divine names

Open Access Article

1 - Nature, Function, and Effects of the Greatest Divine Name: A Rehearsal of its Reading and Typology
RamazanAli Mardani Hamed Khani (Farhnag Mehrvash) Mahdi Afchangi MohammadAli Mir

10.30495/jhcin.2021.17743

It is a widespread belief among Muslims that God has got a name which is unknown to almost everybody, hence only a very few and limited number of people might be aware of it. It is such that one who remembers God or calls on him through pronouncing His rarely known but More

It is a widespread belief among Muslims that God has got a name which is unknown to almost everybody, hence only a very few and limited number of people might be aware of it. It is such that one who remembers God or calls on him through pronouncing His rarely known but miraculous name will soon find his desire fulfilled, hence miraculous jobs may be accomplished in the world of creation only through pronouncing it. Muslims have since called it the Greatest Divine Name (ism-e A`zam) and have written a lot on how to obtain it, and its various functions, coupled with many related anecdotes. The present work surveys an overview and presents a classification of such conjectures, with an outlook unto its nature, hence an attempt to take an initial step to formulate a conception of the Greatest Divine Name in Islamic culture and teachings. Without overlooking its nature or  historical process of identification, the present work attempts to piece together Muslims' attention to it, all drawing upon reliable anecdotes, exegetical comments, moral hints, and theological and philosophical views as scattered here and there in various works. It will then make a ground for reviewing various views of the phenomenon of the Greatest Divine Name, with the historical trends that fostered ahead any of them, together with their socio-cutural background Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - A Synoptic View of Aghā Mohammad Rezā Ghomshei's Thoughts and Works
Amir Javan Arasteh

Aghā Mohammad Rezā Ghomshei possesses a high status inphilosophical and mystical discussions. Despite this fact, scarcely anyresearcher has investigated thoughts and theories of such importantsage. Although understanding and explanation of mystical thoughs ofsuch person More

Aghā Mohammad Rezā Ghomshei possesses a high status inphilosophical and mystical discussions. Despite this fact, scarcely anyresearcher has investigated thoughts and theories of such importantsage. Although understanding and explanation of mystical thoughs ofsuch person as Aghā Mohammad Rezā – who is considered as one ofthe most major expositors of Ibn al- Arabi's school – is out of writer'sreach, but this article aims to clarfy some aspects of his thinking bypacing through his writings as much as possible. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Ibn Sina on “Divine Attributes”
mohsen Ghasempour Seyed Abbas Zahabi Mohammad Seedimehr

In the history of human thought, no fundamental issue has made man think as much as the knowledge of God, which is not possible except through His attributes, and the answer to which has been a serious demand of thinkers of every age, especially philosophers. In Islamic More

In the history of human thought, no fundamental issue has made man think as much as the knowledge of God, which is not possible except through His attributes, and the answer to which has been a serious demand of thinkers of every age, especially philosophers. In Islamic philosophical thought, Ibn Sina's thought, as the most influential and stable ideas in the field of philosophy, which has caused profound intellectual changes, has special advantages. This article has tried to explain the relationship between the geometry of this sage's opinions in the basic axes of the discussion of divine names and attributes, ie “objectivity of essence and attributes” and “conceptual unity of attributes” by modeling this philosophical thought in the geography of Shiite thought. The final finding of the research emphasizes the fact that in Ibn Sina's view, “objectivity of attributes with essence” is in fact the basis of the theory of “conceptual union of attributes” and the connection between the two titles is necessary; Therefore, Ibn Sina, based on an accurate understanding of the “objectivity of essence and attributes” and subsequently, has proposed this specific theory in the “conceptual union of attributes”.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Movement of God’s love in Creation and its Relation to the Breath of the All-merciful
فاطمه عباسی

Love is a divine stage. God attributed love to himself and calledhimself the Loving (wadud). He loved himself at first then loved toobserve himself in others, so created the universe in His own form. Hesaw the universe and loved it. Since God created the universe in His More

