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List of Articles
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Open Access Article
1 - Tree Species Identification using RGB Time Series and Multispectral Images Obtained from UAV
Mojdeh Miraki هرمز سهرابیDetailed information on forest combination is required for many environmental, monitoring, and forest protection purposes. The link between ecology and remote sensing provides valuable information for the study of forest trees to facilitate the study of ecosystem perfor MoreDetailed information on forest combination is required for many environmental, monitoring, and forest protection purposes. The link between ecology and remote sensing provides valuable information for the study of forest trees to facilitate the study of ecosystem performance and to measure the spatial distribution of vegetation. In recent years, the use of modern remote sensing methods and techniques based on UAVs have been used for regular updating of forest inventory. In this research, different data sources including multi-spectral and RGB images with very high spatial resolution, were used for tree species recognition in plain forests of Noor City located in Mazandaran province. Also, taking images was performed in the growing season to prepare a time series of UAV-RGB images for investigating the effect of tree crown phonological changes on classification accuracy. Following orthomosaic generation, RGB (NGB, NRB) and multi-spectral (NDVI, CIgreen) indices were calculated and the random forest classification method was used for forest species classification. Based on single-time images, late April images provided the highest overall accuracy (75%). However, the results of the time series obtained from RGB images showed an increase in accuracy of up to 86%. Species identification based on multispectral images obtained from the Sequoia sensor also provided 85% accuracy. The results showed that the single-time image at the appropriate time using a UAV-RGB, compared to taking a time series and using a UAV equipped with multispectral sensors, has acceptable and less expensive results for tree recognition in the study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Investigation of Species richness of Birds in Bushehr Province to Determine Biodiversity hotspots
Mohammad Papari Zarei Maryam Rafati Mohammad Reza AshrafzadehAbstract Species richness is one of the biodiversity parts calculated by counting the number of species present in a given area. In this study, the species richness of the birds in Bushehr Province was examined to identify biodiversity hotspots and assess their conserv MoreAbstract Species richness is one of the biodiversity parts calculated by counting the number of species present in a given area. In this study, the species richness of the birds in Bushehr Province was examined to identify biodiversity hotspots and assess their conservation status. To achieve this, bird presence data were collected, and the conservation status of each species was determined. Subsequently, using a grid system with one-by-one-kilometer cells, table of distribution of birds species richness was prepared, and biodiversity hotspots were calculated using the Getis-Ord Gi statistic in a geographic information system (GIS). The results indicated that out of 320 bird species with continuous observation records in Bushehr Province, none were categorized as critically endangered according to the 2021 IUCN Red List. However, three bird species included saker falcon(Falco cherrug), Steppe Eagle(Aquila nipalensis), and Egyptian Vulture(Neophron percnopterus) were classified as Endangered, and Marbled duck(Marmaronetta angustirostris), Common pochard(Aythya ferina), Long-tailed duck(Clangula hyemalis), Macqueen's Bustard(Chlamydotis macqueenii), Socotra cormorant(Phalacrocorax nigrogularis), Pallid Harrier(Circus macrourus), and Eastern Imperial Eagle(Aquila heliaca) were considered as vulnerable. Furthermore, the study of species richness revealed that 21.58% of the study area was covered by the presence of these 320 species, with species diversity ranging from one to 26 birds per cell. The calculation of hotspots at the province level also identified the presence of 30 hotspots, covering a total area of 151311.90 hectares (6.33% of the province's area). These hotspots were mostly located in close proximity to major rivers, rangelands, and agricultural lands, particularly date palm orchards, emphasizing the need for greater attention to these habitats for bird conservation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Arizona, cypress (Cupressus arizonica) wood extraction for a better acoustical performance
