List of Articles demand function

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  1 - Evaluation of Consumers' Welfare Costs Due to Rise of Energy Carriers Prices (A Case Study of Iran)
  قدرت‌اله اماموردی رضا هفت‌لنگ مهدی فراهانی
  In this research, in order to survey and assess the effects of increasing energy carriers on consumers' welfare costs in Iran, measurement indexes of welfare costs(EV,CV) and AIDS demand function has been used.Applied data including energy carriers' price (Gasoline, Ker More

  In this research, in order to survey and assess the effects of increasing energy carriers on consumers' welfare costs in Iran, measurement indexes of welfare costs(EV,CV) and AIDS demand function has been used.Applied data including energy carriers' price (Gasoline, Kerosene, Gas Oil, Furnace Fuel Oil, and Liquefied Gas); consumption share and quantity are for the period from 1974 to 2008.Model results indicate that increasing in prices or realizing prices in according to government suggested price scenario results decreasing 16.5 % in utility level and  in order to compensating consumers' income and achieving their initial utility level, sum of RLS 510,000 should be paid annually.    Manuscript profile
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  2 - Study on Trade Restrictiveness of Agricultural Policies in Iran
  G. Norouzi R. Moghaddasi S. Yazdani
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  3 - Estimation of Cinema Demand Function in Islamic Republic of Iran
  دکتر میثم موسایی عبدالرحیم رحیمی
  Presently, the culture of economics in somecountries is given top priority against other sectors of civilian economics. This importantis not only due to the economical values of culture but also due to the outmost importanteffects which are able to boost the civilian ec More

  Presently, the culture of economics in somecountries is given top priority against other sectors of civilian economics. This importantis not only due to the economical values of culture but also due to the outmost importanteffects which are able to boost the civilian economics both direct and indirect. In Iranalso, the culture economics has its own specific importance and it includes industriessuch as cinema, theater, mass media, publications, tourism and sports. Among these,cinema industries as an attractive phenomenon is much more effective with compare toother cultural products and is considered as a center of attraction and interests not onlyby all the culture and art lovely people but also by the sensitive politicians andeconomists too. Unfortunately, cinema demand in Iran has been decreased during last 3decades. Therefore, in view of such importance issue, this paper is aimed at estimatingthe function of demand for cinema in Iran based on the Iran's time series data during1985-2007 periods.Research Methodology: this research tries to use Case and Field Study ResearchMethod. Also according to Classic demand theory and econometric models is usedOrdinary Least Square Technique (OLS) for function of demand for cinema in Iran. Thisestimation is carried out by Eviews economical modeling package.Findings: In this research we have selected the best linerly equation as function ofdemand for cinema in Iran after estimation some equations and tested them. Regardingcinema demand in Iran, average price of ticket, and income, we found all relevant teststatistics indicate that there is relation between these variables. Here, cinema attendance inIran (cinema demand) as dependent variable and other variables such as ticket price,population and income are independent.Conclusion: We start our analysis with the specification of several approaches for cinemademand. According to calculation all of cinema demands elasticity, we analyzed theeffective factors on cinema demand in Iran, such as iterance cost, consumers incomeindex and population growth during 1985-2007 periods in this paper. However, in thisstudy we found cinema demand to be inelastic and elastic with respect to price andincome. Thus, cinema in Iran as cultural good from economic of viewpoint may indeed beseen as a luxury good. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Evaluation of Water Obtained from Flood Spreading Project in GarehBygan-Fasa
  Fardin Boostani Hamid Mohammadi Iman Najafi
  Spreading flood in GarehBygan-Fasa district has resulted significant improvement in ground water resources of the district. So, yearly water providing capacity of the district has increased from 4.08 to over 14.03 million m3. However, more than 26.9 million m3 is exploi More

