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Open Access Article
1 - Assessment Unnecessary Costs in Family Physicians with Comprehensive Approach to Care (Cuts in Family Physician Program
Mahmod Kazemian fatemeh kaviyan telouri SHer ali MirdarvatanIntroduction: Family medicine program with the aim of reduction in unnecessary cost, has been implemented in Iran, in rural and under 20,000 population urban areas in 1384. In this study, this targeting has been assessed by comprehensive care criterion in 17 health cent MoreIntroduction: Family medicine program with the aim of reduction in unnecessary cost, has been implemented in Iran, in rural and under 20,000 population urban areas in 1384. In this study, this targeting has been assessed by comprehensive care criterion in 17 health centers of Gorgan city in Iran. Methods: In this research, the assessment of Rural Family Physician Program in 17 rural health centers of Gorgan city in 24 months has been carried out within an error-correction regression model in panel data framework. The results of regression estimations showed the weight/importance coefficients in comprehensive health car indicator, and then, the main/elasticity coefficients for the indicators, differentiating short-term and long-term trends on unnecessary cost indicator. Results: The effect of family physician on reduction in unnecessary cost, expectedly, was considerable, accounting for 6.6 percent. In contrast, the effect of nursing services in the program was too low, accounting for 0.2 percent, and the effect of lab services was much limited, accounting for 1.7 percent. Also, pharmaceutical (drug supply) services not expected. Conclusion: In the family medicine program, to reduce in unnecessary cost, it is important to provide adequate pre-referral services, regarding comprehensive health care in the health centers under management of primary health care physician. But, comprehensive care in the Gorgan health centers has failed to meet expectations, since the shares and effects of nursing and laboratory services in the program were low. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Untimarketing the Unnecessary Use of Health Services on Social Security Organization
ghasem zarei tahereh zarei somayeh pourghadimiIntroduction: Health services, like other services, have a specific capacity and overuse of this capacity will reduce quality. Part of the referrals to the Social Security Organization for the use of health care services is unnecessary visits and leads to improper use o MoreIntroduction: Health services, like other services, have a specific capacity and overuse of this capacity will reduce quality. Part of the referrals to the Social Security Organization for the use of health care services is unnecessary visits and leads to improper use of available capacities. Anti-marketing is one of the duties of marketers to carry out activities to discourage people from consuming products or services. The purpose of this study is to identify the causes and methods of anti-marketing in theunnecessary use of health care services of the Social Security Organization. Methods: This research is an applied in terms of research purpose, exploratory in terms of nature and qualitative research in terms of approach. In this research, the data from an interview with 24 physicians, staff and clients referring to social security centers using the grounded Theory Method and was analyzed in three stages (open coding, axial coding and selective coding). Results: As a result of data analysis, 27 concepts from all interviews were extracted and eventually categorized into selective coding in six segments of cultural, personal, infrastructural, access, medical and communication. Conclusion: Based on the results of the research, social security organization should pay attention to the causes of unnecessary referrals to social welfare centers, and use relevant strategies in various cultural, personal, hospital settings, and communication in their planning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Laws and Necessity
امیر کرباسی زادهIn this paper, I offer a view of laws as descriptions oranalyses of fundamental dispositions. As analyses of dispositions,laws are metaphysically necessary truths. In the first section Iexplain what I mean by laws being property description. In thesecond section, I cons MoreIn this paper, I offer a view of laws as descriptions oranalyses of fundamental dispositions. As analyses of dispositions,laws are metaphysically necessary truths. In the first section Iexplain what I mean by laws being property description. In thesecond section, I consider the possibility of being some necessarytruth can be known a posteriori and I claim laws of nature have thisepistemic status. In the last two sections, I try to accommodate myview on laws of nature with the modal intuitions about physicalnecessity that have lead many to reject necessary laws. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - investigation of land cover changes using remote sensing technique (Case study: Katalan unit)
Maryam Nazemi jalal Marzieh Alikhah-Asl Elham ForootanBackground and Objective: Updated and correct information is necessary for using and optimized managing of a land. Land cover map is one of the most important information resources in natural resource management. The goal of this research is to provide Katalan land cove MoreBackground and Objective: Updated and correct information is necessary for using and optimized managing of a land. Land cover map is one of the most important information resources in natural resource management. The goal of this research is to provide Katalan land cover map for investigating land use changes during 12 years in this area. Material and Methodology: For this purpose, satellite images such as Landsat ETM 2001 and OLI 2013 were used after performing necessary corrections whereas; GPS and topographic maps were implemented for surveying fields and gathering trained samples. Land cover maps were provided using supervised classification method with maximum likelihood algorithm. Findings: The results of this study revealed that the study area comprises six classes viz. irrigated farm land, rainfed farm land, bare land, rock stone, range land and mine class. The overall accuracy and kappa coefficient for 2013 map were estimated 86.11% and 0.82, respectively and theses values for 2001 land use map were 78.26%, and 0.71, respectively. Discussion and Conclusions: The results of this research revealed that the class of farm land, bare land and range land were increased 1.84%, 1.29%, and 1.21%from 2001 to 2013, and the class of rock stone and rainfed farmland were decreased 5.09%, and 0 .62%, respectively. Also, there was not mine class in 2001 but this class was 1.36% equivalent to 49.3939 hectare of the whole area in 2013. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Detecting the location of the boundary layers in singular perturbation problems with general linear non-local boundary conditions
N. ‎Aliev S. Ashrafi A. R. Sarakhsi‎ -
Open Access Article
6 - God's essence and his attributes in view of Avicenna and Ghazali.