Love is a divine stage. God attributed love to himself and calledhimself the Loving (wadud). He loved himself at first then loved toobserve himself in others, so created the universe in His own form. Hesaw the universe and loved it. Since God created the universe in Hisown form, universe is beautiful and God loves beauty. If there was nolove, the Loving and the All-merciful God were not recognized. Lovein its absoluteness exists in all seen and unseen creatures. The Loving’sfirst manifestation is the theophany of the Divine Essence for Itself, inthe images of all the fixed entities (al-a‘yān al-thābita) in the DivineKnowledge. By the second manifestation the immutable entitiesappeared in the outward world. So every thing were emanated by love.Since the universe was manifested by the Breath of the All-merciful,the essence of this Breath is love. God created the universe by Hisbreath. He created it and made Himself recognized because if He wasnot recognized His names and attributes were not manifested and theuniverse remained in nonexistence (‘adam). Therefore, God’s love ofthe recognition of his names and attributes is the cause of creation. Manuscript profile

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5 - A Reflection of Allegorical and Verbal Names of God in Attar’s Woks
M. Mostafavi A. M. Moazeni

Reflection of the allegorical and verbal names for Allah in the works of Sheikh Farid al-Din Attar Neishabouri, especially in his Masnavi collection of poems, is of great importance and value. In order to find out how the names for Allah is used in the works of this mys More

Reflection of the allegorical and verbal names for Allah in the works of Sheikh Farid al-Din Attar Neishabouri, especially in his Masnavi collection of poems, is of great importance and value. In order to find out how the names for Allah is used in the works of this mystic poet, it is necessary to be aware of his opinion about His names and attributes. This paper firstly specifies Attar’s ideas in this regard, and then according to research data concludes that he doesn’t consider His names to be confined to what He has given to Himself in the Devine Book of Quran. Then it studies the way some of His names have been reflected verbally, realistically and allegorically, giving examples from his works and considering their different aspects of form and concept. Careful study of allegorical and symbolic stories of Attar makes it clear that his spiritual disposition is "pantheism" and, therefore, full compliance and real unity between the Divine Names and Attributions is evident in his works. This feature makes works of Attar a collection of the Divine Names that often are expressed with short allegories and mystically. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Ontology and its derivatives In the view Of two dynasties kobravieyyeh and sohravardieyyeh
Fatemeh Shekhlovand

Existences and its related topics in the Islamic Gnosticism have special importance. In this case, scholars and grandees of these series have presented the outstanding theories. In this paper, existence and its derivatives such as divine names and traits, expression and More

Existences and its related topics in the Islamic Gnosticism have special importance. In this case, scholars and grandees of these series have presented the outstanding theories. In this paper, existence and its derivatives such as divine names and traits, expression and manifestation have discussed by these dynasties. So, we try to point out theories of their scholars about Gnostic doctrine and the present differences and similarities in their views. Some Of them emphasize on the relationship between exitstence with Universe and human beings that the real existence belongs to god and other creatures are his manifestations. For instance, Saadaddin Hamoyyeh, Azizaddin Nasafi, repeatedly say that Allah is the existence of the posing nothingness, and all creatures are the nothingness of the posing existence. Manuscript profile

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7 - The Relation between Fixed Entities and the Immortality of Moral Values in Ibn Arabi's Philosophy of Ethics
Nasim Hojjati Inshaallah Rahmati Parviz Abbasi Dakani

Morality and moral values are fundamental aspects in life and belief in the absoluteness and stability of moral values has direct and indirect effects on the major issues of human life, especially in modern societies. One of the beliefs about moral absolutists is the ob More

Morality and moral values are fundamental aspects in life and belief in the absoluteness and stability of moral values has direct and indirect effects on the major issues of human life, especially in modern societies. One of the beliefs about moral absolutists is the objectivity of moral values, according to which the origin and standard of morality are derived from objective, fixed and real truths. This article is dedicated to examining the views of Muhyi-Al-Din Ibn Arabi, the Andalusian muslim mystic and philosopher, in this regard. Therefore, according to Ibn Arabi's theory of divine names and fixed entities, the objectivity of moral values and their immortality and eternity is a fixed and certain thing. According to Ibn Arabi, there is no existence other than God and creation was and will be nothing but the appearance of His names and attributes. According to the theory of divine names and fixed entities, moral virtues and values are nothing but the names and attributes of God, which were manifested by divine holy grace in the fixed entities and in man, which is the place of comprehensive manifestation of divine names, and in the form of morality are emerging. Moral values, attributes and deeds are nothing but the appearance of the names of God and their fixed entities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The Relationship between God and Man in Ibn 'Arabi's School
Amir hossin Abdollahi Mohammad Ali Abbassian Chaleshtori Reza Rasouli Sharabiani Abdolreza Safari

