Creative City Design: 5 (2)

Open Access Article

1 - Investigation the Role of Green Roof and Walls in the Thermal Performance of Urban Buildings based on Sustainable Architecture (A Case Study in Mashhad-Iran)
sara atashi golestan Mahmoud Golabchi

Today, in all over the world, due to the problems such as excessive consumption of fossil energy, global warming, climate pollution and major environmental problems, the use of sustainable architecture technologies especially green buildings is important. One of the sol More

Today, in all over the world, due to the problems such as excessive consumption of fossil energy, global warming, climate pollution and major environmental problems, the use of sustainable architecture technologies especially green buildings is important. One of the solutions to bring green spaces in to the buildings is the use of gardens and green walls. The development of green space in roofs, terraces and urban facades improves the performance of green spaces on the regional and urban scale. The building shell is one of the factors that has a significant effect on the energy consumption of buildings and thermal comfort. Creating green walls on the building shell due to insulation, shading and cooling caused by plants' evaporation has a significant impact on energy demand reduction in warm and cold seasons and air conditioning. In the present study, the effect of plant use on roofs and walls, in different views of the building, has been investigated for estimating energy consumption reduction. The results show that by creating green spaces on the roof and walls of the building, the energy consumption decreases. The reduction of energy consumption through the roof is equal to 26/6% and through the south, east, west and north walls, is equal to 6/9%, 8.8%, 8.8% and 6.6%, respectively. Also, the average annual temperature of these levels dropped around 5 °c Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Exploring Traditional Iranian house and culture using Space Syntax theory and methods, Case Study: Brojerdiha Mansion, Kashan, IRAN
Hamed Hamedani Golshan

The main aim of the current paper is to explore the Iranian traditional houses cultural properties by space syntax theory and methods, using spatial configuration most recent developments and computer based techniques. The paper initially took a brief introduction to th More

The main aim of the current paper is to explore the Iranian traditional houses cultural properties by space syntax theory and methods, using spatial configuration most recent developments and computer based techniques. The paper initially took a brief introduction to the spatial configuration theory fundamentals and core ideas. It starts with the book by Bill Hillier and Julianne Hanson, the social logic of space and then proceed to the bible of the theory, Space is the Machine. More than that, recent publication and papers which has had a huge impact on the theory were cited wherever it was necessary. All the theory and methods are applied to a case study from Iranian traditional houses in order to demonstrate its hidden geometries and structures underpin its forms and functions. recent studies in space syntax proved the fact that Patterns of movement inside buildings are generated from the spatial configuration. Besides, it has been proven that Movement patterns are correlated with space syntax through measure of ‘integration’. In order to show the cultural and social effects of a design, space syntax applies a graph representation on any kind of traditional house. This graph can be analyzed as a system of connections between spaces. The system of connections then appears to have effects on the movement patterns of the residences in a traditional house. Furthermore, the movement patterns affect the cultural values and the social relation in big families living in the traditional houses. With spatial configuration tools and methods, the causal links between the cultural and social factors and architectural design can be revealed.The method is definitely a strong method of advanced architectural analysis because of the fact that seeking the underpinned structures in architecture have not been so usual before the advent of computers and its developments. Although the axial and convex analysis were developed before computer and quantitative techniques, emerging technologies and computers analytical powers has a great influence on its further developments. The case study that will be presented in detail served as a proto-type for Iranian traditional houses to understand whether axial lines and convex maps could show the social and cultural effects of traditional house design in Iran or not. A graph has been applied on the ground floor plan of the house and then it has been simulated in depth map software. Depth map software capable the researcher in analyzing the graph. The causal links between the graph and the properties of the traditional house design have been clarified for further studies. Borojerdiha Mansion, Kashan has been selected as a case study to uncover the understructures that underpinned the traditional architecture in Iran. The reason to select the Mansion was firstly, its prestigious role in Iranian architecture, Qajar era in one hand, complexity and multi-use spaces in its plan, which makes it a suitable case study for analysis, on the other hand. The outcomes of simulations provide a ground for showing the causal links between design and the social and cultural aspects of the mansion. The integration value of the main movement corridors shows a high value of causal links with the social interaction locations of the residences. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Reading of Developments in Comprehensive Urban Plans-Review of the Iranian Experience (Limitations and problems from Master Plan to Strategic-Structural Plan)
Elham Lashkari Mehrshad Khalaj

Although, industrial revolution has considered as turning point to arise great change in the cities but this change belongs mostly to western cities which existed before 20th century. Fast development and prosperity of urban planning along with comprehensive approach re More

