rural-urban

Open Access Article

1 - Explaining the process of merging villages to cities in warm and dry climate of Iran
Mohammad Mehdi Azizi Esfandiar Zebardast Reza Akbari

10.30495/hoviatshahr.2020.15715

In recent decades, urban exogenous development has led to unilateral but multidimensional movement in the physical, social, cultural and economic fields to the surrounding villages which forms the merger and encounter of urban-rural systems and creates pre-urbanization. More

In recent decades, urban exogenous development has led to unilateral but multidimensional movement in the physical, social, cultural and economic fields to the surrounding villages which forms the merger and encounter of urban-rural systems and creates pre-urbanization. In this process, the villages in pre-urban interface gradually adopt urban features and merge into it insofar are known as a part of the city. The merging villages to city in warm and dry climate regions has occurred frequently due to the proximity of villages to the city through shared traditional water networks in Iran (Qanat) and created different types of urban-rural areas in the cities. To answer this question that what steps are being taken in the process of merging villages to city, the general process of merging villages to city has formulated in this research. This process is based on the three stages including " start merging "(Creating transformation and transition areas between the city and villages), " degree of merging " (Complete, slow and incomplete transmutation) and " merging effects ". This process is elaborated in case studies include Yazd, Kerman and Kashan (selecting middle cities in warm and dry climates among a plurality of samples) and Ultimately, a special process of merging villages to city in warm and dry climate cities is produced. To convert the general process of merging into specific one in a warm and dry climate, the first step is typology of variety urban-rural areas and recognizing specific features of any one. Accordingly, in case studies analysis and evaluation, three urban- rural species including urban type (with dominant urban characteristics), urban-rural type (with both rural and urban characteristics) and rural type (with dominant rural characteristics) are achieved by using the cluster analysis and k- means method based on three factors. These factors are “physical oriented", " community oriented " and "natural oriented ". The results of the general process of merging analysis indicate that the degree of merging villages in the city (second step of the merging process) is determined Based on "rural location in the city", "type of development" and the mutual relationship between "population density", "area" and "construction density". It also shows that Environmental inequalities are formed in the first step, where Created a transition area that has directly proportional to the distance from the city and established push-pull forces based on the exchange, interaction and contrast forces between the city and villages, and in the second step, degree of merging villages in the city, fixed by battle of pull-push forces. Finally, by presenting a special process of merging villages in the cities of warm and dry climate, the level of environmental inequalities in types is presented. Study of the process of merging villages to the city is a new and effective action to achieving the root causes of inequalities and planning for them, which ultimately can provide a well-defined framework for investigation and analyzing past, existing and future rural-urban trends in the city in order to develop them more sustainable. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Farm Corporations as Agropolitan Development in Iran
Seyed Ali Hashemianfar Shahriyar Paknia Maryam Sabeti

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Open Access Article

3 - Evaluation of the impact of urban-rural migrations on land use changes in metropolitan cities (A Case study of Tabriz Metropolis)
gholamreza mokhtari farivar karim hoseinzade delir hosein nazamfar

With their many functions, metropolitan cities have strong relationships with the peripheral areas and especially the villages of the penetration zone, and this has a profound impact on the economic, social, cultural, and even physical aspects of the villages. Economic More

With their many functions, metropolitan cities have strong relationships with the peripheral areas and especially the villages of the penetration zone, and this has a profound impact on the economic, social, cultural, and even physical aspects of the villages. Economic growth of cities is due to their economic relations. The city and the countryside have the advantages of attracting rural employment, creating out-of-village job opportunities and rural-urban migration. The metropolis of Tabriz, in various historical periods, has played a strong transnational role from Eastern Europe to South and Central Asia, which shows its undeniable role in taking on some strong professional functions to perform this task. This interconnection between the metropolitan city of Tabriz and its sphere of influence, on one hand, extends the physical development of the city to its national metropolis, and on the other hand, the physical development of the surrounding villages and extensive user changes in these villages, along with widespread demographic, economic and cultural changes will be obtained. This issue is the main subject of the present research and its main objective is to monitor and evaluate the role of the expansion of the metropolitan city of Tabriz by urban-rural migrations and its impact on physical changes, in particular, land use changes in the urban areas. This study concerning its purpose is a descriptive one and as the methodology is considered is an applied research which has been developed based on the questionnaires used in the study and analyzing its items. To achieve the objectives of the study, we used the Cronbach, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, T-Student and multivariate regression tests. The results show strong correlation between migration and change indicators if more than 85% of land use variations are expected by the migratory variables. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Identifying Factors Affecting on Rural Immigration to Sardasht City
Reza Movahedi Masoud Samiyan

Most of researches on rural immigration to cities have mainly focused on identifying reasons and factors for taking place this emigration until new solutions and strategies can be presented for rural development planning. Therefore, this study has focused on exploring v More

