-
Open Access Article
1 - The Effect of Climate Change on SoilOrganic Matter and Biological Activity
Arash Mohammadzadeh Yaser AzimzadehClimate change phenomenon is one of the most important global challenges for mankind in providing sufficient and healthy food for the ever-increasing world population. The leading factors of climate change, such as increasing temperature, changing precipitation patterns MoreClimate change phenomenon is one of the most important global challenges for mankind in providing sufficient and healthy food for the ever-increasing world population. The leading factors of climate change, such as increasing temperature, changing precipitation patterns, and increasing the frequency and intensity of weather events, affect soil characteristics, especially in the ecosystems of arid and semi-arid regions. These changes can directly affect the growth and production of crops. The amount of soil organic matter is one of the most important indicators of soil quality and health, which affects many physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soil and is directly and indirectly affected by climatic factors such as temperature and rainfall. On the other hand, the balance of input and output of organic carbon to the soil is effective on the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and thus on global warming and the climate change phenomenon. The results of many forecasts show that in arid and semi-arid regions, climate change will lead to an increase in temperature and a decrease in rainfall. Therefore, considering that the amount of organic matter in the soil decreases with the increase in temperature and decrease in humidity, it seems that the phenomenon of climate change will have adverse effects on the amount of soil organic matter and biological activity, and then on the production of crops in arid and semi-arid regions. Therefore, it is very important to use the necessary solutions to mitigate these adverse effects and adapt to the upcoming conditions. Mitigation refers to methods that lead to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, especially carbon dioxide; But the goal of adaptation is to mitigate the inevitable effects of climate change. Based on the results of various publications, compliance with the principles of the conservation agriculture system is considered one of the most important mitigation and adaptation solutions in dealing with the consequences of climate change in arid and semi-arid regions. Due to the fact that the climate change phenomenon is an inevitable event and its adverse effects and consequences in human life are felt more and more intense day by day, it is necessary for the management of soil resources to have the necessary foresight regarding the results of this phenomenon on the quality of the soil and the potential of producing agricultural products, especially in Arid and semi-arid areas should be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The Effect of Climate Change on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Arid and Semi-Arid Soils
Arash Mohammadzadeh Yaser AzimzadehClimate change is one of the most significant global challenges threatening food security now, in the near and far future. This mainly occurs in the form of increasing temperature, change in rainfall pattern, and increase in extreme we MoreClimate change is one of the most significant global challenges threatening food security now, in the near and far future. This mainly occurs in the form of increasing temperature, change in rainfall pattern, and increase in extreme weather events. There are strong evidences demonstrating the vulnerability of agriculture sector in arid and semi-arid regions to climate change. This may directly impact on crops growth and production or indirectly impact on their environments. The ability of soil to produce a crop depends on its physical and chemical properties and these properties are directly and indirectly affected by climatic factors such as temperature and rainfall. Most predictions show that in arid and semi-arid regions, including many regions of Iran, climate change will lead to an increase in temperature and a decrease in rainfall. Therefore, considering the importance and role of temperature and humidity in physical and chemical quality indicators of soil and production stability, it seems that the phenomenon of climate change will have adverse effects on soil and then on crop production. Therefore, it is very important to use the necessary solutions to mitigate these adverse effects and adapt to the upcoming conditions. In this article, by reviewing and summarizing the research on the effects of climate change on the characteristics of arid and semi-arid soils, an attempt has been made to provide some kind of foresight of possible changes in the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil due to climate change. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Impact of Renewable Energies on Green Economy
