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Open Access Article
1 - Review on mycotoxins determination by infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics in Food stuff
Rouhollah Karami-Osboo Mohamd hoseein Shojaee Hassan YazdanpanahMycotoxins are toxic secondary fungi metabolites and grow in most parts of the world and a variety of agricultural products, including dried fruits and cereals, and the toxic metabolites of fungi (mycotoxins) are responsible for many non-communicable diseases in humans MoreMycotoxins are toxic secondary fungi metabolites and grow in most parts of the world and a variety of agricultural products, including dried fruits and cereals, and the toxic metabolites of fungi (mycotoxins) are responsible for many non-communicable diseases in humans and livestock communities. Many methods for measuring toxins in the food chain have been introduced; thin-layer chromatography (TLC), methods based on gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry liquid chromatography (LC-MS) have been used for mycotoxins determination, these methods are widely used, but they are expensive, time consumable and besides, the original sample will destroy. Therefore, it is very important to identify mycotoxins in food products, by cheap, simple, fast, and non-destructive alternative methods that can even be used in the field. Infrared spectroscopy has been used in quality control of the food industry as a fast and non-destructive method. The potential of the infrared spectroscopy technique has been investigated for the analysis of Fusariotoxins, Aflatoxins, Ochratoxin A, patulin, etc. Due to the various reports of contamination of agriculture products with mycotoxins in Iran, this article review recent studies on the application of infrared spectroscopy and the measurement of the mycotoxins. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Contamination rate of ochratoxin A in rice on Isfahan retail market
ابراهیم Rahimi امیر Shakerian محسن Jafarian محمد Kajbafi Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin that possess a risk to human health due to its nephrotoxic, immunotoxic, mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic consequences. This study was undertaken to determine the presence and levels of OTA in different types of rice More Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin that possess a risk to human health due to its nephrotoxic, immunotoxic, mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic consequences. This study was undertaken to determine the presence and levels of OTA in different types of rice distributed in Isfahan. For this, a total sample of 120 from 8 various types of rice was obtained from retail markets of Isfahan. Using ELISA method the samples were analyzed for the presence and contamination level of OTA. According to the kit manufacturer’s instruction, the recovery percentage of OTA in spiked rice samples at concentration of 5 ng/g was estimated at 84.9% and the detection limits for OTA was 0.625 ng/g. Analytical results showed a frequency of contamination of 20.8% of total rice samples. Levels of OTA in positive samples ranged from 1.07 to 10.83 ng/g and the average contamination level of samples was estimated at 3.5 ng/g. Among the samples, 3.3% were exceeded the permissible limits of 5 ng/g set by the European Regulations for OTA in cereals. According to the results, the daily intake of OTA via contaminated rice was estimated at 5.6 ng/kg bw/day. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Survey of ochratoxin A in raisin produced in Hamadan province factories and relationship between contamination with defective seeds
علی Heshmati علی اصغر Vahidinia مرضیه Jafari Ochratoxin A is one of the most common of raisin mycotoxins which is potential nephrotoxin in human and a teratogenic, mutagenic, carcinogenic and immunosuppressive toxin. The aim of this study was to determine the amount of ochratoxin in raisin produced in More Ochratoxin A is one of the most common of raisin mycotoxins which is potential nephrotoxin in human and a teratogenic, mutagenic, carcinogenic and immunosuppressive toxin. The aim of this study was to determine the amount of ochratoxin in raisin produced in Hamadan factories and its relationship with product quality (percentage of defective seeds). Sixty six raisin samples from 22 raisin producing plants in Hamadan province gathered in 2011-2012. Ochratoxin A from samples was extracted, cleaned up by immunoaffinity column and quantified with HPLC. Defective seed contents (in percentage) were determined by dividing unripe, damaged, moldy and sugary seed weight to sample weight (100 g). Ochratoxin average value and defective seed percentage was 1.72 μg/kg and 3.49%, respectively. Twenty three sampled had no ochratoxin; in 38 samples, Ochratoxin level was less than the national standard level (5 μg/kg); 5 samples had ochratoxin level more than 5 μg/kg. In all samples, defective seed percentage was less than the maximum allowable amount (10%). The apparent quality of raisin, defective seed percentage, was not significantly correlated with the amount of ochratoxin (P< 0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Mycotoxins in Silages: Occurrence and Prevention
Y. Acosta Aragon I. Rodrigues U. Hofstette E.M. Binder -
Open Access Article
5 - Anatomo-Pathological Consequences of Mycotoxins Contamination in Rabbits Feed
آ. تینلی جی. پسانتینو آ. پریلو ن. زیزو -
Open Access Article
6 - Effect of Packaging and Storage Temperature on the Population of Aspergillus section Flavi and Aflatoxin Production in Fresh Pistachios
Hossein Afshari Mehdi Mohammadi-Moghadam Abolfazl Rezaee-Ahvanouyi Seyed Hamidreza Ziaolhagh Seyed Reza Fani Majid Aldaghi -
Open Access Article
7 - Efficacy of Ozone to Reduce Fungal Spoilage and Aflatoxin Contamination in Peanuts
M.A Abdel-Wahhab A.F Sehab F.R Hassanien Sh.E El-Nemr H.A Amra H.A Abdel-Alim -
Open Access Article
8 - Occurrence of T-2 Toxin and Aflatoxin B1 in Cereals and Cereal Based Products: A Short Review
Reza Kazemi Darsanaki Saeid Rahbar Takrami -
Open Access Article
9 - Mycotoxins’ Toxicities - from Consumer Health Safety Concerns, to Mitigation/Treatment Strategies: A Perspective Review
Chinaza Awuchi Sarah Nwozo Mariama Salihu Grace Odongo Maryam Sarvarian Charles Okpala