In Ibn 'Arabi's view, the relationship of the Supreme God with man is not based on Divine essence (divine unity), because it is required that God's essence be one, and it cannot be summed up by relation, connection and duality. Therefore, God's essence is superior to th More

In Ibn 'Arabi's view, the relationship of the Supreme God with man is not based on Divine essence (divine unity), because it is required that God's essence be one, and it cannot be summed up by relation, connection and duality. Therefore, God's essence is superior to that of establishing a relationship with man. On the other hand, man cannot communicate with the God's essence; because, first, communication is posterior to knowledge; secondly, man is incapable of knowing his own substance of essence and self; thirdly: the essence of self has a tendency to return to God's essence; thus, man's essential connection with God is impossible. However, the inner knowledge of the soul in divine names and qualities is possible, and this makes it possible to establish a nominal connection with the supreme truth. In fact, the existential philosophy of human creation is the nominal interaction of God with man. Also, these are those divine names that call for effects in the universe and the universe needs them to survive, and man, as the vicegerent of God, has a mission to manifest them on the earth, according to his freedom and authority. In Ibn Arabi's view, the nominally mutual relationship between man and God is inward and it consists of two kinds of "mutual resemblance" and "identical" relationships. The mutual resemblance relationship is considered for the general human being, and the identical relationship is considered for God's saints and perfect men. This identical relationship can reach to the point where God has become closer to  the human being than his own perfect human self, and ultimately leads to the nominal monotheism and the nominal identical relationship between the perfect man and God Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Names and Attributes with an Approach to the Works of Mojtahed Amin Esfahani
Zahra Kashaniha

One of the significant issues that has been mentioned both in the Qur'an and by mystics is the names of God. Hakim Nosrat Amin Esfahani; Contemporary commentator and mujtahid; In his weighty book and behavior and also in the precious interpretation of the reservoir of m More

One of the significant issues that has been mentioned both in the Qur'an and by mystics is the names of God. Hakim Nosrat Amin Esfahani; Contemporary commentator and mujtahid; In his weighty book and behavior and also in the precious interpretation of the reservoir of mysticism, he has dedicated several pages to the names, divine beauty and supreme attributes of the Almighty, which have been studied in this article. In the Holy Qur'an, it is recommended to recite the divine names, and the Lord of remembrance and the companions of monotheism, recite God Almighty in His names and attributes, and in this way take steps in the stages of conduct. There is no doubt that the remembrance of God through names and attributes is a virtue and can bring man closer to God. There are four verses in the Holy Quran that mention the names of divine beauty and are verses that only mention the names; It has been said. In this article, which is documented by the method of content analysis, first these sublime names from the book of Lady Amin are discussed and then the opinions of some mystics, philosophers and commentators in this regard are expressed and in this regard three important questions: The purpose of counting What are the names in the hadith of the Holy Prophet (PBUH)? How does the counting of names cause one to enter Paradise? How can one be created according to the morality of God?, has been researched Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - An Account of Hierarchy and Realms of Existence from Allameh Tababaei’s Point of View Based on his Philosophical, Koranic, and Mystical Comments
Leila Afsari seid sadraddin tahery Abdolah Salavati

This paper endeavors to study over the standpoint of Allameh Tababaei as a theologian, great commentator, well-aware of the expanse of Islamic mystical thoughts and fundamentals in terms of the hierarchy and realms of existence, and their relationship with divine names More

This paper endeavors to study over the standpoint of Allameh Tababaei as a theologian, great commentator, well-aware of the expanse of Islamic mystical thoughts and fundamentals in terms of the hierarchy and realms of existence, and their relationship with divine names and attributes and the universe and the world of revelation and creation, and deliberates on his philosophical, Koranic, and mystical beliefs.   What stems from the study of Allameh Tabatabaei’s works is that while making a classifications of the hierarchy of world, he had held three viewpoints, namely philosophical, Koranic, and mystical so that he had three separate classifications due to them. In his philosophical works he points to three realms of wisdom, imagination, and matter and materials, and also in Tafsir Almizan that is interpreted verse by verse, the creatures and realms of existence are classified into the world of revelation and world of creation. However, in his views based on mystical trainings, he has argued over a world that is hierarchically superior to the entire philosophical realms, i.e. the realm of divine names and attributes. Therefore, the writer tries to recognize the consistency or inconsistency of the three viewpoints in addition to the precise description of the perspectives, and compare and study over his Koranic and mystical viewpoints with his philosophical ones. The methods used in this paper are descriptive-analytical together with the reference made to the first hand and library sources. Manuscript profile

