, only through Bhakti one can achieve the knowledge of God. From Chaitanya's point of view, love is divided into five categories: Shanta Rati (quiet and gentle love), Dasia Rati (love based on service), Sakia Rati (respectful love), Vatsalia Rati (fatherly and motherly love), and Madhuria Rati (marital love). In this article, an attempt has been made to answer the question of what is the nature of this love and what is the method of reaching the highest degrees of Bhakti from the perspective of Chaitanya? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The Relation between Myth and Religion in the Perspective of Max Müller
Abbas Rahimi Ghorban Elmi Abolghasem Esmailpour MotlaghThe connection between religion and myth in a scientific background has opened the way for human beings to become acquainted with a collection of beliefs and find their origin. This event progressed faster from the end of the eighteenth century, and with the activity of MoreThe connection between religion and myth in a scientific background has opened the way for human beings to become acquainted with a collection of beliefs and find their origin. This event progressed faster from the end of the eighteenth century, and with the activity of famous scientists in the following centuries, the hidden aspects of myth and religion became more apparent. Undoubtedly one of those famous scientists is Max Müller. Müller was one of the pioneers of scientific and comparative studies of religion and myth in the nineteenth century. And was influenced by philology, idealism, positivism and Eastern beliefs, especially India. He developed important theories about myth and religion that were considered and criticized by many of his contemporaries. Given the importance of Müller's theories in studies of myth and religion, in this article we have tried to examine the relation between myth and religion from Müller's perspective in a descriptive-analytical manner. Müller believed that the origin of myth is in the naming of natural phenomena, and he believed that religion (religious form) came into being when the "name" became sacred. That is, from inside the myth. He believed in the infinite but believed that it originated in nature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Heresy and Orthodoxy in Early Christianity with According to Walter Bauer's Work
Mehran Rahbari Shahram PazoukiChristianity emerged from the Strict Jewish religion and over time they gradually parted ways. The Early Church Fathers’ Writings confirm that the dimensions of orthodoxy were drew and considered other ideas as heresy. They saw their view as the only correct readi MoreChristianity emerged from the Strict Jewish religion and over time they gradually parted ways. The Early Church Fathers’ Writings confirm that the dimensions of orthodoxy were drew and considered other ideas as heresy. They saw their view as the only correct reading of Christianity that was consistent with the teachings of Jesus and the apostles, and emphasized the struggle against heretics. The advent of Christian rule in the fourth century increased the power of the church and narrowed the field to others. Until the last century, this belief that early Christianity did not have diversity and that the views of the Church of Rome were the only correct reading was accepted by scholars. But Walter Bauer, a scholar of early Christianity, criticized this theory in his book. He tried to reconsider the definition of early Christianity from a historical point of view, independent of the views of the Catholic Church, by presenting various evidences. According to his research, Christianity has been diverse from the beginning, and we are witnessing the existence of "types of Christianity." The Church of Rome did not tolerate them and tried to eradicate their other beliefs, which accelerated with the Christianization of the Roman Empire. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Feminine Embodiment of Divine Wisdom in Judaism and Buddhism
Maryamsadat SiahpooshStudying about the feminine aspect of God in various religions is one of the topics that has been discussed in feminist theology and it could promotes the status of women in the religious community. One of the important issues in this field is the feminine embodiment of MoreStudying about the feminine aspect of God in various religions is one of the topics that has been discussed in feminist theology and it could promotes the status of women in the religious community. One of the important issues in this field is the feminine embodiment of divine wisdom. This female divine figure has a prominent place in the two religions, namely, Judaism and Buddhism. The embodied feminine wisdom has appeared in Judaism as Hakhma or Shekhina and in Buddhism as Prajnaparamita. Since these religions are known as the oldest and most popular religions in the world, it is very important to study about the embodied divine wisdom in its feminine form. Moreover, the impact of this issue on the religious community has been cleared. This research tries to discuss the evolution of this concept in these two religious traditions, its dimensions and social function. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Mystical and Moral thoughts of Ibn Paquda and Ghazali according to their Works: Duties of the Heart and The Revival of the Religious Sciences
Hossein Alijafari Tahereh HajebrahimiThe purpose of the present investigation is a comparative study of the mystical reflections and ethical thoughts of the Qazali and Bahya according to their books: The Revival of the Religious Sciences and Duties of the Heart. The pivotal question is what mystical, theol MoreThe purpose of the present investigation is a comparative study of the mystical reflections and ethical thoughts of the Qazali and Bahya according to their books: The Revival of the Religious Sciences and Duties of the Heart. The pivotal question is what mystical, theological and ethical thoughts can one emerge from the works of Bahya and Qazali? The results shows a significant similarities between the structure of Qazali’s and Bahya theological and mystical thoughts. Although we could not assume that Bahya's work is entirely an imitation of Qazali’s mystical poems and books, it somehow echoes Qazali’s teachings. Bahya describes the religious acts as the Duties of The Heart, and these are consisted of the internal piety and full-fledged adherence to the religious master. There are some traces of Ikhvān al-Sāfā and Plotinus in his writings. Thus Bahya's thoughts has so many similarities with Muslims’ mystics and specially Sufis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Abrahamic Faith in Christianity and Islam