Soheila Zamaninasab amir lashgari Mehram Roohnia Ahmad Jahan-latibari Ajang TajdiniIn this research, the effect of soaking process and ethanol-acetone washing as well as fermentation pre-treatment by bread yeast in Cypress (Cupressus arizonica) has been investigated. The samples were subjected to pre-treatment with bread yeast and without pre-treatmen MoreIn this research, the effect of soaking process and ethanol-acetone washing as well as fermentation pre-treatment by bread yeast in Cypress (Cupressus arizonica) has been investigated. The samples were subjected to pre-treatment with bread yeast and without pre-treatment, washing with pure water and removal of extractives in organic solvent and subjected to dynamic test by forced vibration test in free-free beam. Both methods of soaking process and ethanol-acetone washing resulted in a significant decrease in density and vibration damping, while the values of acoustic conversion efficiency showed an increase. The amount of improvement of acoustic properties due to ethanol-acetone washing was more than water washing. Fermentation pretreatment increased the changes in both water washing and ethanol-acetone washing methods. The dynamic modulus of elasticity did not show any significant change water washing, ethanol-acetone washing and fermentation pretreatment. In general, the ethanol-acetone washed samples under fermentation pretreatment left the highest acoustic indices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Effects of forest roads on Vegetation Biodiversity and physical and chemical characteristics of soil in the Kalardasht forest
Afshin Arjmand Hadi Kiadaliri Farid Kazemnezhad Majid Es-hagh NimvariRoad ecology studies are very important and valuable for monitoring the impact of forest roads on biodiversity. This study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of forest roads on the biodiversity of herbaceous species, tree regeneration and lichen in the Kal MoreRoad ecology studies are very important and valuable for monitoring the impact of forest roads on biodiversity. This study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of forest roads on the biodiversity of herbaceous species, tree regeneration and lichen in the Kalardasht forests. Sampling was done in the sample plots at distances of 0, 15, 45, 75, and 105 meters from the roadside in two controlled and harvested areas. The indices used were Margalf's species richness, Shannon-Wiener's biodiversity and Pielou's evenness index. The effects of roads on vegetation diversity in relation to soil characteristics were also investigated. The results showed that road construction in the harvested stand caused the destruction of tree regeneration, herbaceous and lichen, but the physical and chemical properties of the soil were not affected. By increasing the distance from the road, the diversity and richness of regeneration in both control and harvested areas has increased and the evenness index has decreased. On the other hand, the diversity and richness of herbaceous species has shown a significant decrease. This study reports the distance of 15 to 45 meters of the buffering effect of the roadside on the indices of biodiversity and the richness of tree regeneration, herbaceous cover and lichens. Most of the physical and chemical properties of the soil have also increased with increasing distance from the road. Also, there was a significant correlation between most of the physical and chemical properties of the soil with the regeneration of trees and herbaceous species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The nonlinear effect of natural resource abundance on economic growth with emphasis on non-resource export and Dutch disease (Case study of selected OPEC member countries)
Niloufar Khatami saeed Daei-KarimzadehBecause the government in countries with abundant natural resources depends on one or more limited resources, if there are trade barriers, national income decreases and economic growth slows down. The research question is whether the effect of non-resource exports on ec MoreBecause the government in countries with abundant natural resources depends on one or more limited resources, if there are trade barriers, national income decreases and economic growth slows down. The research question is whether the effect of non-resource exports on economic growth is non-linear and whether the real effective exchange rate, which has a direct role on the flow of exports, can lead to the Dutch disease phenomenon or not? The aim of this study is to investigate the nonlinear effect of natural resource abundance on economic growth by focusing on non-resource export and the real effective exchange rate variables for the 16 selected OPEC member countries during the period between 2000 and 2021. In order to analyze the data, GMM method has been used. Findings showed that the abundance of natural resources has led to a decrease in economic growth, which indicates the occurrence of the resource curse phenomenon in the studied countries. Also, the second power of the natural resources abundance variable has a positive and significant effect, based on which it can be concluded that the natural resources abundance variable has a non-linear effect on economic growth in the studied countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Investigating the water quality index (WQI) using Landsat 8 satellite images and the application of univariate and multivariate models in Sefidroud River in northern Iran.