Somayeh Daneshvari Parvaneh Salatin Mohammad khalilzadehBackground and purpose: As the world's population grows and energy resources are limited, all countries face energy problems. The crises that threaten countries and communities are the lack of non-renewable sources of energy (fossil fuels), as well as the increase of en MoreBackground and purpose: As the world's population grows and energy resources are limited, all countries face energy problems. The crises that threaten countries and communities are the lack of non-renewable sources of energy (fossil fuels), as well as the increase of environmental pollution caused by excessive consumption of fossil fuels which shows the necessities and importance of using renewable energy resources. The close link between the economic and environmental issues has raised new approaches to the field of international environmental law, one of the most prominent of which is the green economy, and since one of the main goals of the green economy is reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the use of renewable energy sources is a quick way to achieve a green economy. In this regard, the main objective of this study is to review the comparative effect of renewable energy on green economy in two groups of selected countries that produce and consume renewable energy with high and middle income. Methodology: This study is an applied research and inferential research method. The method and tool for collecting information and statistical resources are written documents, electronic information and taking notes. Findings: The results of model estimation in the selected countries with Fixed Effects Method during the period of 2005-2016 showed that the use of renewable energy has a negative and significant effect on carbon dioxide emissions as an indicator of the green economy in the selected countries. Also, the effect of renewable energy on the green economy in the group of selected middle income countries is higher than that of high-income countries. Other results showed that economic growth and openness had a positive and significant impact, human capital, ICT and rule of law had a negative and significant impact on carbon dioxide emissions as an indicator of green economy in the group of selected countries. Discussion and Conclusion: Renewable energies are clean, abundant and reliable and if properly developed, can play a significant role in achieving sustainable development goals as sustainable sources of energy. The main reason for the emphasis on the use of renewable energies, in addition to helping to solve environmental problems and preventing the loss of fossil fuels, is the conservation of natural resources for future generations, which undoubtedly renewable energy, given their simplicity of technology, plays a significant role in the green economy and sustainable economic development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - CO2 emissions reduction by using local mineral pozzolan as part of cement in concrete with a pollution reduction approach
Mojtaba Rangrazian Rahmat Madandoust Reza Mahjoub Mehdi RaftariBackground and Objective: Global warming is caused by the emission of greenhouse gases, mainly (CO2). Reducing greenhouse gases and monitoring the environment are important goals of today's mankind. Cement factories are the main producers of greenhouse gases. The main g MoreBackground and Objective: Global warming is caused by the emission of greenhouse gases, mainly (CO2). Reducing greenhouse gases and monitoring the environment are important goals of today's mankind. Cement factories are the main producers of greenhouse gases. The main goal of this research is to find a material with cement properties (pozzolan) that can be replaced in a part of concrete cement with the aim of reducing cement consumption and reducing CO2 greenhouse gas emissions. The local mineral pozzolan under research has similar properties to world-famous pozzolans and has the relevant standards.Material and Methodology: To find the optimal amount of pozzolan in the concrete, In Sep. 2021, four cases of 5, 10, 15 and 20% by weight was studied and its effect on concrete compressive strength and CO2 emissions and its ability to reduce pollution Environmental was evaluated in comparison with conventional cement concrete. Findings: Experiments showed that the best amount of replacement of this pozzolan to cement in concrete is 15% by weight and increases the strength by 2.4%. Also, this pozzolan emits less CO2 than normal cement concrete equal to 15.20 kg/m3.Discussion and Conclusion: Considering the favorable effects of this pozzolan in strengthening the structure and reducing the consumption of cement in concrete, it can be introduced as a cement-reducing and environmentally friendly material. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Application of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) for GHGs Emission Reduction in Haft Tappeh Sugarcane Factory