  Spreading flood in GarehBygan-Fasa district has resulted significant improvement in ground water resources of the district. So, yearly water providing capacity of the district has increased from 4.08 to over 14.03 million m3. However, more than 26.9 million m3 is exploited now that is beyond of the capacity of the district’s water resources. The main objective of this study is the environmental evaluation of the Gareh Bygan project. Environmental value of the project is considered equal to the value of the water provided by the project. Water evaluation was also done in two parts, the over drawn water that is beyond the project capacity and the water that has been available after performing the project within the project capacity. Value of the overdrawn was estimated in two approaches. First the gross margin obtained from the over drown water and based on residual method was attributed to water and second demand for water was estimated. Based on the first approach, price of each m3 overdrawn water was estimated 460 Rials. The corresponding figure obtained from demand approach, was 399.6 Rials, while the price of water within the project capacity was estimated more than 2770 Rials. Based on the residual method total benefits obtained from over drown and within project capacity water was evaluated 5.93 and 27.57 billion Rials, respectively. It was also found that water price is highly dependent on the applied amount of water. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Studying the Demand Schedule and Consumption Behavior of the Urban Households of the Country
  Mohammad Ali Motafaker azad Habib Agajani Kazem Amjadi
         In this paper, the consumption behavior of the Urbanal households of the country in Iran has been studied over 1358-1380 through “Almost Ideal Demand System” model. The articles studied in five main groups include “ More

         In this paper, the consumption behavior of the Urbanal households of the country in Iran has been studied over 1358-1380 through “Almost Ideal Demand System” model. The articles studied in five main groups include “foods, drinks and tobacco products”, “clothing and shoes”, “residence, fuel and electricity”, and “other goods and services”. To study the consumption behavior of city households, Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) has been used. The estimation of the mentioned system has been performed by SUR method. After estimating this model for various article groups of the country urban households, the related, intersecting and income price elasticity has been calculated. The results obtained from hypotheses test show that the homogeneous hypotheses denoting the lack of users’ monetary suspicion, impressibility of household consumption basket by the relative changes of prices, the necessity of article group of " food, drink and tobacco products " and " furniture ", the concordance of price related coefficients with the demand theory has been verified and the conjunction hypothesis (on the intersection effect of prices) is rejected. Manuscript profile
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  6 - Economic Growth in the Middle East Countries
  amirreza souri mohammad hassan sabouri deilami javad attaran
  The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between crude oil demand and economic growth in Middle East by panel unit root and co-integration developed techniques during 1980-2007. By developing a model, the crude oil demand, oil price and GDP and their gro More

  The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between crude oil demand and economic growth in Middle East by panel unit root and co-integration developed techniques during 1980-2007. By developing a model, the crude oil demand, oil price and GDP and their growth rates will be explained. In continue, we are going to estimate two various models for oil demand function and the effect of economic growth on Middle East oil demand. The findings represent that the demand function is asymmetric in respect to price and income. Also, economic growth rate is the most important factor for increasing crude oil consumption in Middle East countries. On the other hand, these countries’ oil demand elasticity based upon the price and income is low, but income elasticity is higher than price. However, the findings suggest that oil demand is more important than economic growth. It is because of these countries’ disability in replacing crude oil by new energy sources.  Manuscript profile
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  7 - Estimating the Export Supply Function of Flowers Case Study: The Dutch Rose of Fars Province in the Region of Persian Gulf
  Seyed Nematollah Mousavi
  The main purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting the export of flowers in Iran. After data collection using by the index of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), the condition of business of flowers in Iran was compared with a number of countries ex More

  The main purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting the export of flowers in Iran. After data collection using by the index of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), the condition of business of flowers in Iran was compared with a number of countries exporting the product. According to the results of study, the small elasticity of the exportation price in the function of export demand is negative and smaller than one, and it indicates that flowers are inelastic goods; moreover, the income from its export could be increased by in-creasing the price. It can be concluded that the domestic price increase will lead to a decrease in exports due to the high elasticity and negative of export supply in comparison with the domestic price. Partial elasticity obtained for the variable of the value of domestic production of flowers in the export supply function in this study indicates that uncontrolled increase production by increasing the acreage under cultivation makes the decrease of exportation price of flowers, and at the most it causes reducing of exportation income because of higher effect of low price in comparison with the effect of an increase in demand; thus, the income from the export of flowers can be increased by controlling the production and the value of export. Manuscript profile
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  8 - آزمون جدایی پذیری ضعیف و برآورد سیستم تقاضای کالاهای خوراکی منتخب در خانوارهای شهری ایران ( مطالعه موردی: مرکبات، صیفی جات و سبزیجات)
  امین دلاور غلامرضا یاوری سعید یزدانی افشین امجدی ابوالفضل محمودی
  وجود جدایی­پذیری در تابع مطلوبیت مصرف­کنندگان شرط لازم و کافی برای بودجه­­بندی چند مرحله­ای و جمعی­سازی سازگار کالاهاست که در آن مخارج با استفاده از شاخص­های قیمت بین گروه­های خوراکی تخصیص داده می­شود و تخصیص درون­گروهی هم به طور More

