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        1 - Introducing a cost-effective engineering model for increasing productivity indicators
        Mehrdad masoudnejad Morteza Rayati Damavandi Seros Gholampoor Dahaki
        The importance and role of human resources in organizations and enterprises, economic and industrial as the stimulus of the economic cycle of the society is not at all anybody. But today, work-related accidents, as one of the key factors in the loss of efficient human r More
        The importance and role of human resources in organizations and enterprises, economic and industrial as the stimulus of the economic cycle of the society is not at all anybody. But today, work-related accidents, as one of the key factors in the loss of efficient human resources and the loss of capital and time, are a threat to the development and development of any country. These incidents have a huge impact on the productivity of various industry workers and ultimately on the economy of society.In most of the studies, cost estimates have often been used to calculate the costs of safety in the workplace, and usually the cost of any damage or cost of the entire accident is calculated, and despite the importance of reducing productivity from work-related accidents , This important is still ignored. Therefore, in the present study, a multi-criteria decision-making methodology for presenting a cost-effective engineering model based on productivity indicators has been used. The results of this study showed that, according to the criteria, the priority of conducting classes and training courses, creation of safety regulations in administrative and manufacturing departments, investment in medical care, safety equipment and machinery purchase, equipment and technology The newest have the greatest impact on engineering safety costs based on productivity indicators Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Evaluating reduced tillage methods on energy productivity and rainfed wheat yield
        Zein-al-Abedin Shamabadi
        The so-called reduced tillage is one the most important management practices for soil and water conservation. In order to study the effect of reduced tillage on energy productivity and wheat yield in Kalpoush region of Shahrood, a randomized complete blocks de More
        The so-called reduced tillage is one the most important management practices for soil and water conservation. In order to study the effect of reduced tillage on energy productivity and wheat yield in Kalpoush region of Shahrood, a randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) experiment with sunflower-wheat rotation was conducted having five treatments and four replicates. The treatments were consisted of chisel plowing at spring + disking (T1), moldboard plowing +disking (T2), reduced tillage with disk harrow (T3), disk plowing + disking (T4) and chisel plowing at autumn +disking (T5). Sunflower was planted at May 2008 and 2011. After harvesting at October 2008 and 2011, all plots were disked. Wheat was planted at November 2008 and 2011 and harvested at July 2009 and 2012. The results showed that there was no significant difference among the treatments (P<5%). In 2009 the maximum (1708 kg/ha) and minimum (1412 kg/ha) crop yield were belonged to T5 and T3 treatments, respectively. In 2011, the maximum (1638 kg/ha) and minimum (1388 kg/ha) yield was obtained from T5 and T2 treatments, respectively. Further data analysis showed that soil water content and wheat yield differences are not significant among the treatments (P<5%). The maximum and minimum soil moisture and wheat yield related to chisel and moldboard ploughs, respectively. Maximum and minimum energy productivity was related to disk harrow and moldboard ploughs, respectively. Chisel plugging increased the wheat yield. Soil inversion index difference was significant among the treatments (P<1%). Maximum and minimum soil inversion index related to moldboard and chisel ploughs, respectively. Considering disk harrow advantages and results of this experiment, for wheat production it may be recommended that plowing can be replaced by disk harrow, disk harrowing for seedbed preparation is sufficient, and plowing isn’t required. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - The Productivity of Energy and the Effective Factors on it. (Manufacturing Industries of IRAN)
        Ebrahim Niknaghsh نقی شجاع Amir Gholam Abri Mohamad Mehdi Movahedi
        The main goal of the present study is to evaluate the total energy productivity and the effective factors on 134 manufacturing industries in Iran with a four digit code and also ISIC international classification among 1385 to 1394. To do this, with data envelopment anal More
        The main goal of the present study is to evaluate the total energy productivity and the effective factors on 134 manufacturing industries in Iran with a four digit code and also ISIC international classification among 1385 to 1394. To do this, with data envelopment analysis and Malmquist method the technical, technological efficiency and the total energy productivity are calculated on the manufacturing industries in Iran. And then by fixed effects method and generalized method of moments  (GMM),the effect factors on the total Energy Productivity was calculated. The results of the model showed that the total Manufacturing Industries experiences a technological positive growth, but some have been technically efficient. In all, the findings showed the growth of the total energy productivity in the manufacturing industries. The findings based on the model showed that variables such as skills, information communication technologies (ICT), research and development, physical capital and machinery and equipment , export and time are meaningful effect and just variable education is meaningless effect on the total energy productivity. Based on the results, reviewing the work style, improving managerial skills ,Government subsidized support of production and investment, imports tariff reduction of capital equipment and machinery of the industries with less energy consumption is recommended. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - ارزیابی انرژی تجدید‌پذیر و تجدید‌ناپذیر مصرفی در واحدهای پرورش گاو شیری با اندازه گله متفاوت در ایران