faride hakimi Mahdi DehbashiIn Avicenna's idea, knowledge of the God's inner most core is impossible, because human reason is incapable to perceive the very essence of God. But knowing his essence through recognition of his aspects and Monica stations would be possible. These aspects called be kno MoreIn Avicenna's idea, knowledge of the God's inner most core is impossible, because human reason is incapable to perceive the very essence of God. But knowing his essence through recognition of his aspects and Monica stations would be possible. These aspects called be known in the context of understanding Gods Name & existence. Avicenna believes that the Gods existence & attributes are the same and identical. Existence of the main attributes the necessary existence, transcendence which created between his Existence & attribute is one of the considerable issues in theology which has been observed either in essential attributes or attributes of acts. Ghazali has no doubt that in virtue of reason and sharia; there is no similarity between the God & other creatures. What has been denied in account of reason & Sharia is on the context of essential similarity which is accomplished idiomatically between two identical of one kind. Ghazali proves all the attributes which is devoted to those God, but he believes that these attributes are added to his essence and also through his eternity interferences in attributes. Also there are distinctions about some attributes like knowledge between the two thinkers. In this paper, it has been tried to prove the existence of these attributes as real and united with God's essence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Self-confidence not Narcissism A Study of Lahoori’s Golshan-e Raz-e Jadid and Comparing it with Shabestari’s Golshan-e Raz
Abas EtminaniEqbal Lahoory the Pakistani thinker and mystic Loved Iran and Islamic mysticism and beleveid that the emancipation Muslims depends on their return to the Islamic traditions. But he believed that some of the ideas of Islamic mysticism   MoreEqbal Lahoory the Pakistani thinker and mystic Loved Iran and Islamic mysticism and beleveid that the emancipation Muslims depends on their return to the Islamic traditions. But he believed that some of the ideas of Islamic mysticism need to be revised. He had a special attention to Mawlana Jalaloddin Romi and Shabestari‟s Golshan-e Raz. He considered Amir hussein Heraviy s questions important and as a resalt tried o compose (Golshan-e Raz Jadid) and Replay to some of the mystic and philosophic concepts of (Golshane Raz) Suchus: thought and it‟s scope, Contingent being and Necessary Being, Pantheism, Eternal and Not Eternal. He thought the Progress of Islamic Nafions Depends on it‟s Return to “Selfness”. and the progress of Islamic nations. We have tried to point to the differences between the View Points of these two thinkers of Islam. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The relationship between self-efficacy in career decision-making and psychological flexibility and aggression in high school female students in Yazd
فرزانه السادات رضوی نجمه سدرپوشانAbstractThe current research aimed to determine the causal relationship between the variables of aggression and psychological flexibility with self-efficacy in deciding the career path of secondary school girls in Yazd city. 4769 female secondary school students of Yazd MoreAbstractThe current research aimed to determine the causal relationship between the variables of aggression and psychological flexibility with self-efficacy in deciding the career path of secondary school girls in Yazd city. 4769 female secondary school students of Yazd District two were selected in the academic year 1401-1402 by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The research tools included the aggression questionnaire by Bass and Perry (1978), the psychological flexibility questionnaire (acceptance and action) (AAQ-R) by Ross Harris (2000), and the self-efficacy questionnaire for career path decision-making by Betts and Taylor (1996). The research design was a correlation (structural analysis type). The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM), SPSS version 25, and AMOS version 20 software. The analysis results confirmed the fit of the hypothesized model after some correction indices for the covariance between errors related to self-evaluation and goal setting. They showed that the impact of aggression on the self-efficacy of students' career path decision-making is negative and significant, and psychological flexibility had positive impact on the decision-making self-efficacy. The career path of students is positive and meaningful. Considering the importance of self-efficacy in deciding students' career paths in determining the educational way, it is necessary to consider the factors affecting it, including the variables studied in this research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Analysis of the language relativity theory in the beam of sociological and anthropological proofs