  وجود جدایی­پذیری در تابع مطلوبیت مصرف­کنندگان شرط لازم و کافی برای بودجه­­بندی چند مرحله­ای و جمعی­سازی سازگار کالاهاست که در آن مخارج با استفاده از شاخص­های قیمت بین گروه­های خوراکی تخصیص داده می­شود و تخصیص درون­گروهی هم به طور مستقل از سایر گروه­ها صورت می­گیرد. در این مطالعه از تابع تقاضای روتردام برای تعیین الگوی مصرف کالاهای منتخب (مرکبات، صیفی جات و سبزیجات) در ایران استفاده شده است. برای این منظور از داده­های مقطع عرضی در سال 1396 که از طریق بانک مرکزی و مرکز آمار ایران جمع آوری گردیده، استفاده شده است. نتایج حاصل از آزمون­های جدایی­پذیری این فرضیه را که مصرف­کنندگان ابتدا درآمد خود را بین کالاهای منتخب به صورت سه گروه مرکب (مرکبات، صیفی­جات و سبزیجات) تخصیص داده و سپس عمل تخصیص درآمد بین انواع زیررده­های آنها که بر اساس گروه­بندی صورت گرفته، را تایید می­نماید. همچنین نتایج تخمین سیستم تقاضا نشان داد ﻫﻤـﻪ ﮔﺮوه­های ﻛـﺎﻻﻳﻲ، دارای کشش قیمتی خودی منفی هستند. در این میان کشش قیمتی گروه­ مرکبات (پرتقال، نارنگی و لیمو)، گروه صیفی­جات (سیب زمینی، گوجه فرنگی و پیاز) و گروه سبزیجات (سبزی­های برگی) به ترتیب برابر 83/0-، 48/0-، 91/0- می­باشند. با توجه به کشش درآمدی که برای سه گروه کالایی محاسبه شده است، گروه دوم کالاها (سیب زمینی، گوجه فرنگی و پیاز) نسبت به سایر گروه­ها، کالایی ضروری­تر است که باید در سیاست­های دولت در رابطه با تولید و قیمت­گذاری محصولات کشاورزی لحاظ شود. Manuscript profile
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  9 - Examining Subsidy Polices on Maize Production in Iran (Panel Data approach)
  Negin Hosseingholizadeh Jafar Haghighat Rassul Mohammadrezaei
  Among the agricultural important factors, inputs are the most significant in agricultural production. This article aimed to examine the impact of government subsidy policies on production of one of the most strategic products, namely on production of one of the most str More

  Among the agricultural important factors, inputs are the most significant in agricultural production. This article aimed to examine the impact of government subsidy policies on production of one of the most strategic products, namely on production of one of the most strategic products, namely maize, in Iran. To achieve this goal, panel data for the nine provinces of Iran's major producers of maize during the period of 1999-2007, is used. In this study, first the country's maize production function has been estimated by using data information for inputs: chemical fertilizer, labor, water, seeds and pesticides. And then, calculating the partial elasticity of production factors,sensitivity of production to changes in the value of inputs is evaluated. Also, using a methodology based on the maximum profit, inputs´ demand function is calculated.Results of analyzing government Subsidy Policy showed that, paying subsidy to chemical fertilizer decreases maize production 0.412 percent, because of low demand elasticity of this input. Also according to subsidy of seed, with regard to low demand elasticity of this input to its price, paying subsidy that decreases seed price, wouldn´t have so high effect on its consumption and consequently, on production growth, so that maize production only increased 0.478 percent due to paying subsidy to seed. Manuscript profile
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  10 - تخمین تقاضای آب بخش کشاورزی با استفاده از تابع آب محصول ( مطالعه موردی ، سیستان)
  Zahra Ghaffari Moghadam
  در این مطالعه با استفاده از تابع آب- عملکرد و تابع سود، تابع تقاضا آب برای بخش کشاورزی در منطقه سیستان بدست آمد. نتایج حاصل از تخمین تابع تولید نشان می­دهد نسبت تبخیر و تعرق واقعی به پتانسیل اثر مثبت و معنی­داری روی نسبت عملکرد واقعی به پتانسیل برای محصول گندم و More