Yousef pourhabib ebrahim fataei Fatemeh Nasehi Behnam Khanizadeh Hossein SaadatiIn this research, the water quality of Sefidroud River during the years 2013-2018 using Landsat 8 satellite images as well as 10 qualitative chemical and physical parameters including Ca2+, Na+,Mg2+, (Cl-,SO4-2, HCO3-, TDS, EC, TH and pH were studied in three hydrometri MoreIn this research, the water quality of Sefidroud River during the years 2013-2018 using Landsat 8 satellite images as well as 10 qualitative chemical and physical parameters including Ca2+, Na+,Mg2+, (Cl-,SO4-2, HCO3-, TDS, EC, TH and pH were studied in three hydrometric stations. Drinking water quality index (WQI) was calculated and its relationship with satellite bands and band ratios (28 parameters) was analyzed using univariate and multivariate regression models. The results of the univariate regression model showed that the WQI index with band 5 and the ratio of band B4/B3 had a linear and power correlation at a significance level of 1% with coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.55 and 0.51, respectively. The implementation of the stepwise linear multivariate regression model of WQI with all the studied bands and ratios showed that the three band 5 variables and band ratios B4/B3 and B6/B5 were correlated with WQI, with an R2 of about 0.80 at a 5% significance level. After preparing the spatial changes map of WQI using multivariate linear regression model, the results indicated that the water quality in the head branches of Sefidroud, that is, the Qezaluzen and Shahroud rivers, was lower compared to the lower areas and Manjil Dam Lake, although the water quality of the Qezeluzen and Shahroud rivers was lower. Shahrood was weak, but after entering Manjil Dam, it became a good water class. However, the WQI of the water coming out of the dam had gradually increased by passing through the agricultural lands, residential and industrial areas along the river until it reached the Caspian Sea, and it had weakened water class. In general, the results of the research showed that the use of Landsat 8 satellite images and multivariable regression model has a high power for water quality monitoring. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Landslide susceptibility mapping using advanced machine learning algorithms (Case study: Sarovabad city, Kurdistan province)
Baharak Motamedvaziri Hemen Rastkhadiv Seyed Akbar Javadi Hasan AhmadiThe occurrence of landslides in mountainous areas may cause serious damage to road infrastructure, and may also lead to human deaths. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to landslide susceptibility mapping using advanced machine learning algorithms in Sarovabad city MoreThe occurrence of landslides in mountainous areas may cause serious damage to road infrastructure, and may also lead to human deaths. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to landslide susceptibility mapping using advanced machine learning algorithms in Sarovabad city. In this study, landslide susceptibility was determined using two advanced data mining algorithms including random forest (RF) and decision tree (DT). First, the point file of 166 landslides occurred in Sarovabad city was considered as the landslide inventory map. The landslide points are divided into training data (70%) and validation data (30%). A total of 16 parameters including slope, aspect, elevation, river proximity, road proximity, river density, fault proximity, fault density, road density, precipitation, land use, NDVI, lithology, earthquake, stream power index (SPI) and topographic wetness index (TWI) were used in order to landslide susceptibility mapping. Finally, the performance of the models was evaluated using the ROC curve. The results of the ROC showed that the decision tree and random forest models have AUC values of 0.942 and 0.951, respectively. Therefore, the random forest model has the highest AUC value compared to the decision tree and was the best model for predicting the risk of landslides in the future in the study area. Landslide potential maps are efficient tools; so that they can be used for environmental management, land use planning and infrastructure development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Spatial flood susceptibility assessment using boosting and bagging in machine learning techniques
hossein aghamohammadi Mohammad Hassan vahidnia Zahra AziziEvery year flooding causes countries billions of dollars’ worth of damage that threatens the livelihood of individuals. As a result, it poses significant socio-economic threats to populations worldwide. Therefore, it should be controlled and restrained. In this re MoreEvery year flooding causes countries billions of dollars’ worth of damage that threatens the livelihood of individuals. As a result, it poses significant socio-economic threats to populations worldwide. Therefore, it should be controlled and restrained. In this regard, machine learning algorithms, along with geographic information systems, are primary tools that are effective in flood control modeling and analysis. The purpose of this research is to identify a part of flood-sensitive regions across the Heraz catchment area in Mazandaran province using ensemble methods in machine learning algorithms. The research process is as follows: first, the data of flood points were prepared. Next, 70% of approximately 240 sample positions were used for modeling and map preparation. The remaining 30%, which were randomly selected, were used to validate the produced maps. Then, the effective factors, including slope angle, slope direction, topography, soil type, land cover, distance from the river, annual rainfall, normalized difference vegetation index, index of sediment transmittance, index of topographic wetness, and index of stream density have been used to weight the impact of each factor using machine learning algorithms. Based on the results of this study, the system performance characteristic curve (ROC) was drawn, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to validate the flood-prone area map. Findings demonstrated that the Adaptive Boosting model is more accurate than the Bagging model in preparing a flood sensitivity map. Predictive susceptibility mapping plays a pivotal role in enabling urban planners and managers to mitigate and safeguard proactively against the adverse consequences of flooding. Flood management authorities in the Ministry of Energy can employ the proposed ensemble model to assist disaster management and mitigate hazards in future studies. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Identification and comparison of citizens' climate perception in different temperature strata of Isfahan city
