Baharestan Sokhon: 2 (40)

Open Access Article

1 - Highlighting the Phases of Phantom and Figures of Speech in Bijan Najdi's Poetry
Ommolbanin Nikkhah Noori Hamid Samsam

Abstract         Bijan Najdi is one of the committed poets of contemporary era whose works have special structural complexity. His techniques in using the stream of consciousness and changing his view angle have always had effective r More

Abstract         Bijan Najdi is one of the committed poets of contemporary era whose works have special structural complexity. His techniques in using the stream of consciousness and changing his view angle have always had effective reflection on his works. We observe in, in his poetry, a lot of verbal and semantic highlighting such as : repetition, specification, allusion, metaphor, simile and sense-arousing items that have had much impact on the content and style of poems. Najdi has given his poetry a traditional and folkloric color and glaze using his own people's folk tales and ancestors' customs . In this paper, we've surveyed the quality of highlighting in his poetry in descriptive-analytical and librarian methods . Our purpose is that the readers become more familiar with his special secrets. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - A Comparative Study of Iranian and Semitic Mythology in nvari's Divan ( book of poetry )
Leila Rahimi Mehravan Mahdi Sharifiyan

Abstract         Myth, the eternal memories, ethnic and national beliefs that poets describe with its help and the world around them  create a new, imaginative, and ideal world. Illustration with mythological elements was very hi More

Abstract         Myth, the eternal memories, ethnic and national beliefs that poets describe with its help and the world around them  create a new, imaginative, and ideal world. Illustration with mythological elements was very high in the sixth and seventh centuries and the epic, for a variety of reasons had lost its great place. Anvari, a wel-known poet of the Saljoog era, is very helpful in combining and harmonizing the Iranian and Sami dialects and symbols with the help of allusion and allegory. He has pulled it to its lofty stance . In the present article, in an analytical-descriptive manner, the way he used an aspiration from national, ethnic, and religious myths, as a literary set, for the decoration of the word and its effectiveness on the praised man or woman has been discussed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Comparative Study of the Gulistan of Sa'di and the Baharestan of Jami
Pari Rezvantalab Novrooz Amini

Abstract         The Gulistan of Sa'di is the most exquisite Persian prose book and is unsurpassed in the world literature. This book has many features which one can't find in other books. It's simple, fluent, rhythmic and melodious, More

Abstract         The Gulistan of Sa'di is the most exquisite Persian prose book and is unsurpassed in the world literature. This book has many features which one can't find in other books. It's simple, fluent, rhythmic and melodious, and its fantastic brevity in expressing the top didactic themes have made it as an everlasting book. The Gulistand has created a great evolution at the Persian Prose. Many books were written emulating it. One of them is the Baharestan of Jami which was written about 200 years after the Gulistan and notwithstanding his efforts for remoteness from the imitation, inevitably was forced to simulate the Gulistan.  This research has compared the Gulistan and the Baharestan at structural and verbal range by using text analysis and library studies. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - An Essay on Maghbarat – Al – Shoara ( Tomb of Poets ) in Tabriz
Maryam Mohammad Zadeh

Abstract         Biographies and history books agree about the prosperity of Maghbarat-Al-Shoara until the 10th century, but have not agreed on the history of its destruction. In the second half of the tenth century, Hafez Hussein&nbs More

Abstract         Biographies and history books agree about the prosperity of Maghbarat-Al-Shoara until the 10th century, but have not agreed on the history of its destruction. In the second half of the tenth century, Hafez Hussein  Karbalaee  announced in the Rozatol Janan that the tomb was destroyed, while in the early eleventh century, Mulla Hashri speaks of the clarity of the tomb of poets like Khaghani and Assadi in it, and the most recent sources such as the Avladol At'har and the history of the Darol Saltaneh of Tabriz, from here, are considered as an extinct cemetery.This article, by content analysis, critiques available, comments about the destruction of the Maghbarat al Shoara, while introducing a new documents, proves that the writing of the Rozatol At'har about the destruction of the tomb is accurate and original in the eleventh century. This paper, also, after introducing the poets who certainly have been buried there, shows that Asyroddin Akhsiketi and Nayyer Tabrizi have not been buried there for sure and the burial of Anvari and Falaki Shervani in this place in uncertain. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Epic in Seyyed Ashrafadding Gilani's Poetry ( Nassime Shomal )
Mohammad Ali Mahmoodabadi Ali Asghar Babasafari