Although, industrial revolution has considered as turning point to arise great change in the cities but this change belongs mostly to western cities which existed before 20th century. Fast development and prosperity of urban planning along with comprehensive approach refer to first years of 20th century. However, Iran has approximately 50-year-experience to execute master and detailed Plans. All of these variable plans have been executed based on comprehensive planning. Lately, two approaches have been created in urban planning system in Iran: Master plan and Strategic and Structural approach. Although it has been about two decades since the introduction of Strategic plans in Iran, the country's planning system is still wandering between the master plan and the strategic plan. The purpose of this article is to introduce the implementation challenges of urban development plans in Iran from the Master plan to the Strategic-Structural plan. Therefore, this essay uses descriptive, case study and survey methods and tries to analyze and compare these two approaches precisely without any prejudice The results of this study show that strategic plans have a high capacity to adapt to today's urban society. Although, they face infrastructure problems, weaknesses and inconsistencies in the laws in the process of implementation and participation of different people and sectors. However, to achieve this, we need some infrastructures such as scientific and theoretical, economic and social, legal, administrative and financial, partnership and implementation. As long as these preconditions are not met, no development plan with a strategic approach will be possible. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Mechanisms of Rehabilitation Gardens for Stress and Mental Fatigue Reduction
Pooya Parvin

The issue of stress, mental fatigue and othe types of psychitric disordrs has gained a considerable importance in different societies because of various changes in lifestyle and the growth of modern Urbanization. According to the American Psychological Association (APA) More

The issue of stress, mental fatigue and othe types of psychitric disordrs has gained a considerable importance in different societies because of various changes in lifestyle and the growth of modern Urbanization. According to the American Psychological Association (APA), the prevalence of anxiety between students these days is at the same level as psychiatric patients in the 1950`s. On the other hand, in the modern urbanization areas, peole are exposed to many stressors such as traffic, fear, crime and obstructive population. Therefore, the approaches toward stress reduction have been given much more attention than before. One of the most intresting methods to reduce the general stress of the patients and normal people suffering from stress is to utilize rehabilitation gardens. The gardens make use of special features to reduce the level of stress and mental fatigue in visitors without special needs for medical treatments, by getting involved in garden`s space and doing certain activities. This research aims to investigate the role, and mechanism of the rehabilitation gardens, for reduction of stress and mental fatigue. It may be concluded from the research that rehabilitation gardens cause a reduction in stress and mental fatigue through three different mechanisms, active, semi-active and passive mechanism. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - An Investigation of the Effect of Environmental Security Component on the Mental Health of Citizens in Urban Spaces: A Case Study of Janbaz Square in Mashhad
Nadia arbab Sanaz Saedi Monfared

The crisis of unsuitability of urban spaces threatens the mental health of citizens in mental dimensions. Lack of security in urban spaces is one of the factors influencing such a crisis. In such circumstances, it is necessary to adopt new approaches to urban planning t More

The crisis of unsuitability of urban spaces threatens the mental health of citizens in mental dimensions. Lack of security in urban spaces is one of the factors influencing such a crisis. In such circumstances, it is necessary to adopt new approaches to urban planning to promote the environmental health of citizens. Environmental security is one of the mental health components in urban spaces. Optimal and practical design of built spaces will reduce crime occurrence and increase security in urban spaces. A safe urban space encourages appropriate activities and threatens inappropriate ones. By increasing the presence of citizens and their supervision over conditions, the observation by others will be possible, the level of social interaction will increase and the security will enter the environment. The research method of the current study is analytical-interpretive and it has been carried out through a field-based survey. In the first step, the criteria for assessing the impact of security on the mental health of citizens in urban spaces were extracted from reliable internal and external sources and then, using a questionnaire, people's opinions were collected (n = 150). The data of the questionnaires were entered in SPSS software. Based on the exploratory factor analysis technique, the variables were classified into 5 factors explaining the feeling of security, including: noise pollution, favorable green space, lack of blind spots, amenities and lighting. Then, using Friedman test, Pearson test and T test, the relationship between the five factors and the feeling of security in the field was measured. It was found out that the most effective component in mental health is favorable green space, and lighting has the least effect on mental health. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Explaining the Components of Synomorphy in the Outdoor Behavior Setting of Residential Complexes: A Case Study of Kerman Residential Complexes
Maliheh Zia Mohsen Ghasemi Mahdieh Moeini Maliheh Norouzi

This study seeks to evaluate the correlation between the pattern of interactive behavior and the pattern of physical environment and subsequently improve the quality of residential complexes. Open spaces between residential buildings are the bedrock for residents to con More

