New Researches in Environmental Engineering: 3 (3)

Open Access Article

1 - Prioritizing The Sustainable Development Of Strategic Infrastructures Using The Analytic Hierarchy Process: A Case Study Of Iran
Babak Nabizadeh Saman Solaimanian

Introduction: The importance of the global movement towards sustainable development has increased in the recent years, and it is necessary to redefine the concept of development in every country under a framework which responds to the current and future needs of that na More

Introduction: The importance of the global movement towards sustainable development has increased in the recent years, and it is necessary to redefine the concept of development in every country under a framework which responds to the current and future needs of that nation. Therefore, the aim of this research is to prioritize three strategic infrastructures of the national electricity distribution network, water supply network and fossil fuel distribution network within a specific practical framework. Materials and Methods: This research used the comprehensive multi-criteria decision-making method of the analytical hierarchy process which is based on the experiences gained in the design, implementation and operation of strategic infrastructures with a survey from 12 experts. Mentioned infrastructures have prioritized according to four economic, social, environmental and technical criteria along with 10 sub-criteria layers of investment and construction cost, maintenance cost, job creation, acceptance and public participation rate, water, soil and air pollution, final quality, technical efficiency and training of expert staff. Results and Discussion: The results showed that in examining the dimensions of sustainable development, the environmental criterion with a weight of 0.30 has the highest priority, followed by the technical criterion with a weight of 0.24. Social and economic criteria were ranked next with weights of 0.224 and 0.223 respectively. Also, the fuel distribution network with a weight of 0.026 had the highest importance in the sustainable development of infrastructure. The second priority was the nationwide electricity distribution network with a weight of 0.0252, and the third priority was the water supply network with a weight of 0.0251. Further, the weight of the alternatives for prioritizing the strategic target infrastructures based on the main criteria showed that the water supply network had the highest priority in economic and environmental criteria with weights of 0.27 and 0.34 respectively. In the social criterion, the nationwide electricity distribution network has the highest priority with a weight of 0.26, and in the technical criterion, the fuel network has the highest priority with a weight of 0.33. Conclusion: Iran with high dependency on fossil energy in its infrastructure demands planning for sustainable development in the processes of exploration, extraction, refining and transportation network of fossil fuels. Then the electricity network of the country requires fundamental changes in the electricity supply system and convergence with innovative technologies. In the third step, because of the water crisis, Iran needs to introduce novel technologies into its infrastructure to achieve higher efficiency. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Analysis of Kuroshio Current Converter as Renewable and Environmentally Friendly Power Plant
امیر قائدی

Introduction: Among different renewable energy sources, ocean is considered as one of the renewable energy sources that has a wide geographical range. Marine currents have different categories that tidal currents are among these currents. Near Japan, there is a current More

Introduction: Among different renewable energy sources, ocean is considered as one of the renewable energy sources that has a wide geographical range. Marine currents have different categories that tidal currents are among these currents. Near Japan, there is a current in the ocean known as the Kuroshio Current, which has a high potential for generating electricity. These currents have speed and consequently kinetic energy and can generate electricity by using turbines installed deep in the ocean. One of the problems that these currents have is that they change over time and therefore the power generation of energy converters of Kuroshio currents also varies. Therefore, the effect of these changes on different aspects of these converters such as reliability should be investigated. Materials and Methods: In the reliability model of the current converter, both the component failure and output power variations, which are caused by the change in the speed of ocean currents are considered. Results and Discussion: In this part, a Kuroshio Current energy converter that includes a turbine with a diameter of 2 meters is considered. In this part, the reliability indices of a sample test system are obtained, and then the effect of Kuroshio Current power plants on these indices is evaluated. The results show that as the peak load of the system increases, the reliability of the system deteriorates. Conclusion: In this paper, the reliability model of Kuroshio Current converters is obtained. Numerical results conclude that the Kuroshio Current converters can improve reliability indices of power system. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Multi-Objective Operation of the Distribution System Including Wind Turbines, Taking Into Account the Minimization of Environmental Pollution in the Network
Reza Sedaghati

Introduction: The ever-increasing growth of consumption loads and the necessity of proper, timely and reliable supply of power networks require a new attitude in the optimal operation of power systems and lines more than ever. On the other hand, in recent years, there h More

Introduction: The ever-increasing growth of consumption loads and the necessity of proper, timely and reliable supply of power networks require a new attitude in the optimal operation of power systems and lines more than ever. On the other hand, in recent years, there has been a lot of support for distributed generation sources based on renewable energies, especially wind turbines. One of the main problems of wind turbines is the problem of extreme wind fluctuations and the dependence of output power on wind speed. Parallel to this problem, in the discussion of network management, the error caused by forecasting the consumption load in the future can also lead to the problem becoming more and more difficult. One of the suitable techniques without initial cost is the method of network topology reconfiguration with the objective of improving the network situation. Materials and Methods: Therefore, in this research, in order to investigate the problem of reconfiguration of the distribution network with the presence of wind turbine sources, a new method for their simultaneous management has been presented. A multi-objective function is considered to reduce the active losses of the network, reduce the overall costs of the network, improve the voltage profile of the existing buses, and reduce the total emissions generated by the network, which uses the firefly optimization algorithm to minimize it. Results and Discussion: Solving the problem of renewing the structure by considering the uncertainty caused by wind turbines is considered. The presence of wind resources in the network has been able to significantly reduce the objective functions. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that the American land reclamation method is better than the other mentioned methods because it has estimated more flow in flood calculation. An important result of flood zoning resulting from the breaking of Tangab dam is that the urban area of Firozabad is safe from this flood and the villages are not flooded as far as the studied area is concerned. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the result of the possible failure of the dam, based on this research, the flood caused by the failure of the dam, except for 1 hectare of the industrial sector, which is a very small area, will cause damage only to agricultural lands. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Kinetic Modeling And Optimization Of Effective Parameters Of 4-Chlorophenol Wastewater Treatment In Adsorption Process With Activated Carbon/Magnetite Nanocatalyst In Aqueous Solution
Farham Aminsharei Mohammad Astaraki Sahand Jorfi Reza Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani Mojtaba Nasre Isfahani