  در این مطالعه با استفاده از تابع آب- عملکرد و تابع سود، تابع تقاضا آب برای بخش کشاورزی در منطقه سیستان بدست آمد. نتایج حاصل از تخمین تابع تولید نشان می­دهد نسبت تبخیر و تعرق واقعی به پتانسیل اثر مثبت و معنی­داری روی نسبت عملکرد واقعی به پتانسیل برای محصول گندم وجود دارد و با توان دوم نسبت تبخیر و تعرق واقعی به پتانسیل رابطه منفی و معنی­داری دارد. چنانچه این نسبت افزایش یابد نسبت عملکرد کاهش می­یابد. پس از بدست اوردن توابع تولید، با استفاده از تابع سود، تابع تقاضا برای بخش کشاورزی نیز بدست آمد. کشش قیمتی تقاضای آب برای بخش کشاورزی 10/1- برآورد شد کوچکتر بودن مقدار این کشش از منفی یک نشان می­دهد که سیاست­های قیمتی می­توانند عامل مهمی در کنترل مصرف غیر بهینه این نهاده با ارزش باشند.  Manuscript profile
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  11 - The hidden variable and volatility of Iran's money demand function
  farshad parvizian alireza erfani
  10.30495/ecomag.2023.706727
  The Effectiveness of Monetary Policy Is Dependence with Shape, Stipulated and Stability the Functions of Money Demand and Liquidity. The Formation of Expected Inflation, can Be a Function of Knowledge, Information and Even Personal Understanding Based on Mental Patterns More

  The Effectiveness of Monetary Policy Is Dependence with Shape, Stipulated and Stability the Functions of Money Demand and Liquidity. The Formation of Expected Inflation, can Be a Function of Knowledge, Information and Even Personal Understanding Based on Mental Patterns of Individuals from the Published Data Issue. The Economic Actors, Based on Expectations of Prices in the Future, Based on Knowledge and Information from the Economy, Deciding they Needed Information from Various Sources Directly or from the Media .In This Research, with the Introduction of the New Variable , the Presence of the Chairman of the Central Bank in the Media, the Demand Functions for the Short and Long Term for the Volume of Money M1, and Liquidity M2, Using Monthly Data of IRAN and Its Approach and Explain, Distributive ARDL Estimates we have. The Results Showed that the Entry Variable, the Presence of the Head of the Central Bank in the money demand Function, Causing Instability, this function will Be. Manuscript profile
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  12 - An Estimate of demand function for higher education of Islamic Azad University students, Abhar branch
  Yadollah Rajaei
  The aim of this study is to estimate of demand for higher education of Islamic Azad University, Abhar branch, according to demographic, economic, social, and psychological factors. The sample of research included 972 students that enrolled in 87-88 academic year. Subjec More

  The aim of this study is to estimate of demand for higher education of Islamic Azad University, Abhar branch, according to demographic, economic, social, and psychological factors. The sample of research included 972 students that enrolled in 87-88 academic year. Subjects were asked to complete demographic, social and economic information form, achievement motivation questionnaire, and social acceptance questionnaire. Results of Binary Logistic Regression and Multinomial Logistic Regression revealed that house status, interest, marriage status, achievement motivation, age, tuition, education cost, and student/family income affect the demand of majors. Also, interest, coming job, parent’s job, marriage status, achievement motivation, age, tuition and education cost were significant. Manuscript profile
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  13 - The Estimation of province–wise demand function for commercial insurance services (1002-1002)
  Mohammad Reza Mirzaei Nejad Mehdi Mohammadi
  The development dynamics between various sectors of an economy exerts an effective force towards sustainable development. The potential role of service sector in this regard is outstanding since it constitutes a larger share in GNP. In this context, insurance industry More