Amin Moradi Mahmoud Reza Esfaandiar Abdul Hussein LatifiToday, the term "Abrahamic faith" is widely used in interfaith dialogue, but so far the term has not been seriously criticized verbally; this article seeks to do just that. The "Abrahamic religions" are Judaism, Christianity and Islam; however, this article will focus j MoreToday, the term "Abrahamic faith" is widely used in interfaith dialogue, but so far the term has not been seriously criticized verbally; this article seeks to do just that. The "Abrahamic religions" are Judaism, Christianity and Islam; however, this article will focus just on Christianity and Islam. Our purpose in this article is to survey the term "Abrahamic faith" by assessing the different levels of the use of the term among scholars in the field of religion. For this, it is necessary to examine the theological connection between Christianity and Islam. The purpose of this study is to show the coherence and discontinuity of the teachings of Christianity and Islam, which requires a careful study. This study of "Abrahamic faith" concludes with a reference to its problematic nature, and constructive reflections on interfaith dialogue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The Book of Daniel as an Apocalyptic Literature: Features and Symbols
Fatemeh Maghsoudian Leila Hooshangi Azadeh RezaeiThe Bible, as a literary work, has a variety of literary genres that one of their most important genres is called “apocalyptic genre. The book of Daniel, writing at the end of second century BC, is known as one of the earliest Jewish apocalypses which like other a MoreThe Bible, as a literary work, has a variety of literary genres that one of their most important genres is called “apocalyptic genre. The book of Daniel, writing at the end of second century BC, is known as one of the earliest Jewish apocalypses which like other apocalyptic writings has an unknown writer (Pseudonymity). One of the important feature of apocalyptic writing is symbolic expression which includes subjects such as the cosmogony, eschatology, prophesizing the world catastrophes, the resurrection, the final judgment of man and of the world. The present study is seeking to point to background of this research considering the importance of apocalyptic literature in Bible studies. Also this article seeks to point to introduce and express the characteristics of these genre and examine the common general forms and contents of the apocalypses. Moreover specially pay attention to the symbols of the Book of Daniel to the roots and uses in other Hebrew and non-Hebrew literature. This book is one of wisdom books which has been written for teaching wisdoms and moral values. Thus, such texts attract the readers to think more about symbolic concept of them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Transcendental Suffering or Post-traumatic Growth: A Comparative Study of the Possibility of Post-Divorce Growth in Islam and Positive Psychology
Atefeh Najafizadeh Roshank Kodabakhsh Pirkalani Azam Farah BijariIn the religious worldview and in the religion of Islam in particular there is the concept that suffering that a person suffers in life is not vain, but can be a ground for human growth; a concept in positivist psychology that is called post-traumatic growth. Examining MoreIn the religious worldview and in the religion of Islam in particular there is the concept that suffering that a person suffers in life is not vain, but can be a ground for human growth; a concept in positivist psychology that is called post-traumatic growth. Examining the verses and hadiths, we find that although divorce is a reprehensible thing in Islam, but in a situation where the main purpose of marriage, which is to provide peace for the couple, is not achieved, the divorce is permitted. Psychological findings show that in a situation where the quality of marriage is very low, divorce can increase the psychological well-being of individuals. Insisting on continuing to live together has many consequences for incompatible couples, and this is where the issue of divorce arises. But divorce, despite its negative consequences, can lead to positive changes in individuals, including a deeper understanding of life, the development of meaningful relationships with family and friends, a sense of inner strength, a change in life priorities. Given the inevitability of divorce, it is necessary to study carefully all aspects of divorce, including its positive consequences, to provide the grounds for the formation of growth after divorce. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - "Blessing" and its Role in Building of Jewish Identity in the Pentateuch
Sepideh Vahidnia Arastoo Mirani Yahya SabbaghchiOne of the important social functions of religion is identity building. Religions determine characteristics for their followers that by creating similarities and differences with others, create correlations between them and distinguish them from others. In this way, the MoreOne of the important social functions of religion is identity building. Religions determine characteristics for their followers that by creating similarities and differences with others, create correlations between them and distinguish them from others. In this way, they define the identity of their followers by creating a border between insiders and others. In historical religions, this process of identification continues in the context of history. Jewish identity, as an ethnic-religious identity, has been formed throughout history and is still subject to ambiguity and controversy to this day. The Pentateuch, the basis of the Old Testament, describes the birth and formation of the Jewish people. In this text, several components and processes can be found that play a role in the construction of Jewish identity, including the covenant, the patriarchs, the choice, the ethnicity, the law, etc. "Blessing" is also one of these components. In this article, with an interdisciplinary approach, the function of blessing as an identity-making process in the text of Pentateuch is explained and analyzed. Blessing is shown to be related to the definition of ethnic boundaries, concepts, and religious institutions, and to the definition of Jewish identity. Manuscript profile
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