Abstract         By studying and reviewing the treasure of a thousand years of Persian Literature and poetry, we understand that the poet and the writer are clearly influenced by their personal and social situation in one of the liter More

Abstract         By studying and reviewing the treasure of a thousand years of Persian Literature and poetry, we understand that the poet and the writer are clearly influenced by their personal and social situation in one of the literary genres (epic literature, didactic and lyric forms ) which express morally and socially the kind of idealistic aspirations which outcries to the readers.  Nassim Shomal( poetry of northern breeze )is one of the prominent representatives of the Iranian constitutional era. Although his poetry lacks the literary integrity and maturity, his simplicity sincerity, honesty and freedom of language caused to have a significant impact on public. Therefore research on epic themes seemed to be important and inevitable. In this study, we surveyed the epic effects, courage and resistance in Seyyed  Ashrafaddin Gilani's lyrics and concluded that the north breeze look at the extreme Iranian myths and using the ancient stories and myths of ancient Iran, the expressed new concepts and themes along with deep rooted sentiments to achieve the goals of liberation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Exultation With Sa'di and Hafez
Mohammad Hassan Doosti Malek Mohammad Farrokh Zad Reza Haydari Noori

Abstract          Exultation is an inner feeling identified through outward manifestations such as laughing and hustle-bustle. This sense of the features in the Persian Ghazaliat and those of Hafez and Sa'di's which is preeminent More

Abstract          Exultation is an inner feeling identified through outward manifestations such as laughing and hustle-bustle. This sense of the features in the Persian Ghazaliat and those of Hafez and Sa'di's which is preeminent in their epoch and type, is felt vividly. The exultation factors or components are divided into two internal and external ones : the factors like recreation and picturesque nature, celebrations and festivals, visiting kith and kin, travelling, music, wine and drunkenness  are the external ones which are grouped in mysticism and the internal factors are praying, self-sufficiency, reliance, theology, peace and reconciliation, inoffensiveness, affection, union, loyalty and .... All of them were the production of unsuitable political and social circumstances in the 7th and 8th centuries which made people take refuge to the light of hope and mystical pleasures. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Contrasted Methodology of Kashfol Asrar of Meybody and Almizan of Tabatabaee's Interpretations
Ebrahim Nakhaei S. Mohammad Ali Ayazi

Abstract         Considering that interpretation of The Qur'an is one of the most important branches of Islamic sciences, and sometimes it is connected to the Persian Literature which in turn has led to the richness of this literature More

Abstract         Considering that interpretation of The Qur'an is one of the most important branches of Islamic sciences, and sometimes it is connected to the Persian Literature which in turn has led to the richness of this literature, we decided to distinguish the methodology of the Kashfol Asrar interpretation and Tabatabaee's Almizan and survey these two works. We are going to compare the differences between the two interpreters' point of view in understanding the religious texts and compare them to identify the strengths and weaknesses of these two interpretations. They will be analyzed in this position. Mysticism  can be seen throughout the text of Kashfol Asrar, while the Almizan has scientific and technical nature and author's mystic ideas has been less effective in it. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Culture and Civilization in Saeb Tabrizi's Poetry
Farideh Naderi Zonooz Kamran Pashaee Fakhri

Abstract         Culture and civilization are the literary themes which not only have extensively been reflected in Farsi literature but also in the literature of most nations are considered as the best source for researching. In gene More

Abstract         Culture and civilization are the literary themes which not only have extensively been reflected in Farsi literature but also in the literature of most nations are considered as the best source for researching. In general Saeb is a poet who deserves comprehensive research from anthropological and sociological views and in the understanding of culture in the Safavid era. The reflection of Qur'anic culture in Saeb's divan ( book of poetry ) has a particular place. The influence of the Qur'anic verses has a conscious impact in profound understanding. His realistic style has roots in folkloric beliefs, for example the entrance of a bee in someone's home is an augury that a guest will come. It also talks about the portent of number 13, breaking the mirror which brings bad luck, the tic of the eye muscle, the unauspiciouness of the owl, throwing the horse shoe in the fire and belief in fortune telling, etc... Saeb was loyal to moral and social values. What we understand from his poetry is that he was a peace-seeking man and a contented person. He was away from pride and considered the prestige of man important.He invited the king of the time to avoid drinking wine and advised him to repent of sins. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - An Introduction to the Maarejol Khiyal Manuscript
Maryam Khazaeli Atta Radmanesh

Abstract         The Maarejol Khiyal Manuscript is a unique biography related to the Safavid era. It is a fine treasure of rich and subtle words of poets who have written their emotions and inner beliefs by exquisite and beautiful exp More