Most of researches on rural immigration to cities have mainly focused on identifying reasons and factors for taking place this emigration until new solutions and strategies can be presented for rural development planning. Therefore, this study has focused on exploring various factors affecting the rural immigration to Sardasht city. The study was a quantitative and descriptive-analytic in terms of nature but in terms of data collection method it has used a kind of surveying methodology. Data collection tool was a questionnaire that validated by face validity method as well as the questionnaire's reliability tested by using a Cronbach's Alpha technique. Statistical society of the study was emigrants of 10 villages of Sardasht that have been settled in cities and their population was 600 people. Using Cochran formula, 120 of them were selected from the whole society randomly. According to the results of this study, factors affecting emigration of rural immigrants in Sardasht city can be divided into ten factors that these factors, in total, determine more than 74% of effective factors in emigration: economic and supportive (23%), imbalance between rural and urban facilities (10%), communication and information (8%), cultural (8%), geographical (5%), income (4%), infrastructure (4%), weather and climate (3%), social (3%), and personal factors (2%). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Evaluation of physical Changes and New Spaces Housing in Rural-Urban(Case Study: Dehchesmeh Rural-Urban, Farsan County)
اسکندر seydaei حجت اله sadeghi معصومه fadaei

Rural Housing is one of the basic structures in the rural context, The shape, texture and quality requirements are influenced by economic, social, cultural and physical professionalism. On the other hand, the structural and functional changes in the rural environment ar More

Rural Housing is one of the basic structures in the rural context, The shape, texture and quality requirements are influenced by economic, social, cultural and physical professionalism. On the other hand, the structural and functional changes in the rural environment are interdependent, and a change in one component, the other components are affected villages occurs. Housing as a component of rural systems due to structural and functional changes may accept new patterns, The context of rural-urban village in the context . The aim of this study was to evaluate a body of Physical changes and New Spaces of Housing as a case study, Dehchesmeh rural-urban, Farsan of county. The research methodology is based on objective and is based on cross-sectional nature. To collect information from library and survey methods used. Field data collected through the questionnaire and interview techniques. The population was1.300 households, 221 households using Cochran formula 0.06 as determined by the error rate were studied.The results showed that compared to the previous pattern of new housing in a variety of uses such as overall size of the building, in space, number of rooms, building new spaces like the hall, parking, and building condition of public spaces (field thoroughfares) is a An Keen. And the use of new housing areas like the living room, bedroom, kitchen and bathroom and are ideal and desired family size. According to the results obtained with the new model of family housing and subsistence needs of biological is adaptation . The new paradigm of rural housing and residential neighborhoods such as texture, size and shape of the neighborhood and housing as well as the relevance to biological and subsistence needs are satisfied. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Process Analysis of Functional Changes of Rural Settlements in Southwestern of Tehran Metropolis
Bayram Ebadi Mohamadbaset Ghoreshi Nasrollah Molaei

Functional changes in the rural areas under the influence of Tehran are among important changes that have occurred in the years after the Islamic Revolution in Iran. The survey was conducted in rural settlements functional changes southwestern metropolis of Tehran after More

Functional changes in the rural areas under the influence of Tehran are among important changes that have occurred in the years after the Islamic Revolution in Iran. The survey was conducted in rural settlements functional changes southwestern metropolis of Tehran after the Islamic Revolution (period 1978-20013) in four steps including a review of functional changes, causes, consequences and solutions development and organization of rural areas. The study area includes 4 rural districts and 13 villages now and 17 villages in the past. Dimensions of functional changes are: the population, the employment and activity, land use, socio-cultural and physical features, and the rural landscape. The results show wide variations from 1357 to 1392 in all aspects of the investigation. In the population aspect These changes include increasing the number of households and high growth rates, unequal distribution of the population in rural areas for focus in several villages and gradual evacuation of the population in small villages, and the rise of hierarchical migration. Activities include changes in employment and a decrease in the share of employment in primary activities (agriculture, horticulture and animal husbandry) and an increase in the share of employment, labor and employee industrial and service jobs in rural areas, intermediate cities and the fading role of providing services to rural areas the Tehran directly, reducing the acreage of agricultural land, the cultivation of subsistence crops of cultivated agricultural products produced Non-living and changes in accordance with the requirements of Tehran, changes in the type of land use of the land tenure system Partake, reducing livestock Traditional and increased livestock production, increase manufacturing workshop and increase the performance of tourism in villages. In land use, the results indicate a strong land use changes within and outside the villages. The social-culture dimension of changes included the urban lifestyle, social conflicts between immigrants and natives, and lack of sense of place to the village residents. tall buildings, the use of resistant materials but exotic, adjacent of old and new tissue, and disruption space, including important changes in the physical space. Factors affecting the villages studied functional changes, are external factors associated with the role and development of metropolitan Tehran. Distance access, high population, restrictions on the development of agricultural employment, the political and administrative complexity of the city and the metropolitan area, including the factors affecting the functional changes of villages southwest of Tehran. Finally With Increasing government attention and apply appropriate regulations for studied dimension, we can hope to happen sustainable development in this rural area. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article