Elham Kazemi Farideh Atabi Nematollah Khorasani Seyed Mohammadreza HeibatiBackground and Objective: Energy consumption in food industries is high and increasing due to the growing population, inadequacy of cultivating farms, and life condition improvement. This growing consumption is a threat to the environment and human’s health. Sugar MoreBackground and Objective: Energy consumption in food industries is high and increasing due to the growing population, inadequacy of cultivating farms, and life condition improvement. This growing consumption is a threat to the environment and human’s health. Sugarcane industries are considered as high consuming industries which have a tangible impact on the environment and emission of greenhouse gases. Sugarcane industrial energy consumption share among other industries is 4.3% and more than 70% in total energy of food industry consumption. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of CMD application on the reduction of fossil fuel energy consumption and GHGs emission reduction in Haft Tappeh Sugarcane Factory. Method: The results of the factory energy auditing indicated that one of the proper methods to benefit from CMD is to replace the old boiler which has low efficiency with a new boiler. Pre-feasibility assessment of the environmental and economical aspects of implementing the project has been calculated using “Proform” software. It ran through three scenarios assuming the investment, installation, and maintenance costs; the new boiler consumption rate with higher efficiency and cost-effectiveness of replacing the new system with the old one having lower efficiency. Calculation was based on carbon credit value in global market. Results: As results show in case if scenario C is applied, the Net Present Value (NPV) will equal 21,000,000 dollars and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) will become 39.18%. Carbon credit was considered 20 dollars based on the reduction of CO2 equivalent which was calculated by carbon supply and demand market for CERs of CDM projects that are sold and purchased in carbon exchange market. IRR is higher than 16% discount rate; consequently, it proves that implementing such a project is cost-effective. Provided that the new high efficient boiler is used, the emission of CO2 equivalent during implementing the project-25 years- will reduce to 763,353 ton equal to CO2 equivalent; furthermore, 13,607,000 GJ is saved on consumption of natural gas. Conclusion: Considering the boilers with high energy consumption and low efficiency in this factory, the replacement of old boiler with the new one through CDM project is cost effective Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Assessment of the Geographic Location of Photovoltaic Power Plants on their CO2 Emission Reduction Using Ret Screen Software
Neda E Niknam Seyed Alireza Mirzaye hosseini Ali Mohammadi Lobat TaghaviIncreasing greenhouse gases emissions and limited fossil fuel resources, are two of the most important challenges of the century. Thus, the use of renewable energy is quickly developing and progressing in most countries. One of the appropriate resources for supplying el MoreIncreasing greenhouse gases emissions and limited fossil fuel resources, are two of the most important challenges of the century. Thus, the use of renewable energy is quickly developing and progressing in most countries. One of the appropriate resources for supplying electricity is solar energy. Photovoltaic systems have several unique advantages including pollution-free industrial processes, small off-grid applications, and low cost of repair and maintenance.In this study, two photovoltaic power plants, each with 30 KW capacities, in Kerman and Sari cities were selected and their economic and environmental analysis were conducted based on climatic conditions and local solar radiation using Ret Screen software.Kerman City located in the best radiation zone of Iran with 5/2 Kwh/m2/day energy reception and Sari City situated in the least appropriate sun radiation zone with 3/9 Kwh/m2/day energy reception were selected in this study.Results revealed that the use of photovoltaic power plant would reduce CO2 emissions in Kerman and Sari by 36 and 9 tons per year, respectively. Also the payback period in Kerman and Sari would be 7/3 and 11/2 years. According to this research, the geographical location of the photovoltaic power plant is also very important. Thus, the payback period for Kerman was 4 years less than sari and the amount of Reduction CO2 emission in Kerman was 4 times higher than Sari. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Technical Feasibility of CO2 Capturing through Post Combustion Process in Cement Industry to Reduce Greenhouse Gases
