Journal of History: 5 (73)

Open Access Article

1 - desire from the scholars in the orbit of the policy of the rulers of Baghdad (with emphasis on the fourth century AH)
saeeid hamidi

10.30495/hstr.2024.1961997.1776

The tendency of political systems to meet the needs of the government has consistently attracted the attention of government officials to the scientists of society throughout history. Because scholars have the capabilities that governments need in their power structure. More

The tendency of political systems to meet the needs of the government has consistently attracted the attention of government officials to the scientists of society throughout history. Because scholars have the capabilities that governments need in their power structure. In this regard, the study of the relationship between Islamic rulers and elites is considered as an important topic in historical research. Thus, studying this issue without being aware of government requirements will be an ineffective and sometimes fruitless effort.The rulers of Baghdad in the fourth century AH realized that creating an alliance between political power and ulema would be the only way to establish their caliphate. Therefore, while welcoming theologians and narrators, they sought to escape political convulsions by employing their capabilities. Accordingly, the main purpose of this descriptive-analytical study is to answer the question of which of Baghdad's political necessities made the caliphate popular with thinkers.A review of library resources shows; The need to control rival caliphs in Andalusia, the need to curb Egyptian Fatimid power, to pretend to be in line with dominant religious beliefs, the desire to revive Etzal, and finally to take advantage of the Shiite capacity in the face of the crisis of absenteeism all attracted the attention of scholars. Manuscript profile

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2 - The approach of Fars associations and tribal in the constitutional movement
Abolhassan Najafzadeh

10.30495/hstr.2023.1965464.1783

ObstractThe extensive confusion of Iranian society and its growing wave of dissatisfaction in 19th century led to the emergence of constitutional movement which created a new chapter in the Iranian history .The formation and evolution of the constitutional movement in F More

ObstractThe extensive confusion of Iranian society and its growing wave of dissatisfaction in 19th century led to the emergence of constitutional movement which created a new chapter in the Iranian history .The formation and evolution of the constitutional movement in Fars was subordinate to three powerful factors that each of them displayed a different role at this juncture of time. First, the feudal family of Ghavam Ol-Molk, who were practically the undisputed ruler of Shiraz for a long time and the head of Khamseh tribe and who were strongly against construction. associations advocating constitutionalism despite internal contradictions, were considered staunch enemies of Qavam and at the end , Ismail Khan Solat-Ol Doleh, who ruled over a large part of Fars state and who was always in internal rivalry with the Ghavam family and Khamseh tribe Therefore of the interaction of these powers, didn't cultivate a favorable environment for the growth of constitutional ideas such as law, equality and establishment of justice hom. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Foundation of necessity of divine appointment imam at the Ismailiyya thought
mahhamad jafar vassef seyed mohammad saghafinejad محمود سید

Imamate is considered the central and foundational pillar of the political philosophy in Shiite Islam. Among various Islamic sects, there exists divergence regarding the necessity and obligation of appointing an Imam, and each sect, based on its theological and jurisp More

Imamate is considered the central and foundational pillar of the political philosophy in Shiite Islam. Among various Islamic sects, there exists divergence regarding the necessity and obligation of appointing an Imam, and each sect, based on its theological and jurisprudential roots, has adopted specific beliefs. One significant sect in this regard is the Ismailiyya, which, while emphasizing the explicit divine command and obligation for the appointment of an Imam from God and the preceding Imams, holds distinctive views on the foundation of Imamate. The proponents of this sect, from rational, revelatory, and historical perspectives, advocate the divine necessity of Imam's appointment, understanding it, and the perpetuity of Imamate until the Day of Judgment. In light of this matter, the present research aims to investigate the divine appointment of the Imam among different Shiite sects, focusing on the Ismaili viewpoint, and compare it with the perspectives of Twelver Shiites regarding the divine necessity, recognition, and continuity of Imamate until the Day of Judgment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Investigating the role of Nestorian Christians of Khuzestan in the scientific and cultural developments of the Islamic world
Farinaz Hooshyar mojgan Asefi shokouh Alsadat Arabi

Christians were one of the most populous religious minorities during the Sassanid period. Nestorianism was one of the branches of Christianity that was persecuted by the Roman Empire and made them welcome by the Iranian government. Later, they will engage in scientific More

Christians were one of the most populous religious minorities during the Sassanid period. Nestorianism was one of the branches of Christianity that was persecuted by the Roman Empire and made them welcome by the Iranian government. Later, they will engage in scientific activities in Jundi Shapur. The purpose of this research is to Introduce some of the Nestorian scientific personalities of Khuzestan and examine their role In the transfer of science and culture to the Islamic world. In this research, the basic and fundamental association is: What was the main role of the Nestorian Christians of Khuzestan In the scientific and cultural developments of the Islamic world? It seems that the Nestorians played a prominent role in the transformation and transmission of science, especially medical knowledge, and prevented the stagnation of this scientific center with the administration of Jundishapur. They have been very influential in establishing the translation movement and translating texts from Syriac, Greek and Pahlavi languages into Arabic. This article is among descriptive analytical research and its method is based on library studies. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Analysis and impact of the Achaemenid Empire economy on the legal status of women in Parsa state during the era of Darius I (486-522 BC) based on the tablets of the Persepolis wall
soheila kamjoo amir akbari