Mohsen Veisi Mozhgan Ahmadi NadoushanAbstract: Identification of citizens' climate perception is one of the key elements in formulating policies related to mitigating the heat island effect. This study also examines some influential aspects of climate perception and its relationship with individual ch MoreAbstract: Identification of citizens' climate perception is one of the key elements in formulating policies related to mitigating the heat island effect. This study also examines some influential aspects of climate perception and its relationship with individual characteristics in the city of Isfahan. For this purpose, the central core of Isfahan City was divided into four temperature zones ranging from 27 to 43 degrees Celsius. A random sample of 100 individuals was selected from each temperature zone, and their personal information, along with their perception of temperature increase, disruption in life, location-dependent temperature differences, and voluntary willingness to change behavior, were collected. The results showed that as the temperature increased in each temperature zone, citizens' views on the increased difficulty of life and efforts to adapt to higher temperatures were more pronounced. They indicated that the air temperature inside Isfahan City is relatively higher than in the surrounding rural areas. Regarding the perception of the urban heat island, a significant correlation was found between the intensity of the heat island and age, and educational level. The temperature increase elicited similar responses among all interviewees in all parts of the city, and the existence of an urban heat island has led to various disturbances (in terms of intensity) in the lives of different individuals residing in different temperature zones. Overall, attention can be focused on individuals in younger age groups and those with higher education as target groups for improving their climatic conditions and maximizing citizen participation as a benchmark. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Strategies for natural resources management using strategic management analysis (The case of Divandareh County, Kurdistan, Iran)
Ayub Pahlavani Ahmad Valipour هدایت غضنفریNatural resources management as a complex ecosystem with diverse stakeholders faces many challenges. Due to the varying and often contradictory interests, livelihood dependence of local communities and changes in ecologic, social,economic and political conditions, re-es MoreNatural resources management as a complex ecosystem with diverse stakeholders faces many challenges. Due to the varying and often contradictory interests, livelihood dependence of local communities and changes in ecologic, social,economic and political conditions, re-establishment of management approaches seems inevitable. The purpose of this study was to develop management strategies to improve and enhance the natural resources management using strategic planning framework. Both descriptive and analytical approaches, library survey,interview and questionnaire were used for collection and analyzing data. Stakeholders including administrative-political experts, technical experts of the natural resources office, representatives of local communities and NGOs, experts of research center and university professors participated in this research. Following development of a mission statement and internal (IFE) and external factor evaluation (EFE), Internal-External matrix showed that the natural resources management of the county was located in the defensive position. Regarding that,the SWOT matrix was developed to identify appropriate strategies mainly considering weaknesses and threats (WT) which resulted in formulating six strategies for management of natural resources. Evaluation of the strategies attractiveness using quantitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM) indicated that “institutionalizing the participation of stakeholders in decision-making and planning” and “Carrying out programs, plans and projects according to the instructions of the General Administration'' (i.e.business as usual) are of the highest and lowest priority respectively. Based on the results, the current management approach of the county’s natural resources is not accepted by stakeholders and change towards benefit from participation of stakeholders, especially local communities, improvement of the internal features of natural resources and strengthening interorganizational communications is required. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Spatial changes of soil fertility factors in pure shrublands of the central plateau of Iran
Nafiseh Roohollahi seyed akbar javadi Mohamad Jafary محمدعلی زارع چاهوکیShrubs with diverse ecological functions cover a large area of arid and semi-arid lands. Evaluation of changes in soil properties in shrublands can be effective in understanding the ecological relationships of these biomes and their nutritional status for land managemen MoreShrubs with diverse ecological functions cover a large area of arid and semi-arid lands. Evaluation of changes in soil properties in shrublands can be effective in understanding the ecological relationships of these biomes and their nutritional status for land management. In this research, the spatial changes of soil fertility characteristics based on patch structure and open spaces between patches were studied in pure shrubs including Artemisia sieberi, Scariola orientalis and Astragalus myriacanthus types located in the ari lands of the central plateau of Iran. The evaluation of soil yield characteristics and soil quality was investigated by selecting the reference open space between the patches and recording the morphological characteristics of the patches to study the relationship between them. The results showed that the properties of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and soil quality index (SQI) had the most significant changes between the type of shrubland and in the space between patches in each type (P<0.01). The highest value of the soil quality index was related to the under canopy in A. myriacanthus type and was equal to 0.87, and the lowest value was related to the central point of the open space in A. sieberi type and was equal to 0.22. The functional characteristics of plants such as biomass, height and canopy showed the highest correlation with the spatial distribution of elements and soil fertility factors in the open space areas (P<0.05). Manuscript profile
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