Narmineh MoeenianLanguage is not only a means of communication but it has also changed into a social and cultural basis in its evolution direction that contains facilities and limitations for recognizing, establishing and directing social, legal and cultural relations. In this study, th MoreLanguage is not only a means of communication but it has also changed into a social and cultural basis in its evolution direction that contains facilities and limitations for recognizing, establishing and directing social, legal and cultural relations. In this study, the facilities and limitations of language were analyzed in the beam of language relativity theory perspective to survey some proofs in the field of sociology and anthropology of language which are the effects of language on ideology, social and cultural relations and cognitive direction of the speakers of that language. The language relativity theory is established by sociolinguists such as Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf and claims that the direction of thought, cognition, object classification, ideology, judgment, and reasoning in natural, biological, social, legal and cultural categories are affected by the structure and content of the linguistic elements of the speakers of that language. In the current study, the foregoing claim of this theory is surveyed considering the proofs in the field of language sociology and anthropology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Compulsive Murder in Shiite Jurisprudence
kiyoumars kalantari morteza jalilzadehNecessary murder was not discussed specially among Jurists, but some of them debated to this subject, among are Jurisprudential issues for the commission of murder and they said necessity isn’t license to commit murder. Their main reason is Rule of La Taghiyeh Fi Dema MoreNecessary murder was not discussed specially among Jurists, but some of them debated to this subject, among are Jurisprudential issues for the commission of murder and they said necessity isn’t license to commit murder. Their main reason is Rule of La Taghiyeh Fi Dema. However, they accepted to this general rule and in some cases, they allowed murder committed in necessary condition. One of these exceptional required the general conditions that among them we can pointed to the certainly death danger for person in necessary condition, person in necessary condition doesn’t has out law (Yaghi and Baghi), the murder commission was permitted until existence of necessary condition. Cases that necessary murder is authorized consisted of: 1- murder as necessity to food belonging to another person. 2- Necessity for killing fetus that has Soul. 3- Duress to murder. 4 Necessary murder in contention duties at crowd out important 5- Necessary murder for protecting of important person’s life. In this article, we tried to making clear every one of mentioned above cases with leaning on the religious jurisprudence texts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Analytical study of the historical course of "necessary Waqf" in the knowledge of Stopping and the beginning of the Holy Quran
roohallah mohamad ali nejad omran Mohsen Ghasem Pour Ravandi Karim Parchebaf dowlati Mohammad Rasool TakbiriOne of the most important signs of stopping and the first in the Holy Qur'an, the necessary endowment sign is "م". The current research tries to analyze the historical course of the necessary Waqf from the time of Sajavand, who was the creator of this MoreOne of the most important signs of stopping and the first in the Holy Qur'an, the necessary endowment sign is "م". The current research tries to analyze the historical course of the necessary Waqf from the time of Sajavand, who was the creator of this type of endowment, to the time of contemporaries by adopting the descriptive-analytical method. After studying the necessary Waqfs, it was found that the verses in which the necessary Waqf sign is used, are mostly in the field of religious verses.In case of non-observance of the required endowment, it is possible to get an understanding contrary to the divine intention of the verses of the Holy Quran. This misunderstanding can go to such an extent that the divine intention of the verses of the Holy Qur'an appears to be the exact opposite. With the historical investigation, it is clear that from the time of Sajavandi to the contemporary time, the number of 16 items has been considered necessary in all periods; 3 items were first necessary, then unnecessary and again changed to necessary; 29 cases were necessary at the beginning, but became unnecessary until modern times; 3 items were initially unnecessary and became necessary until modern times; There were differences in 3 cases and there was no steady course. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Acquired knowledge to the necessary Being in Mulla Sadra’s approach
Mohammad Kazem Reza zadeh joudiKnowing God is the hiest level of human knowledges. The mode of this knowledge has always been notable and controversial subject. The acquired knowledge is one of the two kinds of knowledge in which by the mental concepts the knowledge of o MoreKnowing God is the hiest level of human knowledges. The mode of this knowledge has always been notable and controversial subject. The acquired knowledge is one of the two kinds of knowledge in which by the mental concepts the knowledge of objects can be achieved. In Transcendental theosophy, Knowledge of thing, has been On the basis of criteria such as the existential relationship between Two objects, Perceived thing should be an effect and depends on its existential degree. Accordingly, the basic question is, How is the acquired knowledge to the necessary Being ? Mulla Sadra, by representing different levels of knowledge of God such as essence, attributes and acts, rejects the acquired knowledge in certain levels. In this article, at the first section, three criteria for obtaining acquired knowledge between two objects has been Explained. in the second part, the reasons for rejecting the acquired knowledge to God’s nature such as :God's specific being, essential simpility & his infinity , And the possibility of acquired knowledge of divine attributes and acts has been taken into consideration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Evaluating Climate Change and Anthropogenic effects on inducing Salt Storms & Aerosol Hazards Risk in Urmia Lake
Jalal Valiallahi Abolfazl Soltani Mostafa Ahmadi Eghbal
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