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11 - Mention, the great name, the non-obscuration of names and the place of the attributes of divine glory and beauty in the course and conduct in the shadow of Najm Kabri's works.
shahrouz goudarzimonfared amir mehdi Mohabbaty Jalil Tajlil roghoye sadraee

10.30495/farsij.2022.1971976.1669

Irfan is based on divine providence in the first level and in the next level based on knowledge, love, self-cultivation, solitude, remembrance, fasting, purity, hearing, pure submission to the complete sheikh and negation of conscience and satisfaction. Najm al-Din Kobr More

Irfan is based on divine providence in the first level and in the next level based on knowledge, love, self-cultivation, solitude, remembrance, fasting, purity, hearing, pure submission to the complete sheikh and negation of conscience and satisfaction. Najm al-Din Kobri, a great mystic of the 6th century and the beginning of the 7th century, who is known by his eternal students. It has great ideas that are still unknown. The necessity of this research occurs because many of the thoughts of this sheikh, who has remained abandoned, have a different wording from other mystics. This research, using the descriptive-analytical method and the use of library and documentary studies, has investigated the zikr and its related issues in the works of Najmuddin Kobari. In addition to dhikr, we discuss controversial topics such as the great name, the prohibition or non-possession of names, and the place of the attributes of divine beauty and glory in the conduct of this Sheikh Wali Tarash. Of course, wider research is needed to resolve the ambiguities and mysteries of Sheikh Kabri's thought. Manuscript profile

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12 - Tasbīḥ in the Comprehensive Position of Divine Names and Attributes
Mohammad Reza Aram

The subject of Walīyullāh, as a collection of divine names and attributes, is one of the most fundamental issues of religion, especially from the perspective of the Ahl al-Bayt (as) school. For this reason, religious scholars have spoken about it in a different way acco More

The subject of Walīyullāh, as a collection of divine names and attributes, is one of the most fundamental issues of religion, especially from the perspective of the Ahl al-Bayt (as) school. For this reason, religious scholars have spoken about it in a different way according to the needs and requirements of their time, which undoubtedly, is important in many ways. In the discussion of the comprehensive truth of divine names and attributes with the subject of Tasbīḥ (glorification), we should finally mention the position and role of Walīyullāh al-ʿAẓam. In the view of Shiism, according to the Ahl al-Bayt (as) school, this position belongs to the guardian of Allah, Imam Mahdi (as); in fact, as the seal of the wilāyat and Walīyullāh, he holds the most final position in the matter of divine guardianship, and the glorification of existence also occurs at his command. Therefore, this article, which is dedicated to the topic of tasbīḥ and glorification in the comprehensive position of divine names and attributes, has introduced and discussed their role in the glorification of existence; and then, according to the stated contents, the influence of His Holiness' presence in the matter of glorification and tasbīḥ in different levels of creation will be explained. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Translation Criticism of God's Names
Farzaneh Tajabadi

The process of message transmitting from the source language to the target language is always difficult, and undoubtedly, translation difficulty level of sacred texts, such as the Quran, is twofold. Considering the nature of the translation, it is not expected of any Qu More

The process of message transmitting from the source language to the target language is always difficult, and undoubtedly, translation difficulty level of sacred texts, such as the Quran, is twofold. Considering the nature of the translation, it is not expected of any Quran's translator to present exact re-creation of the meaning and message of the Quran in target language. Just because of that, different experts as linguists and translation critics should identify and examine mistakes and errors which translators of the Quran encounter, to propose a practical solution. One of the major problems in the Quran's Persian contemporary translations is to select an equivalent for divine names and attributes used frequently in the text of the Quran. This study aimed to identify these fallacies through a survey of ten Quran's contemporary translations chosen from Noor software database randomly. For this purpose, translation of 15 items of divine names and attributes were discussed from the linguistic point of view. In order to increase the validity of the results, names with a high frequency in text were selected. A close view of all the details shows that the most obvious mistakes made in the translation of the divine names and attributes in Persian are: lack of consistency; the non-observance of the consistency in translating the names in verses with similar syntactical and thematic structures; the use of difficult and obsolete equivalents; ignoring the emotional load of the verse in choosing the equivalent; word omission (ellipsis); not paying attention to the lexical and syntactical structure of the word in Arabic language and so on. Manuscript profile

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