urban system

Open Access Article

1 - A New Approach to Manifestations of Globalization in Megalopolises in South countries
Mehrdad Navabakhsh rasoul maleki nezamabad Mohammad taqi Masoumi

  For thousands of years cities have been centers for a variety of thoughts, cultures, human beings' social interactions, and places for development of urbanism. Although when human beings came into existence, most of them started living and working in villages, se More

  For thousands of years cities have been centers for a variety of thoughts, cultures, human beings' social interactions, and places for development of urbanism. Although when human beings came into existence, most of them started living and working in villages, settlements, towns and communities, but in year 2000 and especially in the later decades of the 20th century, two important events were urbanism and global cities appearance. Meanwhile metropolises in south countries with a first world city inside them have an objective and wide entity and are affected by global agents These days, each city in the First World and industrialized countries has a Third World town inside. These Third World-oriented towns face problems such as unemployment, environment, malnutrition, starvation, diseases, children death and child labor. On the contrary, each Third World city has a First-World Town inside which enjoys high-tech communications and facilities. This reveals contradictions, challenges and great gaps which cities are involved.    In this research we try to study political, economical, social and cultural effects of globalization on metropolises cities in south countries in different dimensions and through comparative study and use of developed countries' experience to make suitable solutions in developing countries' urban planning and ordering. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Evaluation of the Urban Settlement s Optimal System
Melika Mehriar Kianoosh Zaker Haghighi

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Open Access Article

3 - Analysis of effective components in the realization of integrated management of Tehran urban area
solmaz sanaei Rahim Sarvar Bakhtyar ezatpanah

Due to various divisions and fragmentation in the institutional-managerial structures of urban and metropolitan areas, the issue of inefficiency and effectiveness of management measures has become a major problem. Considering the residence of about 20 million people in More

Due to various divisions and fragmentation in the institutional-managerial structures of urban and metropolitan areas, the issue of inefficiency and effectiveness of management measures has become a major problem. Considering the residence of about 20 million people in the metropolitan area of Tehran, identifying divisions and counting the effective components in establishing integrated management is very important. In this research, using a futuristic approach, the key drivers of the development of integrated management of Tehran urban area in 4 main components (knowledge and information, education and culture, public and citizen participation and general environmental management) have been identified; After extracting the effective components, they were ranked using Delphi technique and Micmac software. In the macro analysis of variable knowledge and information trends, "citizens' awareness of laws and regulations" has the highest consensus and certainty; in the macro analysis of education and knowledge trends, the drivers of "using the experiences of successful countries" have the highest priority; The variable "cooperation of local councils" is the most important and in the macro analysis of general environmental management trends, the variable "the degree of commitment of the organization to the implementation of laws and regulations" has the highest certainty and consensus. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Analysis of the position of new cities in the Tehran metropolitan space system
Hossein Alipouremail Nobakht Sobhani

The new cities after World War II were a model for solving the social, economic, and environmental problems caused by the concentration of large cities. These new towns were located and settled in order to solve these problems as well as to attract the population overfl More

The new cities after World War II were a model for solving the social, economic, and environmental problems caused by the concentration of large cities. These new towns were located and settled in order to solve these problems as well as to attract the population overflow in the area of these cities. Thus, this pattern has been considered in many countries of the world, and in Iran before 1977, with the aim of providing housing for industrial workers and after the victory of the Islamic Revolution, in order to attract the overflow of the population of the main cities, attention has been paid. The present study was designed to analyze the position of new cities in the Tehran metropolitan space system. The method used in this research has been descriptive-analytic. The findings indicate that the location and establishment of new cities in Iran, especially around the Tehran metropolis, have not met the expected goals the benefits of new cities from the economic and environmental dimension, their position in the spatial system of Tehran's urban area. To reduce the economic attractiveness and livelihoods of Tehran's metropolitan area. also, among the new cities around Tehran, the only new city of thought is due to being located in an area that has potential and actual economic potential, a history of urbanization, being in the center of activity and being attractive enough to invest in cooperative sectors (cooperative housing companies) and the private sector is almost successful and could achieve the quantitative and predictable demographic targets projected for the city Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Investigating the position of foresighting in Iran's urban system Central issue: Tensions in establishing urban management integrity
Mohammadhossein Bboochani Aliasghar Malekafzali Ali Moslehi

The multiplicity of decision-making and decision-making institutions in the field of urban management, their territorial interference, legal and managerial violations, as well as planning are among the challenges for urban management.In order to eliminate and reduce the More

