Journal of Geography and Environmental  Studies: 2 (14)

Open Access Article

1 - Assessment of spatial development Astaneh Ashrafieh, with emphasis on environmental sustainability criteria
Shahab Nobakht Reza Veisi Maryam Mohammadi

As cities grew and many of the men admitted that their needs are met in Today, due to increasing urbanization and population growth increases demand and tempers are having a lot of problems Future continuation of this situation around and even within urban environment w More

As cities grew and many of the men admitted that their needs are met in Today, due to increasing urbanization and population growth increases demand and tempers are having a lot of problems Future continuation of this situation around and even within urban environment will limit Thus sustainable development at all levels of human life must be considered, including the location of her life The purpose of this study was to evaluate the spatial expansion of urban development, the city of Astaneh Ashrafieh based on the theory of sustainable urban development is environmentally sensitive To achieve the desired goal, the criteria specified in Environmental Sustainability And the amounts of each of these criteria and sub-criteria and finally collected by using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) attempted to analyze the data The research method used in this study is descriptive and analytical Results of data analysis showed that the steady state urban development based on environmental criteria - low Nest is stable in an environment with a score of 3.29. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - The Application of the Balanced Score Card Model (BSC)
Arastoe yarhesar Ali majnoony Soghra Niroumand Shishavan4 Zahra Mohammadi

Nowadays, one way to protect the villages from poverty, immigration and social and economic problems is to develop tourism in rural areas which have the capacity. Attainment of this goal requires designing, development of appropriate programs and models of the field. In More

Nowadays, one way to protect the villages from poverty, immigration and social and economic problems is to develop tourism in rural areas which have the capacity. Attainment of this goal requires designing, development of appropriate programs and models of the field. In this regard, BSC model was one of the models, that by its means, and with participation of all the factors affecting tourism, including local people, tourists and responsible organizations, it is possible to apply the best plan. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to introduce this model to the literature of tourism in Iran, while showing its applicable advantages in rural tourism planning. Required data for the application of this model was gathered through library resources, questionnaires, and face to face interviews. The population studied in this paper includes the residents of Tutakhaneh Village, tourists entered to this area and administrative officers of Bonab County, and the sample selected by Cochran's formula and using simple random sampling method, consists of 243 residents of the village, 300 tourists entered to the Village, and also 20 officials and experts. Bay using Cronbach's Alpha formula perennial questionnaire residents Tutakhanh (0/94), tourists entering the region (0/91) and officials (0/92) is calculated .The results of data analysis using BSC model in the context of rural tourism planning of Tutakhaneh Village showed that this model has the advantage of high capability to meet the needs of all beneficiaries from tourism, due to applying various tools, and considering the circumstances of the past and present, and designs, also presents step by step methods for implementation of the tourism development plans of Tutakhaneh village for officials and planners. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Statistical analysis and synoptic spatial and temporal patterns of precipitation Chance of Thunderstorm (Case study: Zanjan)
Abdullah faraji Mehdi Doostkamian Zahra safari

Thunderstorm a weather phenomenon that due accompanied by thunder, lightning, wind and rain, intense search in addition to the positive impact that they can cause a lot of damage in different parts of the world. Due to the variety of weather conditions, the occurrence o More

Thunderstorm a weather phenomenon that due accompanied by thunder, lightning, wind and rain, intense search in addition to the positive impact that they can cause a lot of damage in different parts of the world. Due to the variety of weather conditions, the occurrence of this phenomenon is observed in different regions. North West of the province, especially not immune from this phenomenon. To study the phenomenon in terms of statistical and synoptic data daily thunderstorms Thunder in the province of Zanjan synoptic stations in a 16-year period (2009-1994) were used. The results of this study showed that the average frequency of precipitation Thunder northern parts of eastern, central and south of the province with the highest coefficient of variation are also based on these areas. The eastern and western parts of the province had the lowest average and the lowest coefficient of variation Thunder also have. With this interpretation in the months of March and April are the months of heat transfer (Spring), are due to the warming of the Earth's surface and lower layers of the atmosphere (the rise of the sun during the day and close to the vertical) and high atmospheric moisture, instability and flow convection intensified under the right conditions, convective clouds grow and so will thunderstorms. Cold transitional season (autumn) also Frat cool air from higher latitudes to the southern temperate zones than the underlying causes of instability are required. However, due to the lower humidity in the fall than in the spring, the intensity of thunderstorms in the spring and autumn much less. Analysis results show weather maps at different levels-the most important synoptic systems represent the region on the tab of Mediterranean and the Black Sea and the Mediterranean and Red Sudanese have strengthened the role of the North West the country and the province. West winds around the landing position with the main cause of instability in the region Low pressure cut off by severe thunderstorms in the province. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - . The studing quality of life in government staffs housing mehr in Kermanshah ,Ilam and Khoram Abad
Pakzad Azadkhani Sahar Shahbazi Roya Samavati Khadijeh Noori zad