The legal position of women and their presence in production and construction activities is one of the most effective components of social development. In this regard, the tablets of the ramparts of Persepolis contain interesting points about the legal status of women i More

The legal position of women and their presence in production and construction activities is one of the most effective components of social development. In this regard, the tablets of the ramparts of Persepolis contain interesting points about the legal status of women in Parse state during the era of Darius I Achaemenid. The present study, relying on the analytical descriptive method and using archeological evidence and surviving documents, examines the impact of the economy of the Achaemenid Empire on the legal status of women in the Parsa state during the era of Darius I Achaemenid, and seeks to answer the question that the economy of the empire in What effect has this age had on the legal status of women in Parse state? The findings of the research show the influence of the legal status of women in Parse state on the economic conditions and financial policies in the era of Darius I Achaemenid, which had an impact on the legal beliefs towards women and brought new conditions in terms of citizenship rights for women. In the sense that In the process of economic growth and income distribution, the women of Parse state found a strong motivation for economic participation in royal projects and engaged in productive activities alongside men. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The political and religious situation of the Sassanid government until the Mehr-narseh dynasty
iraj rajabi sharam jlilian javad sakha mahnaz sarpisegi

Statement of the problem: One of the periods of Iran's history before Islam is the Sasanian era, which is considered one of the turning points of Iran's history in terms of time. Because this period of history is the meeting point between Islam and pre-Islam. More

Statement of the problem: One of the periods of Iran's history before Islam is the Sasanian era, which is considered one of the turning points of Iran's history in terms of time. Because this period of history is the meeting point between Islam and pre-Islam. Purpose: To investigate the political and religious situation of the Sassanid Empire before the Mehr-narseh dynasty. Research method: The current research method is explanatory-analytical and the method of collecting documentary materials and the research tool is FISH. Findings: Ardeshir's politics and statecraft are based on three principles: the concentration of the Sultanate and the unity of the Iranian nation, the cooperation and coordination of the Sultanate and the clergy, and the strengthening of the Mazdisani cult, and the support and supervision of farmers. First, he united with the Zoroastrian clergy and assigned a religious authority and a great scholar named Tansar to compile and collect the sacred texts. After gaining power, Ardeshir considered the unity and integrity of Iran as the most important issue of the country and his mission; Among the other factors of the tendency to unify religion and government was the presence of Far Izdi and dependence on the royal family, including the dependence on the Achaemenid dynasty. Another case in this regard is the compromise and eclecticism in Ayin and Izdan, which is evident in all aspects of Sassanid politics Manuscript profile

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7 - The Historian’s Activism in the Narration of Historical EventsThe Critical Insight of Nazim Al-Islam Kermani and Mehdi Malekzadeh in the Historiography of the Constitutional Event
golamreza vafaee mehr محبوبه sh aliakbar khedrizadeh

The dated critical insight is one of the main elements of historiography and historian which is very clear in modern Iranian historiographyAlthough there has been more or less in the historiography of ancient historians, but. The present article seeks to assess the his More

The dated critical insight is one of the main elements of historiography and historian which is very clear in modern Iranian historiographyAlthough there has been more or less in the historiography of ancient historians, but. The present article seeks to assess the historiography of Nazem-Al-Islam Kermani and Mehdi Malekzadeh in the constitutional event with the aforementioned insight that is using the historical method. to understand the aim of study, we should answer the following question : What effect did the critical insight of the aforementioned historians have on their historical method in reflecting the constitutional event and the later developments ? The results of this research show that the above-mentioned historians are trying to move themselves far from one-sided historiography in two extends, first: criticism of the Qajar governors and rulers due to their inefficiency in the administration of the country and second: the mass of the people as the driving engine of the changes in the society. Analyze and explain the factors of the emergence of the constitution and the developments after it. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Investigating the indices of Sassanid metalwork art and the degree of influence of Seljuqs from Sassanids
Farnaz Dehghani Ismail Agha Mahaleh amir akbari امید سپهری

Abstract The Sasanian era is one of the most brilliant periods of Iranian art before Islam. Sasanian metalwork art has a great value because it was influenced by ancient artistic elements and in other words, it was cast in the form of taste and taste of Sasanian era More

Abstract The Sasanian era is one of the most brilliant periods of Iranian art before Islam. Sasanian metalwork art has a great value because it was influenced by ancient artistic elements and in other words, it was cast in the form of taste and taste of Sasanian era Iran. This art to some extent followed the traditions of the Achaemenians and especially the Parthians and after the emergence of Islam and the Arab conquests until the time we are discussing (the Seljuks) and even after that, the art of metalworking directly received this influence from ancient Iran. In this article, we aim to investigate the indicators of Sasanian metalwork art and the degree of influence of the Seljuks from the Sasanians using the historical research method. The review of sources and articles shows that Sasanian metalwork works have different formal, role, decorative and structural characteristics. Among them, the influences and inspirations of the form and role, in addition to the Islamic periods, are more visible in the Seljuk period. Because the Iranians had a rich civilizational background, and the conquering Arabs and other conquerors encouraged them to immediately use this cultural heritage and use the same features and indicators of the past metalworking art, which was manifested in a magnificent and excellent way in the created works. And it continued. Key words: Sassanians, metalworking, Seljuks Manuscript profile

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