The multiplicity of decision-making and decision-making institutions in the field of urban management, their territorial interference, legal and managerial violations, as well as planning are among the challenges for urban management.In order to eliminate and reduce the effects of these challenges, the urban management system needs an integrated management system so that all management institutions act in harmony with each other.The problem studied in this Research is how to achieve integrated urban management despite the many challenges in the city management system (internal and external) that these challenges have not been realized in Iran so far, so the proposal of this study to use the Foresight method . The purpose of this study is to identify all challenges (uncertainties) and identify critical challenges (critical uncertainties) through the foresight process and ultimately select possible future scenarios and plan to achieve integrated management in line with the scenarios ahead. In this study, all uncertainties are extracted and probable futures for the occurrence of each are stated (alternative futures). This work is done by collecting a semi-structured questionnaire and in-depth interviews with urban management actors and relevant experts and specialists. Finally, the proposed process of Foresight method in the integrated management system is expressed so that with the help of this method, a step can be taken towards achieving an integrated urban management. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Investigating Spatial Distribution of Population in Urban System of Huge Area, Azerbaijan
Mohammad Hasan Yazdani Ata Ghafari Gilande Ahmad Aftab

Imbalance in settlement system is one of the most important challenges of urbanization development and urban system in Iran. Considering Imbalance in population distribution is the cause of inequality in other sections such as economic, social and political activities, More

Imbalance in settlement system is one of the most important challenges of urbanization development and urban system in Iran. Considering Imbalance in population distribution is the cause of inequality in other sections such as economic, social and political activities, any efforts to regulate it requires the study of current situation and trends in this field. This article aims to investigate the spatial distribution of population in urban system of huge area, Azerbaijan and its development in the last fifty-five years (1956-2011). The research was applicatory and its method was descriptive-analytic. Using Moran index and prime city techniques and indexes concentration and equilibrium were considered. The studied statistical population included cities of western Azerbaijan, eastern Azerbaijan, and Ardebil (124 cities). The findings resulting from Moran index indicated the random distribution of urban centers and urban population in Azerbaijan. Also the results showed that the equilibrium of the region increased and the distance between big cities and central and small cities declined over time in the urban system as a whole. In addition, any movement towards optimal distribution of urban population in the region and returning to equilibrium conditions in the urban hierarchy was observed in Azerbaijan. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - On the Analysis of Urban Hierarchy and Balancing the Spatial Distribution of Urban Centers Population in Guilan Province
E. Pourramzan E. Darvish-Rahimabadi

Urban hierarchy in terms of quantity is the best form of organizing space. Because it makes the distribution of activities and services at the community level, balancing classification, performance and appearance of different ways of life in the various geographical are More

Urban hierarchy in terms of quantity is the best form of organizing space. Because it makes the distribution of activities and services at the community level, balancing classification, performance and appearance of different ways of life in the various geographical areas .Population distribution system is not balanced in the province and do not get a proper image form of accommodation and population settlement and cities .It was determined by studying the urban hierarchy of Gilan province during the years 1355 to 1395 .It was determined by studying the urban hierarchy Gilan during the years 1355 to 1395 the city of Rasht as the capital of Gilan and the metropolis area with a 42.41 percent of the urban population in 1395 in the "First City" demonstrated their dominant role and now all factors: geographical, social, economic, political, cultural and ...is in the interest of the city and to the detriment of small living centers. Meanwhile, concentration of the population led social and cultural difficulties such as housing problems, expensive land, rent, traffic congestion, failures in service and finally, a wide range of environmental contamination. This city in terms of having appropriate areas of political, economic and cultural, various migrants from surrounding areas has attracted and has been away urban hierarchy of Rank – Size law; So that in 1355 the city of Rasht was 3.41 equal the second largest city (Anzali).In 1390 the population of city of Rasht is 5.48 equal the second population (Anzali).To determine the population dynamics and rank cities in recent years, and its effects on the unbalanced development of urban centers, centralization and domination of one city in the provincial urban it is necessary to take measures in order to spatial organization of urban centers and a balanced distribution of geographical Society according to the possibilities and the limitations and comparative advantages of each region and with respect to land use planning policies and modify spatial development of urban centers. The most important approaches of this research is centralization Of city and Rasht area and attention to small and medium cities Province Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - On The Regional Analysis of the Spatial Regulation of Cities in the Zagros Region with an Approach of Objective and Subjective Regions
N. Zali A. Karimiazar R. Azadeh

Looking at the regional plans in Iran shows that the results of these plans have not been profitable in order to balance the urban system and creating a hierarchy of settlement. In the previous studies, the regions were defined based on the political and administrative More