Farideh Atabi Abtin Ataei Ahmaad Khoshgerd Farzaneh Kiani Global warming occurs due to the increase of greenhouse gases emission including CO2, the consequence of which would be the drastic changes in the Earth's climate. Due to the consumption of fossil fuels and the chemical processes used to p More Global warming occurs due to the increase of greenhouse gases emission including CO2, the consequence of which would be the drastic changes in the Earth's climate. Due to the consumption of fossil fuels and the chemical processes used to produce cement at the stage of heating the raw material, the net amount of CO2 gas production in the cement industry is about 15 to 25% . The present research discusses the technical feasibility of recycling CO2 in Abyek Cement Complex, which is known as large cement industry in the country with the production capacity of about 12,500 tons per day on two production lines. The main fuel of furnaces in this industry is heavy oil. Due to the combustion, the gases emitted from the five-stage pre heater include 24.5% CO2, 7.6% H2O, 48% O2 by volume and 61.3% N2. With respect to the analysis of gases emitted from the furnace of Abyek Cement Complex and the factory's available facilities, the absorption was designed using post combustion process through the chemical absorption method using Monoethanolamine (MEA) by HYSYS software. The required equipment of the process was simulated and optimized and dimensions of all the process components were determined. The results show that approximately 117 ton per hour of CO2 with the efficiency of 97% at C with moisture content (1179 kg/h), Oxygen (2.5 kg/h), and nitrogen (16.5 kg/h) is absorbed which can be transferred to the consuming centers after pressurization and condensation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Application of Genetic Algorithm for Optimization of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Transport and cooling Supply Chain Costs
rasoul rezaei Davood Gharakhani Reza Ehtesham RasiThe cooling supply chain, due to its high energy consumption and refrigerant emissions, has high levels of greenhouse gas emissions and is one of the largest carbon emitters. In the cold supply chain, products should be stored at low and near or below freezing points. F MoreThe cooling supply chain, due to its high energy consumption and refrigerant emissions, has high levels of greenhouse gas emissions and is one of the largest carbon emitters. In the cold supply chain, products should be stored at low and near or below freezing points. For this purpose, refrigerated warehouses and refrigerated trucks are essential. Therefore, this research aims to design a linear multi-objective decision-making model for supply chain management Which aims to reduce the overall supply chain cost, including the cost of capacity, transportation, inventory as well as costs associated with the effects of global warming due to greenhouse gas emissions. To analyze the research problem, a mathematical model for optimizing the supply chain has been designed and genetic algorithm has been used to solve this problem. The results of the first function test indicate that the model is high in the number of customers, and when the distributor's number is equal to the number of producers, the best one is possible. The second function analysis concludes that reducing the restoration time of the facility is effective in minimizing the first function, reducing costs and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, according to the stated contents and the results obtained in this research, it can be pointed out that by optimizing the vehicles and also the proper use of the optimal number of means of transport, it can be expected that the pollution and proliferation of gases The greenhouse is at least possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The relationship between energy production and consumption with greenhouse gas emissions, a case study: Arab countries of OPEC in the Persian Gulf region (the UAE, Iraq, Arabia, Kuwait, and Qatar)
Allahbakhsh Kavoosi Arian KavoosiThe Middle East region accounts for the largest quota of the world's energy reserves, which is the reason for the interdependence between the world's largest industrial countries and the governments of this region. Given the known oil reserves of the Arab coun MoreThe Middle East region accounts for the largest quota of the world's energy reserves, which is the reason for the interdependence between the world's largest industrial countries and the governments of this region. Given the known oil reserves of the Arab countries in the Persian Gulf region, the effect of energy consumption with a sample of five Arab countries as members of OPEC and oil producers of the Persian Gulf region on greenhouse gas emissions during 40 years (1980-2020) was investigated in this research. The energy production and consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of the target countries were studied to identify their contribution to energy production and consumption in the world. It was determined that these countries account for a significant share of climate change and global greenhouse gas emissions. The results show that approximately 34% of the global oil reserves and 22% of carbon dioxide (CO2) production belong to the five Arab countries in the Persian Gulf region. The largest and the lowest shares in CO2 production belong to Saudi Arabia and Kuwait among the five countries of the Persian Gulf region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Application of Wind Energy in Urban Regional Planning Toward Ecological Sustainability(Case Study: Hashtgerd)