The quality of life has recently been proposed in the literature on sustainable development and social development planning and new economical discussion. .Although the relative importance of environmental quality is still under debate improvement   and conseq More

The quality of life has recently been proposed in the literature on sustainable development and social development planning and new economical discussion. .Although the relative importance of environmental quality is still under debate improvement   and consequently  maintenance of urban residential environment is if crucial importance .In our country housing seal is a good example of planning for housing , particularly for low – income and poor segments of society. The housing seal is a housing lower than average expectations of quality in society. So the people who are living in have a lower quality of life. .A large number  of Mehr  housing projects have been implemented and exploited in many cities in Iran moreover, a lot of studies have been carried out on this fild. Our purpose in this study is the comparative study about quality of life in the housing seal in three western and important provinces . . The method is descriptive – analytical and the study is a practical one. The data is gathered from the libraries and also by the use of questionnaires. The population includes the residents of over 15 years old in housing seal. The sample of 301 people is chosen by Cochran’s Formula. To analyze the data, SPSS software is used.. The findings reveal that four indexes including the index of housing quality,environmental quality,the quality of free time and the sense of belonging have the average lower than the satisfactory norm and the other four indexes including the quality of the access to the infrastructures ,the quality of neighboring relationships and the quality of employment and income have the average upper than the satisfactory norm. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Analysis of effective factors in the fields of entrepreneurial development of Abadeh
Ahmad taghdisi taghdisi Sedigheh hashemi Mohammad mehdi hashemi

Interest in entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial policies significantly has increased in recent years, many scientists in academia and economic development. Because these policies to jobs create, improve the overall condition of the local and regional economy and promot More

Interest in entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial policies significantly has increased in recent years, many scientists in academia and economic development. Because these policies to jobs create, improve the overall condition of the local and regional economy and promote rural development. Rural entrepreneurship can be identified by the advantages, potential and limitations of rural communities based on appropriate strategic planning, the development of rural economy touched. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting entrepreneurship in rural villages is abadeh Tashk. In this regard, using the questionnaire survey method was used. Validity of the questionnaire is accessed by a number of subject specialists and academicians, and its reliability was measured by using Cranach's alpha (α= 0.88). The number of samples was n=264 out of N=1468 landowners in six villages which were determined by Cochran Table. To analyze were used the data from one sample t-test, correlation and PROMETHEE. The results of this research suggest that the triple economic, social factors and zirsakhti in rural regions studied in much desired due to the existence of the correlation between the capacity, the operating status can be increased with a factor helping to develop other applications Since zirsakhti index in the villages have the highest impact on entrepreneurship, the need to pay attention to the later especially in the village of Khwaja Jamali due to higher capacity that is from, is important. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Investigating Spatial Distribution of Population in Urban System of Huge Area, Azerbaijan
Mohammad Hasan Yazdani Ata Ghafari Gilande Ahmad Aftab

Imbalance in settlement system is one of the most important challenges of urbanization development and urban system in Iran. Considering Imbalance in population distribution is the cause of inequality in other sections such as economic, social and political activities, More