Looking at the regional plans in Iran shows that the results of these plans have not been profitable in order to balance the urban system and creating a hierarchy of settlement. In the previous studies, the regions were defined based on the political and administrative boundaries. As a result, the quantitative models used have non help to improve the urban systems problems. Thus, the main objective of this study is to explain the true concept of region from two points of view (Objective and Subjective views) and true utility of quantitative models in regional planning. In this regard, the Zagros region (including five provinces: Kermanshah, Kurdistan, Hamadan, Lorestan and Elam) and also Kermanshah province were selected as a subjective and objective regions, respectively. The research method of this paper was comparative study and the results of using quantitative models (the Quantitative Indexes of Determining the Primate City and also, the Herfindahl concentration index, Gini Coefficient, and Coefficient of Variation) in the two mentioned regions were compared. The results showed that the urban system in the Zagros region has relative balance compared to Kermanshah province. By analyzing the findings, the approach to this paper is that the concept of the region should be considered in terms of cultural, economic, social, and geographic points of view in order to balance the system of urban settlements and decentralize population, services and facilities. So, we do not summarize this concept on the political and administrative boundaries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Spatial analysis of urban systems in the north of the country during the years 1335 to 1395
Amer Nikpour Milad Hasanalizadeh

By studying urban systems, it becomes more specific the condition distribution and measure balance of population distribution. This article is being Compilation by aim the study changes in the urban system of the northern region to determine its equilibrium situation. T More

By studying urban systems, it becomes more specific the condition distribution and measure balance of population distribution. This article is being Compilation by aim the study changes in the urban system of the northern region to determine its equilibrium situation. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the basis of statistical data is the results of general census of population and housing in the past 8 years. In this paper, classifying the cities of the region over the past 60 years, used of indexes urban primacy includes primate city, tow city, Ginsberg, Mehta, moomaw and alwosabi, dominance mosavi and indexes centralization includes herfindahl, Henderson and indexes Balance includes entropy, coefficient of variation, rank-size to study the urban system of the region. The results perquisite from urban primary indexes and centralization it shows the measure urban primacy and centralization from 1335 to 1365 the trend has been decreasing but from 1365 to 1390 the trend has been on the upside until it in 1395 rebounds Slightly trend has been declines. The results of the indexes Balance also show the imbalance in the spatial distribution of the population in the urban system of the region from 1335 to 1395 has always increased. The results of the rank-size index also is indicate a relatively large difference between the actual population and the desirable population of the cities of region during the studied years and also, the relative importance of middle cities from 1335 to 1355 and domination of urban primary from 1355 to 1395. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - The Transformation of Traditional Urban System to Daily Urban System (DUS) in Guilan Central Region
NASER AZIMI nasrollah molaei hekmat baghaei hasan hosseini amini

Special  geographical  characteristics  of  central  origins  of  Guilan province have always had the potential to cause the crowded centers located  at area  to access the capital city of the province and to other cities eas More

Special  geographical  characteristics  of  central  origins  of  Guilan province have always had the potential to cause the crowded centers located  at area  to access the capital city of the province and to other cities easily and uniquely . However , the lack of good roads to daily connections to the central city did not make this  possibility in the past urban system, but in recent two decades ,development of asphalted roads has made this possibility  so that the traditionally hierarchal system of  the old times changed into the Daily Urban System(DUS).Following this revolution, daily trips  cause  the  population of  the city of Rasht to increase  more  than its fixed population, and this matter caused the argument of  naming Rasht as a  megalopolis. Despite the population of the city of  Rasht which  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - An Analysis of Changes in Network and Urban System of Rasht Town ship in the Last Three Decades
reza hassanpour mohamad heidarzadeh

Introduction   Network and urban system in Rasht town ship suffers from disequilibrium and this trend is constantly increasing due to the city dominance over the surrounding region and even whole province and the lack of strong functional relations among the cent More