  The development dynamics between various sectors of an economy exerts an effective force towards sustainable development. The potential role of service sector in this regard is outstanding since it constitutes a larger share in GNP. In this context, insurance industry, a key segment of service sector, play a cushioning role for other sectors as it provides financial and psychological support to the entire economy. Insurance activities in Iran, despite its century long existence and experience, have not exploited its potential role in business environment and have not fulfilled its expected role in the economy of Iran. This paper has aimed to estimate the demand function for commercial insurance across the country (province-wise demand function). Attempts have been made to measure statistically the effect of variable such as Income Per capita, premium, inflation, literacy rate and compensation paid, on the demand for commercial insurance in Iran. The author has applied Eviews software and Panel Data techniques to estimate the parameters. The time span covered it this study starts from March 20, 2110 to March 21, 2113. The findings of this research indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between Income Per capita and the demand for commercial insurance in Iranian provinces. An increase of 01 in Income Per capita brings about 11031 increase in demand for insurance. Moreover, there is a positive and significant relationship between compensation paid and demand for commercial insurances in the provinces. The demand for insurance services would increase by 1171 in response to 01 increase in compensation paid. The relationship between premium paid and the demand for commercial insurances in the provinces, is found to be negative and statistically meaningful. In other words, one per cent increase in premium per insurance issued would contract demand for insurance by 11.. per cent Manuscript profile
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  14 - ارزیابی هزینه رفاهی ناشی از اثرات افزایش نرخ ارز و قیمت حامل‌های انرژی بر هزینه‌های رفاهی مصرف کننده در ایران
  محمد شریف کریمی قدرت اله امام وردی مجتبی کریمی
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  15 - The Estimation of the Recreational Value of Taq-Bostan Park in Kermanshah Using Individual Travel Cost Method
  Saeed Samadi M. Al-Sadat Nahvi M. Rajabi
  The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of liquidity on national savings in the economy using econometric regression vector and vector error correction model in 1973 to 2007. The results of the model indicate that the effects of changes in short-term More

  The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of liquidity on national savings in the economy using econometric regression vector and vector error correction model in 1973 to 2007. The results of the model indicate that the effects of changes in short-term and long-term liquidity on national saving rate is positive and significant, and with the passage of time these works are neutral.there are negative and statistically significant. Manuscript profile
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  16 - The Estimation of the Recreational Value of Taq-Bostan Park in Kermanshah Using Individual Travel Cost Method
  Gholamali sharzaei O. Moradi Y. goli
  Recreation and outing is one of the most important human needs, that the environment  has resolved many aspect of it. But real value of environment due to its public is not known. This problem has great damage on this resource, however, economists had many efforts More

  Recreation and outing is one of the most important human needs, that the environment  has resolved many aspect of it. But real value of environment due to its public is not known. This problem has great damage on this resource, however, economists had many efforts to determine the true value of ecosystems, because the market dose not have a ability  to determine to value of non-market services of ecosystems. So they uses  Non-market valuation methods. In this research, we examine the recreational value of Taq-Bostan forest park and visitors’ willingness to pay based on on-site collected data, using individual travel cost method (ITCM). Moreover, in order to estimate the demand function for visiting the park and subsequently, the willingness to pay of the visitors, Truncated poisson model and maximum likelihood method have been used. The result show that the average willingness to pay of each visitor for the recreational park under study is 11021 thousand tomans (according to 1392 prices) for each visit per year. To conclude, such willingness to pay provides policy-makers and government officials with enough justification to support the improve the quality of Taq-Bostan recreational park by at least investing on its preservation as much as the visitors’ willingness to pay. Manuscript profile