Imbalance in settlement system is one of the most important challenges of urbanization development and urban system in Iran. Considering Imbalance in population distribution is the cause of inequality in other sections such as economic, social and political activities, any efforts to regulate it requires the study of current situation and trends in this field. This article aims to investigate the spatial distribution of population in urban system of huge area, Azerbaijan and its development in the last fifty-five years (1956-2011). The research was applicatory and its method was descriptive-analytic. Using Moran index and prime city techniques and indexes concentration and equilibrium were considered. The studied statistical population included cities of western Azerbaijan, eastern Azerbaijan, and Ardebil (124 cities). The findings resulting from Moran index indicated the random distribution of urban centers and urban population in Azerbaijan. Also the results showed that the equilibrium of the region increased and the distance between big cities and central and small cities declined over time in the urban system as a whole. In addition, any movement towards optimal distribution of urban population in the region and returning to equilibrium conditions in the urban hierarchy was observed in Azerbaijan. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Spatial Analysis of Ecotourism Activity of Climbing (Case Study: Oshtorankuh of Lorestan)
Mehdi Mehdi Nasab Mohammad Hossein Naserzade

One of the strategies that has been introduced to strengthen deprived areas is expanding tourism in areas having necessary potentials to develop tourism. Climbing as one of the natural ecotourism branches is manifested in a spatial model of tourism in nature that has be More

One of the strategies that has been introduced to strengthen deprived areas is expanding tourism in areas having necessary potentials to develop tourism. Climbing as one of the natural ecotourism branches is manifested in a spatial model of tourism in nature that has been neglected in different ecotourism sources.  Oshtorankuh is one of the unique attractions of the country in west. In this study using latitude and empirical formulas, the angle of altitude, the hour angle, azimuth sun at different times of seasons' days were calculated and then slop morphological factors, slope (the amount of radiation received in different seasons), and altitude were combined to consider the feasibility of ecotourism activity of climbing in the region by logic and social overlapping functions in order to determine suitable climbing zones in different seasons. The results indicated that without considering the direction of radiation with appropriate zone for this activity in different seasons of the year based on sunlight suitable climbing zone showed minimum (23.02) and maximum (80.88) differences  Based on daily changes, the suitable tourism zones had the highest and lowest daily fluctuations in midwinter (10.31) and midsummer (5.64). Therefore the best time for climbing in this region was in midsummer.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Measuring and Evaluating Social Effects of Residential Districts Emphasizing Social Inequality (Case Study: Omidiye City)
Mohammad Ali Firuzi Morteza Nemati Nadia Dari Pur

This article aims to measure and evaluate social effects of Mehr housings' areas and Motahari district in Omidiye city emphasizing social inequality. Residents of different districts have been distributed in special areas of the city based on economic and social charact More

This article aims to measure and evaluate social effects of Mehr housings' areas and Motahari district in Omidiye city emphasizing social inequality. Residents of different districts have been distributed in special areas of the city based on economic and social characteristics (income and education). The research methodology was descriptive. The sample of the study included 320 people using Cochran formula. 160 people belonged to Motahari district and 160 people were from Mehr housing and were questioned randomly. The results of T-Test showed the difference of average of two variables related to residential districts, respondents and social deviations. Considering (sig: 0. 001) and (t:-2.16) the observed difference between two groups was statistically significant. Also the   results of variance test connected to two variables showed that there was mutual correlation between the type of residential districts, education and income level and attraction level to social deviations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Zoning and Measuring Sustainability of Urban Environment Emphasizing Sustainable Development in Yazd Province
Masud Safaipoor Elyas Mavadat

Abstract Checking development status and constraints of geographic environment is one of the most important issues in two districts of city and sustainable development due to stability and sustaiable development in cities. Indexes of sustainable development in dimension More