This study seeks to evaluate the correlation between the pattern of interactive behavior and the pattern of physical environment and subsequently improve the quality of residential complexes. Open spaces between residential buildings are the bedrock for residents to connect with nature and spend their leisure time outdoors and in the immediate vicinity of the house. Also, paying attention to the position of behavioral sciences in urban design and planning, and how space affects the occurrence of human behavior are among the items that need to be studied and reviewed conceptually and operationally regarding designs. The main problem in this article is to explain the correlation between the pattern of interactive behavior and the pattern of the physical environment of open spaces in the selected residential complexes in Kerman. The overall objective of the present study is investigating the effect of behavior characteristics on three outdoor samples of selected residential complexes in Kerman and improving the use of environment by examining the influential components in the open space of residential complexes and reaching the desired open space by identifying the effect of behavior and physical environment and capabilities of the environment. The main question which is raised in this study is that what factors are effective in creating Synemorphism in the open space of the selected residential complexes in the city of Kerman. The research method is descriptive-analytical. Data were collected through a questionnaire, and structural equation tests were used to measure the variables and research hypotheses using Amos 24 software. The results indicate that the higher ratio of residential open space in the behavioral setting creates meanings for explaining the behavioral-physical components. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Importance Monopoly and Importance Competition on the Urban Network Infrastructure (Case study: Public transportation lane No.10 and 96 of Mashhad bus system)
Farhad Karimani Mahtab Saeedi Manesh

Urban long-lived basic facilities and facilities, which are necessary for the national economy of a country and serve only indirectly the production are the pillars and the backbone of cities and play a vital role in any development such as mobility, housing, energy, po More

Urban long-lived basic facilities and facilities, which are necessary for the national economy of a country and serve only indirectly the production are the pillars and the backbone of cities and play a vital role in any development such as mobility, housing, energy, portable water, sanitation and communication and all similar facilities. So far, there would be no development without good quality and sufficient infrastructure. Traffic development as an important infrastructure has a major impact on the urban economy, sustainability, future viability and traffic is therefore a major concern for urban operators around the world. This paper aims to clarify our understanding of the functioning of competition in the local public transport sector and to evaluate its effectiveness in urban economy and management. Therefore, Mashhad's public bus system, which includes monopoly and competition markets, is selected to provide a conceptual framework to identify the best practices for providing this specific public infrastructure. The main question, therefore, is the role of private sectors and the differences between these two types of markets. In response, I will compare the costs and revenue of both the private sector and the current Mashhad bus to compare maximum efficiency and profits under competitive conditions. The main question, therefore, is the role of private sectors and the differences between these two types of markets. In response, I will compare the costs and revenue of both the private sector and the current Mashhad bus to compare maximum efficiency and profits under competitive conditions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Study on Contemporary Interventions in the Historical Fabric of Mashhad
Amidoleslam Saghatoleslami

City of Mashhad has an international status and is a cultural center in the Islamic world, particularly for the Shiite Muslims. This study investigates physical interventions in the historical fabric of Mashhad in contemporary century from the first Pahlavi to the post More

City of Mashhad has an international status and is a cultural center in the Islamic world, particularly for the Shiite Muslims. This study investigates physical interventions in the historical fabric of Mashhad in contemporary century from the first Pahlavi to the post Islamic Revolution period. Research methodology is descriptive and historical study. For collecting data, all plans, documents and texts about interventions in the historical fabric of Mashhad have been surveyed. This historical research will help us for better planning and designing in the future. Physical interventions in the historical fabric of Mashhad with 5 criteria (theory of intervention, objectives of intervention, method of intervention, kind of development plan and impacts of interventions) are analyzed in several periods. Results show that urban development plans in the historical fabric of Mashhad in this century (as well as some other historical cities) can be considered a pragmatic and modernistic approach. This study has resulted to get gradual orientation toward urban reconstruction and rebuilding of the inner city in the urban development plans of Mashhad, and has paid less attention to the urban rehabilitation and urban regeneration of the existing fabric. The upgrading of the quality and method of intervention must occur in the historical fabric of Mashhad in the future. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Integration of Rail and Air Transport; Approach to Adjusting the Effects of the Airport on The City Airport on Surrounding Urban Areas (Case Study: Mehrabad International Airport)
Javad kamali Reza kheyroddin

Airports that once were located out of the city because of the community needs, have gradually created challenges with the physical growth of the city and being surrounded by the urban areas. Inner-city airport on the one hand leads to environmental, social and other is More

Airports that once were located out of the city because of the community needs, have gradually created challenges with the physical growth of the city and being surrounded by the urban areas. Inner-city airport on the one hand leads to environmental, social and other issues for residents of the surrounding areas and on the other hand, the airport is in the bottleneck for developmentin line with the increasing growth of cargo and passengers. Organizing inner-city airport issues in its affecting area requires limitation on the functioning of the airport. By reducing the airport performance, air travel demand should be offset through other modes of transport that in addition to responding to passenger demand, improve issues related to the surrounding urban areas. Development of high-speed rail network on an inter-city scale is one of the alternatives for air transport need. The study aimed to investigate the relation between rail and air transportation in Mehrabad inner-city airport to meet air transportation demand and adjusting its negative effects on the surrounding urban areas. Pursuing research objective is based on an approach to study concepts and experiences through the comparative analytical method. The results show that developing high-speed rail transport is an appropriate alternative to air transportation at distances less than 800 km. Finally, by studying and detecting Mehrabad issues in its affected urban area, requirements and the way of developing the rail network in relation to Mehrabad airport are described. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Determination of the Environmental Design Factors Contributing to Children’s Creativity Based on the Concepts of Shahnameh
Hassan Rezaei Ali Kazemi Sude Farrokhfar Sare Farrokhfar