Introduction   Network and urban system in Rasht town ship suffers from disequilibrium and this trend is constantly increasing due to the city dominance over the surrounding region and even whole province and the lack of strong functional relations among the centers.In such a condition, the deployment pattern of population and activity in town ship does not follow a right exploitation system of capacities and potentials displaying an inappropriate picture of population deployment. Consequently, the urban network of the town ship lacks a hierarchal function, and the spatial distribution and population volume do not follow functionally hierarchal system. The main objective of the present article is to study system and urban network and an evaluation of the changes in order to present balancing strategies to achieve a logical relationship among the current habitats. Research Methodology   Based on the purpose of the study, this article is an applied one. Regarding methodology, however, it is descriptive-analytic. To collect data, documentary and field studies have been carried out. Documentary study is used to describe the conceptual framework of the study and to complete this documentary study, the field method of data collection has been conducted. Then, models of city size distribution and urban hierarchy such as Zipf Model, logarithmic distribution of rank and size, Lorenz Curve, and Gini density coefficient were used to study and analyze the network and urban system of Rasht city. * Responsible Author:                                                              hasanpour@iaurasht.ac.ir               Results   Presently, Rasht as the first city in the region has over 92 percent of the urban population, and the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cities of Khomam, Lashtnesha, Kochesfahan, Khoshkbijar, and Sangar have respectively allocated around 2.14, 1.8, 1.39, 1.24, and 1.06 percent of the whole population. There is a high gap and distance between these cities and Rasht in terms of number and percent of population. This issue indicates an undesirable condition of population distribution in town ship which imposes an obvious influence over the process of the city development, and the high and low rates of job creation. This is quite evident from frequently daily references of people from surrounding cities and villages to Rasht for working, shopping, etc. Since past decades, the city of Rasht has continually preserved itself as the shopping center so far as it has enjoyed a very high growth in that while small cities carrying special stand in local and regional urban network, have not enjoyed development process and have finally been forgotten. Conclusion   The result reached in the logarithmic distribution of rank and size of different regions of Rasht reveals that this coefficient had a negative slope of less than one at the time of study indicating disequilibrium in regression slope in the town ship urban system and the dominance of the city that follows the first urban pattern which is highly increasing. In all periods of population census, Lorenz curve in Rasht town ship has a high dent which can be felt from the separation degree of monotonous distribution line. The distribution of the cities in the region under study, the numerous small towns, and the presence of metropolitan city of Rasht have resulted in low efficiency in communication among surrounding cities. The result of survey conducted on the hierarchal system of the city through model of Lorenz curve and the Gini density coefficient indicates that population distribution of cities in 1976 and 1996 was half balanced and had critically imbalance condition in 1986 and 2006. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - The Process of Urbanization changes in Guilan Province
bahram karimi mohamad salmani seyed ali badri mohamadreza rezvani mojtaba ghadiri masoom

  Introduction *Corresponding Author:       salmanim@voila.fr   One of the characteristics of our age is urbanization, increasing of urban population and developing and growing of towns and cities. The third millennium has b More

  Introduction *Corresponding Author:       salmanim@voila.fr   One of the characteristics of our age is urbanization, increasing of urban population and developing and growing of towns and cities. The third millennium has been called urbanization age because urban population has increased from 29 million in 1800 to 2/8 billion in 2000. It is forecasted that urban population will be 3/3 billion in 2030, and 90 percent of this population will live in the third world cities. Urbanization in Gilan province has ever been less than its average in Iran but its urban system has been similar to the rest of Iran. Urban pyramid is unbalanced and unequal in Gilan, and the top of the pyramid is very narrow due to existence of big cities, and the base of the pyramid is very wide due to existence of many small towns..   Methodology This research based on studying in Guilan province is going to analyze urbanization dimensions and trends, the increase of city numbers through transformation of villages to towns, and primate city indexes in it. The type of research is applied and its method is descriptive-analytical. Required data has been collected through the results of public Censuses of Housing and Population from 1956 to 2006. Results The survey of population and urbanization in Guilan province shows that urban population were increasing from 1956 to 1986, and  had a falling trend from 1986 to 1996; in all of these periods urban population growth rate was more than rural and total population growth rate but rural population was always more than urban population. In 2006, for the first time urban population has transcended to rural population. The increase of extent and ratio of urbanization has been due to increase of rural immigration and the transformation of villages to towns. During the late five decades, Guilan province has ever faced with increasing of city numbers. The average of population of villages transformed to towns is low. Grouping of cities shows that the cities with population between 10000 and100000 have increased from 1966 to 2006, but cities with population more than 100000 haven't changed so much. The survey of numbers and population of cities in different groups shows that small towns (less than 25000 populations) have had the least population and the most numbers in all periods of Censuses. Primate city indexes in Guilan indicate that urban system is unbalanced; it means that primate city degree and centralization are high there. The main reason for this centralization is the state's policies and modernization. Conclusion Surveys indicate urbanization level in Guilan province has increased and rural population ratio has decreased in five recent decades. Rasht city (the capital of the province) has had the most urban population; within the six periods of Censuses the average of its population has been 43/1 percent of urban population of Guilan province. This unbalanced population distribution in the province is because of unbalanced distribution of services and facilities there. So it is necessary to change or improve the population settlement and settling pattern in order to achieve development.   Manuscript profile

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