Abstract Checking development status and constraints of geographic environment is one of the most important issues in two districts of city and sustainable development due to stability and sustaiable development in cities. Indexes of sustainable development in dimensions of environmental geography can be used as suitable criteria to determine the place of cities and solve their problems and shortcomings in order to achieve economic welfare and residents' social-cultural health to obtain urban sustainable development. In this regard having developmental-applied nature and descriptive-analytic method, recognizing and assessing environmental sustainability purpose, that is prioritizing sustainable development in Yazd province and using Entropy-TOPSIS model and GIS, Visio, Grafer, SPSS and Excel software and 50 indicators (hygienic, environmental, cultural, economic and social) the current research aims to analyze the studied subject in the province. The results showed that in matrix model the grouping class difference of provinces' cities was not regular in terms of population and there was not urban place in intervals between the first floor and top floor of the matrix. So 44.22% of the cities' population distributed on the first floor and the entropy coefficient confirmed it. Its coefficient was (-0.37) in 2006 and (-0.23) in 2011 which indicated the relative movement of the urban hierarchy towards instability and more concentration. Finally development prioritization obtained using TOPSIS indicated that Yazd and Abarkuh were the most developed regions having levels 0.973 and 0.610. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Evaluating Development Levels of Nomadic Community of Iran's Provinces in Different Dimensions, Social- Welfare, Infrastructure and Technology
Ali Akbar Taghiloo Mir Najaf Mousavi

The present study aims to evaluate development level of physical-spatial dimension of summer and winter nomadic communities in different regions of the country. The method of Research and description of relationship between variables was descriptive-analytic. The statis More

The present study aims to evaluate development level of physical-spatial dimension of summer and winter nomadic communities in different regions of the country. The method of Research and description of relationship between variables was descriptive-analytic. The statistical population included 2373660 people in the form of 426,320 families of all of the nomadic communities of the country. The required data were obtained through documents and statistics center and the last census period of country's nomadic communities in 2008. To analyze the data TOPSIS model was used to rank developed, semi-developed and underdeveloped provinces and the SPSS regression model was used to measure the importance and influence of research's effective indices in development level. The findings of the study showed the coefficient of developing inequality was 0.467 in winter and 0.567 in summer. The developing uniformity coefficient was 2.01 in underdeveloped summer provinces and it was 4.4 for undeveloped winter provinces. Regression model showed that the indicators used in explaining development level of nomadic community were 99.3% and 98.2% in summer and winter periods respectively. Among the indicators of development, access to energy with coefficient 0.693 and in winter period access to communication and information facilities with coefficient 3.26 had the highest influence in development level. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Ranking Development Level of Rural Areas (Case Study: Rural Districts of Kermanshah Province)
Hossein Nazmfar Soheyla Bakhtar Saeedeh Alavi

Providing different welfare and infrastructure services, social, economic and cultural facilities are the most basic indicators in each unit of planning especially in rural areas. Therefore the present research aims to assess and analyze development levels of these indi More

Providing different welfare and infrastructure services, social, economic and cultural facilities are the most basic indicators in each unit of planning especially in rural areas. Therefore the present research aims to assess and analyze development levels of these indicators in rural districts of Kermanshah and determine the amount to them. The method of this research was applicatory in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytic in terms of nature. The statistical population of the research included 85 rural districts of 14 Kermanshah's Townships. To evaluate and rank development levels 69 variables were selected from culture village in 2011. These variables were weighted using the Shannon entropy. And multi-criteria decision VIKOR was used to analyze the data and rank and determine development level of rural districts. The findings revealed differences in development of the rural districts of the province. So among 85 villages there were 3 developed, 19 relatively developed, 33 developing, 28 relatively deprived and 2 deprived rural districts. Ultimately suggestions were presented to improve and promote development status of rural districts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Zoning Prone Areas of Slope Movements (Case Study: Maku Township)
Amir Karam Marziye Agha Alikhani Ayla Gholizade Hasan Ahmadzade

Unstable natural slopes by mass movements are one of the phenomena that creates most damages to human after flood and earthquake. These movements occur under the influence of parameters such as temperature difference, precipitation, glacial, height, slope, geology, land More

Unstable natural slopes by mass movements are one of the phenomena that creates most damages to human after flood and earthquake. These movements occur under the influence of parameters such as temperature difference, precipitation, glacial, height, slope, geology, land form, distance from fault, distance from river, distance from roads and ... Therefore in addition to identify levels having the risk of slope movements this study aims to analyze the most suitable model to recognize these zones by field data and using above information and modeling methods such as AHP and TOPSIS. The results indicated that AHP model presented the most suitable zoning of slope movements. Based on the map resulted from this model  the areas with high potential slope movements had slope between 10 and 20 percent and height about 1600 to 1900 meters and they were composed of limestone and included 28% of the study area. Manuscript profile

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