Research on creativity, especially the ways of increasing it in children, has grown exponentially. While most of these studies have focused on different aspects of how and why the external factors are influencing people’s creativity level, including children; stud More

Research on creativity, especially the ways of increasing it in children, has grown exponentially. While most of these studies have focused on different aspects of how and why the external factors are influencing people’s creativity level, including children; study on local concepts and elements can be considered as a new attempt in this framework. The present research is aimed at emphasizing on the local concepts and elements affecting growth and improvement of children’s creativity level, recognizing the identity and mythological dimensions of the Shahnameh and the concepts and elements that can be inferred from it. The central question of the present research is that what aspects of environmental design can create meaningful links between the identity and mythological aspects of Shahnameh and the level of creativity of children? Theoretical studies show that the eight components of colour, painting, natural elements, geometry, signs and symbols, story, security and movements that have been used in Shahnameh can affect the factors that are influenced on the formation and growth of creativity, including motivation, imagination, personality and skills. Accordingly, after codifying the conceptual model, the theoretical findings were gathered in the form of a field-studied (questionnaire) in the statistical population of the research (parents and educators of Ramsar kindergartens) and analysed. This research is a correlation study and its field findings are analyzed through factor analysis in SPSS software. The results of this study show that the use of the environmental factors inferred from Shahnameh affect children's creativity development through their impact on different indicators of creativity such as imagination, motivation, personality and skills. In addition, from the eight elements used in Shahnameh, just movement, story, painting and geometric forms and signs and symbols have significant influence on children's creativity level. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Identifying the Past Urban Signs to Promote Readability (Case Study: Torbat-e Heydarieh, Iran)
Vahid Ahmadi Arefeh Pileh Chian Faezeh Khoda Shenas

A city must have some features and characteristics that provide comfort and convenience for the human. Urban signs have always existed throughout the history. Therefore, it is so good to take a step in promoting the aesthetic of image of the city. Reduction of readabili More

A city must have some features and characteristics that provide comfort and convenience for the human. Urban signs have always existed throughout the history. Therefore, it is so good to take a step in promoting the aesthetic of image of the city. Reduction of readability in cities that seriously we are facing today is an important issue, because it causes the lack of understanding the mental map of the city and people won’t have tendency to travel in these cities. The purpose of this study was to continue the promotion of the cities’ readability and find memorable signs. The research method was quantitative. For data collection was used library and field researches by Excel tool as data analysis. The case study was chosen Torbat-e Heydarieh. The purpose of the study was analyzing the signs which do not exist, but they remained in the residents memories. The characteristics of signs were identified among literature review and determined by field research. Results show that location of signs along the length or crossing the main axis of the city enhances their importance for citizens. The most common signs of the city reflect the importance of the old signs and lack of the new appropriate structures to be known as a sign in both terms of application and visual aspects. This study provides recommendations for designing buildings by using the idea of the unknown signs or even putting names on the new structures which are built in the same place to remain in memory. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Evaluating Effects of Neighborhood Planning Factors on the Amount of Social Capital in Residential Complexes (Case Study: Chalous and Noshahr Cities)
Ali Kazemi Mahlagha Nemati Limaee

Paying attention to social capital as new form of capital with developmental essence has been constantly increasing in different fields of knowledge including environmental sciences and planning built environment. In this case, the main question is whether environment p More

Paying attention to social capital as new form of capital with developmental essence has been constantly increasing in different fields of knowledge including environmental sciences and planning built environment. In this case, the main question is whether environment planning can impact on creating and strengthening of social capital or not. Accordingly, this study investigates the correlation between two variables of social capital and design factors of neighborhood unit (independent and dependent variables, respectively). Therefore, the correlation method has been used. First, the components which derive from these variables are recognized based on theoretical framework. So neighborhood unit has two main physical and social dimensions in which public services, safety, accessibility, public spaces and territory are components of physical dimension and social ties, satisfaction, sense of belonging and security and peace are components of social dimension. Then their relationship was formulated through a conceptual model. After that, the theoretical findings of study were investigated through some field surveys (by questionnaires) in three residential complexes in Chalous and Nowshahr cities. Based on findings of field survey, the amount of correlation between the variables of study was examined through Spearman’s test. Results of the study confirmed that increasing satisfaction of physical and social dimensions of neighborhood units will cause to promote amount of social capital among residents. Manuscript profile

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