        د. زحمتکش م. زینالی ح. میرزایی الموتی ا. محجوبی پ. سفیدپری
        هدف از این مطالعه، مقایسه مصرف انرژی در واحدهای پرورش گاو شیری با اندازه­های متفاوت بود. منابع انرژی عبارتند از منابع تجدید‌ناپذیر مانند سوخت فسیلی و برق و منابع تجدید‌پذیر مانند علوفه، کنسانتره، ماشین آلات، نیروی انسانی و آب. داده‌های مورد نیاز از 43 واحد پرورش گاو More
        هدف از این مطالعه، مقایسه مصرف انرژی در واحدهای پرورش گاو شیری با اندازه­های متفاوت بود. منابع انرژی عبارتند از منابع تجدید‌ناپذیر مانند سوخت فسیلی و برق و منابع تجدید‌پذیر مانند علوفه، کنسانتره، ماشین آلات، نیروی انسانی و آب. داده‌های مورد نیاز از 43 واحد پرورش گاو شیری در استان تهران جمع­آوری شد و برای ارزیابی مصرف انرژی بر اساس اندازه گله­های متفاوت مورد تجزیه ­و تحلیل قرار گرفت. در این مطالعه، متوسط مصرف ​​انرژی تجدید‌ناپذیر در واحدهای پرورش گاو شیری کوچک، متوسط ​​و بزرگ برحسب کیلوگرم شیر چربی و پروتئین تصحیح شده به ترتیب 95/5، 39/3 و 71/1 مگاژول در کیلوگرم بود (0002/0P<). بزرگترین سهم انرژی مصرفی در تمام واحدهای پرورش گاو شیری مربوط به خوراک بود؛ 49/81، 37/84 و 62/88 درصد برای واحدهای پرورش گاو شیری کوچک، متوسط ​​و بزرگ بود (0002/0P<). همچنین، نسبت انرژی برای واحدهای کوچک، متوسط ​​و بزرگ به ترتیب به ترتیب 11/0، 61/0 و 23/0 محاسبه شد (0001/0P<). به همین ترتیب، بهره­وری انرژی در واحدهای کوچک، متوسط ​​و بزرگ به ترتیب 033/0، 047/0 و 068/0 کیلوگرم به ازای مگاژول بود (0001/0P<). استفاده کمتر از انرژی تجدید‌ناپذیر به ازای هر کیلوگرم شیر چربی و پروتئین تصحیح شده در واحدهای بزرگ منجر به کاهش آلودگی و حفاظت از محیط زیست می­شود که به ­نوبه خود سبب ایجاد یک سیستم تولید پایدار و کارآمد می­گردد. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        5 - Gender Analysis of Energy Use for Rice Production in North Central, Nigeria
        H. Y. Ibrahim U. Shuaibu E. Ogezi
      • Open Access Article

        6 - ارزیابی راندمان انرژی در ایستگاه های پمپاژ سامانه های آبیاری تحت فشار (مطالعه موردی: استان های قزوین و کرمانشاه)
        حسن براتی محمدرضا خالدیان محمدحسن بیگلویی عاطفه پرورش ریزی
      • Open Access Article

        7 - A Survey of economic shocks Influences on the energy growth rate efficiency (case study: OPEC countries Oil Revenues During 2000-2011)
        مهدی پدرام مهدی بصیرت مریم امیری
        Abstract Productivity, especially energy productivity, and its improvement is an inevitable requirement in each country. In this study, the effects of changes in energy prices, net investment and the share of value added on the growth rate of energy productivity is dis More
        Abstract Productivity, especially energy productivity, and its improvement is an inevitable requirement in each country. In this study, the effects of changes in energy prices, net investment and the share of value added on the growth rate of energy productivity is discussed. As well as, by using Solow–Swan growth model, the energy productivity convergence in the period 2000-2011 in a selection of OPEC countries is examined. For the data analysis, panel data is used. Based on results, factors affecting the growth rate of energy productivity used in the research have significant effect on the growth rate of energy productivity. In addition, we found that those countries with a lower induced consumption, they have higher growth rate in the long-term consumption. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        8 - Assessment of energy use efficiency for melon (Cucumis melo L.) production in Razavi and Southern Khorasan provinces, Iran
        seyed mohammad seyedi parviz rezvani moghaddam roushanak shariyari
        Evaluation of energy efficiency is one of the key indicators for developing more sustainable agricultural practices. The purpose of this study was to determine input and output energy consumption for melon production, and evaluation of energy use efficiency in Razavi an More
        Evaluation of energy efficiency is one of the key indicators for developing more sustainable agricultural practices. The purpose of this study was to determine input and output energy consumption for melon production, and evaluation of energy use efficiency in Razavi and Southern Khorasan provinces, Iran. For this purpose data were collected from farms of mentioned provinces. Inquiries were conducted by interview during spring and summer 2012. The results indicated that total energy inputs in Razavi and Southern Khorasan provinces were 68118 and 59815.5 MJ.ha-1, respectively. In both provinces, electricity (with 43%), nitrogen chemical fertilizer (with 27%) and water for irrigation (with 13%) were the highest energy inputs for melon production. About 15% of the total energy inputs used in melon production was renewable and 85% was non-renewable. In addition, in Razavi and Southern Khorasan provinces, the energy productivity was estimated at 0.18 and 0.11 kg MJ-1, respectively. It seems the higher energy consumption and developing the mechanical operation can be related to higher melon yield and energy use efficiency in farms of Razavi province. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        9 - Evaluation of Energy Efficiency, Emission of Greenhouse Gases and Production Function in Olive (Olea europaea) Production in Ilam Province, Iran
        MEYSAM MORADI ABBAS MALEKI SADEGH BAHAMIN SHOHREH AZIZI SHAMILA ROUHANI SARA BEIGZADEH