Introduction: Organic and cyclic chlorinated compounds such as 4-chlorophenol in surface and underground water sources due to its widespread use in various industries and causing irreparable problems and side effects such as carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, birth defects an More

Introduction: Organic and cyclic chlorinated compounds such as 4-chlorophenol in surface and underground water sources due to its widespread use in various industries and causing irreparable problems and side effects such as carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, birth defects and high toxicity are of great concern to conservation organizations. It was from the environment. Materials and Methods: This study is an applied research that was conducted in a pilot and laboratory scale. In this study, first an aqueous solution containing 4-chlorophenol was prepared, and then using waste rubber to prepare activated carbon, carbon/magnetite nano catalyst was prepared, and for this purpose, 100 ml of the aqueous solution was placed in contact with the activated carbon absorber and the influencing variables In the adsorption process (pH, Temperature, Adsorbent dose and Retention Time) the response surface method (RSM) was designed by selecting the central composite design (CCD). Results and Discussion: For the absorption process of 4-chlorophenol using activated carbon/magnetite, a test model was conducted with 30 runs and the adjusted and predicted R2 were estimated as 0.919 and 0.762, respectively, and based on ANOVA, the process model The absorption of 4-chlorophenol with the proposed adsorbent was significant and the F-value was 24.58. Also, the independent factors in this study (pH, Temperature, Adsorbent dose and Retention Time) were significant. Conclusion: According to the influence of different parameters in choosing optimal conditions, The software proposed 100 solutions, and finally the first solution was selected with a favorability of 0.948, and the effective parameters for absorption were optimized as follows: pH 3, temperature 42.5 ℃, adsorbent dosage g L(-1) 1.84 and the retention time is 91 minutes. Also, the results of adsorption modeling showed that by increasing the dosage of adsorbent, the process can be completed in a shorter time, and increasing the adsorbent dose beyond the optimal amount is not economically viable. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - H2S Concentration Ranking Around Sewerage Manholes Using Lead Acetate Detector
Mohamad Mehdi taghizadeh

Introduction: H2S production in sewage collection networks creates many problems, including corrosion of concrete pipes, effects on human health and unpleasant smells. ). Although the sewerage is designed in such a way that the air flows and the H2S gas production does More

Introduction: H2S production in sewage collection networks creates many problems, including corrosion of concrete pipes, effects on human health and unpleasant smells. ). Although the sewerage is designed in such a way that the air flows and the H2S gas production does not occur due to the anaerobic process, but sometimes due to improper design, increase in flow rate, pipe clogging or fracture, the H2S gas disperses around the manholes. Monitoring the sewage network by determining the amount of H2S gas can help network repair in a timely manner. Due to the high cost of advanced monitor systems. The continuous management of sewage networks in developing countries requires the development of cheap and economical methods. Materials and Methods: In this research, 150 manholes were selected in Ahwaz city in Iran. Paper tapes impregnated with lead acetate were prepared. They were placed in different areas around and inside the manholes. After collecting samples, they were classified into seven grades according to the amount of obscuration created in the indicators. At the same points as the samples were taken, the amount of H2S gas was measured by the gas meter. And gas concentration limits were determined for each. Results and Discussion: The results showed that lead acetate paper indicator detected a concentration of H2S from zero to 35ppm. The best positioning of the indicators was within the manholes, and the best contact time was set at 24 hours. Conclusion: It is appropriate to use the results of the ranking of indicators in a situation where it is not possible to use advanced sensors to monitor sewage networks. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Evaluation of Knowledge and Attitude of Non-medical Students about Virtual Water Recognize with the Approach of Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development
Omid Tabiee

Introduction: Despite the climatic changes and the recent droughts in Iran, as well as, the rising trend of development of industrial and agricultural activities, Iran are exposed to the severe water crisis. Thus, in order to tackle this problem, and management of water More

Introduction: Despite the climatic changes and the recent droughts in Iran, as well as, the rising trend of development of industrial and agricultural activities, Iran are exposed to the severe water crisis. Thus, in order to tackle this problem, and management of water supplies at risk, virtual water and water footprint Culture Assessment an acceptable method for achieving sustainable development and environmental protection goals. To reduce and prevent water crisis as well as protection of environment the current study was, therefore, undertaken to determine the level of knowledge and attitudes of non-medical students on virtual water principles in environmental protection goals. Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive analytical study and samples include 384 non-medical students from Islamic Azad universities in Fars province who were selected by convenient sampling method. The self-administrated questionnaire included a demographic questionnaire and as well as their knowledge on virtual water and practice regarding willingness to conservation of environment was completed for all the study population through interviews. Subsequently, descriptive statistics, x2, and Mann-Whitney test and kruscal-wallis test were employed for analysis using SPSS Software (version 21). Results and Discussion: The findings of this study showed that, 98.2 percent of the people had poor awareness about virtual water recognize and role of virtual water in environmental protection and 83.8% of people were interested in increasing knowledge and attitudes on virtual water. On the other hand, there was a significant correlation between knowledge and sex, awareness and levels of education and knowledge and age (P< 0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that, 98.2 percent of the people had poor awareness about virtual water recognize and role of virtual water in environmental protection and 83.8% of people were interested in increasing knowledge and attitudes on virtual water. On the other hand, there was a significant correlation between knowledge and sex, awareness and levels of education and knowledge and age (P< 0.05). Manuscript profile

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