Abstract         The Maarejol Khiyal Manuscript is a unique biography related to the Safavid era. It is a fine treasure of rich and subtle words of poets who have written their emotions and inner beliefs by exquisite and beautiful expression This collection seems to be in quatrain form but a few of them do not have quatrain weight. The collector of this fine work is Mirza Mohammad Saleh Razavi who ranked among the noble men of the safavid age. He was also the grand son of Shah Abbas I. He collected quatrains of 367 contemporary poets before himself and all of the were arranged in alphabetic order by their pseudonyms .A variety of themes which is seen in this version are mostly in Qur'anic matters and indicate that poets have taken advantage of the Qur'an to reveal their religious and moral concepts. This work has some issues such as : God and His unlimited kindness to His servants, also advising man to avoid pride, worldliness, desire, greed and pass of age, attention to the death, praise of God . In this manuscript, sometimes, the Qur'anic concepts and compounds are used exactly at the end of quatrains or between hemistiches to emphasize, understand or complete that content Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - The Semantics of " artifice " in the Holy Qur'an
Roohollah Akbari Seyyed Taghi Kabiri

Abstract         What is prevailed as the synonyms for " artifice " as ruse, wile, treachery, hoax, canonical cheating and deception in Farsi expression and dialogue, has different implications in the Qur'anic language and Arabic lite More

Abstract         What is prevailed as the synonyms for " artifice " as ruse, wile, treachery, hoax, canonical cheating and deception in Farsi expression and dialogue, has different implications in the Qur'anic language and Arabic literature where it is used as gumption and is not limited to the unfavorable actions; since in the Qur'anic applications it is used about the almighty God and has two implications good deed which means " praised " , and in evil deeds which means indecent as " makrossay". Other expressions are also used in the Qur'an which can elaborate this meaning. We have tried, in this article, in a descriptive-analytic method to explain its semantics in the Holy Qur'an. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Contextual Criticism and Studying of Satires in Abutorab Jalli's works
Habib Hajipoor ParvinDokht Mash'hoor

Abstract         Satire in the Persian literature has a long history and, in contemporary times, has been followed by some characters. Meanwhile, Abutorab Jalli has been artistically coquetting in his poems and talking about social pr More

Abstract         Satire in the Persian literature has a long history and, in contemporary times, has been followed by some characters. Meanwhile, Abutorab Jalli has been artistically coquetting in his poems and talking about social problems. He also presented his political, cultural, moral, and even literary criticisms in the form of humor. Jalli's satire is one of the compelling works given high frequency of human and social concepts. For this reason, in the present article, through the descriptive-analytical method, the axis of joyous humor has been studied and analyzed. The most important results of the research show that the poet's approaches are : political, cultural, moral social and literary criticism. The poet, using historical and religious stories, has tried to demonstrate the plight of many people in Iran during the time of the government with a critical attitude. These reviews appear to be caustic in most cases. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - " Fiction " and "The System of Existence " Critical Analysis of " Hayyebne Yagzan " and Salaman va Absal " and the Narratives of Jami , Ibne Sina and Ibne Tofayle Andolosy
Mahdi Ebrahimi Hosseinali Kandi Ali Asghar Halabi

Abstract         Ibne Sina, Jami and Ibne Tofayle Andolosy with the influence of Honayn Ibne Es' hag, have in addition to their various works, used the form of story-telling to explain abstract thoughts. The two stories of " Hayyebne More

Abstract         Ibne Sina, Jami and Ibne Tofayle Andolosy with the influence of Honayn Ibne Es' hag, have in addition to their various works, used the form of story-telling to explain abstract thoughts. The two stories of " Hayyebne Yagzan " and Slaman va Absal " are based on different narratives of three thinkers, distinguished from similar examples of folk tales. This format, having special appeal to the philosophers'  is used in the structure of the story to reveal their world-view in a cipher, symbol and metaphor. The main point of this paper is that in the narratives of Ibne Sina and Jami the objective worlds are not intended, because the narrative language of these two authors implies the patterns based on specific concepts, including the lack of interest in the world around us, the invalidity of the world material and the importance of privacy. This unique universal worldview can be identified in their history of stories. In the Iranian ecology with complex events and special social relations – a kind of abstract thought is produced which is different from the analogy with its western example, the narrative of Ibne Tofayle Andolosy.In the recent narrative, the universe has more objective phenomena Manuscript profile

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