Mehrdad Mazloomi Azin Farzam -
Open Access Article
11 - Feasibility Study of Using Photovoltaic Systems in Water and Wastewater Industry (Case Study: Tehran Water and Wastewater Company)
Ensieh Ozgoli Younes Noorollahi Reza Arjmandi Ali MohammadiSince water and wastewater companies are one of the significant energy consumers in urban industries, there is a substantial share to increase electricity demand and as a result, increasing the power plants load. The purpose of this study is to present a new evaluation MoreSince water and wastewater companies are one of the significant energy consumers in urban industries, there is a substantial share to increase electricity demand and as a result, increasing the power plants load. The purpose of this study is to present a new evaluation approach for using solar energy in the water and wastewater industry. Therefore, while consideration of the energy consumption in the six regions of Tehran Water and Wastewater Company, requirements for the installation and operation of photovoltaic systems in this company has been investigated. In the present study, the objective functions are energy consumption costs and greenhouse gas emissions; Also, solar energy potential, increasing population rate and water consumption are the most important independent variables and forecasted electricity consumption, carbon tax, and electricity sales price are also dependent variables. The results of this study, which can be based on using the regression model, show that the increase in electricity consumption and costs are 1.5 and 3 times in this period, respectively. To calculate the amount of greenhouse gas emissions, the three scenarios are implemented and compared with the replacement of 5, 20, and 30% of the company required electricity by photovoltaic systems. The reduction in CO2 emissions due to the production of 30% of electricity consumption with solar energy, amounted to 26,712 thousand tons. On the other hand, taxing more than $ 10 per ton of CO2 emissions changes the consumption pattern and reduces the cost of electricity consumption in this industry by $ 5,987,086. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Capability Investigation of Carbon Sequestration in Two Species (Artemisia sieberi Besser and Stipa barbata Desf.) Under Different Treatments of Vegetation Management (Saveh, Iran)
M. Alizadeh M. Mahdavi M. H. Jouri -
Open Access Article
13 - Evaluation of Energy Efficiency, Emission of Greenhouse Gases and Production Function in Olive (Olea europaea) Production in Ilam Province, Iran
MEYSAM MORADI ABBAS MALEKI SADEGH BAHAMIN SHOHREH AZIZI SHAMILA ROUHANI SARA BEIGZADEH -
Open Access Article
14 - Investigation of environmental impacts in sugar beet production and the effect of production inputs on yield and profit to cost ratio
Shayan Firozi Mohammad Gholami Iraj Ranjbar Davood Mohammad ZamaniAssessment of energy and environmental pollutants of production process is important in terms of providing solutions to reduce energy consumption and emissions. The purpose of this study was to investigate and predict the yield and profit to cost ratio and environmental MoreAssessment of energy and environmental pollutants of production process is important in terms of providing solutions to reduce energy consumption and emissions. The purpose of this study was to investigate and predict the yield and profit to cost ratio and environmental effects in sugar beet production to improve energy consumption and reduce global warming. The Cobb-Douglas model was used to investigate the effect of inputs on performance and profit-to-cost ratio. Environmental impact assessment was performed using Simapro software based on CML2 baseline2000 method. The required data were collected through questionnaires and face-to-face interviews with sugar beet growers in Khorasan Razavi, Fars, Khuzestan and Isfahan Provinces. The results showed that with a one percent increase in manpower inputs, diesel fuel, chemical fertilizers, electricity and seeds, the yield was increased or decreased 1.84, -0.59, -0.19, 0.13 and 0.39 percent, respectively. With a one percent increase in the costs of machinery, chemical fertilizers and seeds, 0.23, -0.39 and 0.98 percent were increased or decreased in terms of profit to cost, respectively. Fertilizers and chemical toxins (more than 90%) have the greatest effects on organic matter depletion and open water toxicity. Electricity consumption was also more than 20% effective in reducing inorganic matter and ozone depletion. The effects of open water poisoning and depletion of organic matter had the greatest environmental impact. The total emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere was 745.79 kg .ha-1. Analysis of soil parameters and proper management of agricultural machinery use can minimize energy consumption and environmental pollutants from production. Manuscript profile
Sanad
Sanad is a platform for managing Azad University publications
Links
Related Centers
Technical Support
Official pages
The rights to this website are owned by the Raimag Press Management System.
Copyright © 2021-2024