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Open Access Article
1 - Effect of cover crops and their residue management on total weed density, yield and yield components of maize and soil
parviz sharifiziveh Batoul SamedaniThe experiment was conducted in the agricultural year of 2018-2019 at Moghan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center as a split factorial design with a complete random block design in four replications. Treatment of cover crops in seven levels (rye, crimson c MoreThe experiment was conducted in the agricultural year of 2018-2019 at Moghan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center as a split factorial design with a complete random block design in four replications. Treatment of cover crops in seven levels (rye, crimson clover, rapeseed, barley, sedge, mixed rye + sedge and without cover crop) in the main plot (A) and the treatment combination of cover crop management (B) in two levels (1- floor and roller and 2- plowing and leaving on the soil surface) and weed control (C) on two levels (1- using herbicide to control weeds and 2- no weed control) in the sub-plot to the factorial face was arranged. The results showed that the treatment of the mixture of rye cover plant with sedge has reduced the density of weeds by 86.40% compared to the control without cover plant. Also, this treatment has increased corn yield by 58.37% compared to the control without cover crop. Also, the highest percentage of corn yield increase compared to the control (58.37%) and the highest percentage of soil moisture (28.02%) are assigned to this treatment. The rate of water infiltration in the soil related to rye treatment was higher and the lowest rate of water infiltration was in the control treatment. The general results show that planting winter cover plants can increase soil fertility and store more moisture in the soil while managing weeds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Assessment of Clover Root Curculio, Sitona puncticollis Stephens (Col.: Curculionidae) Injury on Lucerne (Medicago sativa) in Pots
A. Pourhaji A. TavassoliAlfalfa is one of the most important crops that are infested by Sitona species in Iran. Adults and larvae of Sitona spp. feed on foliage and root of legumes and cause serious damages on them. Collection of adults of this genus during 2003 -2004 years from alfalfa fields MoreAlfalfa is one of the most important crops that are infested by Sitona species in Iran. Adults and larvae of Sitona spp. feed on foliage and root of legumes and cause serious damages on them. Collection of adults of this genus during 2003 -2004 years from alfalfa fields of eleven localities in East Azarbaidjan Province, Sitona puncticollis Stephens was found to be the dominant species. To estimate of damage of this species, 100 pots of common alfalfa cultivar (Ghara yonje) were sowed and after 2.5 months. Fifty pots were infested with eggs of S. puncticollis and the rests were maintained as control. After two months, length of stem and roots and their dry and fresh weights were measured in 30 infested and 30 uninfested pots. The data of infested and uninfested pots were compared by T- test. Results showed that there were significant differences (P< 0.01) between all measured traits in infested and uninfested pots. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Mixed-cropping and Its Effects on Yield and Agronomical Traits of Barley (Hordeum vulgar L.) and Bersim Clover (Trifolium alexanderium L.)
S. Mohammadi N. Khalil Agdam A. Khoshnejad M. Pour Yousef N. JalilnejadMixed-cropping of barley (Hordeum vulgar L.) and clover (Trifolium alexanderium L.) was studied in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications to detect their best planting patterns at Agriculture Research Center of Miandoab. The experiment comprised of 10 tr MoreMixed-cropping of barley (Hordeum vulgar L.) and clover (Trifolium alexanderium L.) was studied in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications to detect their best planting patterns at Agriculture Research Center of Miandoab. The experiment comprised of 10 treatments: 9B:1C (nine rows of barley: one row of annual clover), 8B:2C, 7B:3C, 6B:4C, 5B:5C, 4B:6C, 3B:7C, 2B:8C, 1B:9C and sole croppings of each plants. The results indicated that intercropping as a whole had a significant effect on number of stem, plant height and yield of clover. On other hands, the highest clover yields (8.3 t/ha) was achieved in sole cropping and lowest (1.2 t/ha) in 10:90 (Barley: Clover) treatment. Results also showed that spike length, number of seed per spike, 1000-grain weight, protein percent, economical yield and biological yield were affected by mixed-cropping. Reducing planting rows of barley relative to clover caused 87% reduction in both economical and biological yields. 1000-grain weight also decreased from 45.82 to 39g. Total LER was 1 in all of patterns and in 40:60 (barley: clover) pattern was the highest. LER calculated based on forage in two crops was similar to LER which achieved on seed yield of barley and forage yield of clover. Decreasing in rows of barley diminished LER to <1 and when density of barley decreased in field, LER reached to <1. Overall, results showed that the best pattern planting for barley-clover Mixed-cropping for forage and for forage production in clover and seed yield in barley was 40:60 (barley: clover). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Evaluation of Annual Clover Ecotypes by Using Drought Tolerance Indices
Sh. Nikou M. Pouryousef Miandoab A. Hassanzadeh GorttapeTo evaluate clover ecotypes by using drought tolerance indices, 17 annual clover ecotypes were tested in a split-plot experiment by using randomized complete block design with three replications, under two irrigated and rain-fed conditions in the Saatlo Rese MoreTo evaluate clover ecotypes by using drought tolerance indices, 17 annual clover ecotypes were tested in a split-plot experiment by using randomized complete block design with three replications, under two irrigated and rain-fed conditions in the Saatlo Research Station in Urmia, Iran. In this study, based on the dry matter yield in stressed (Ys) and non-stressed (Yp) conditions, quantitative values of drought tolerance indices of mean productivity index (MP), tolerance index (TOL), geometric mean productivity index (GMP), harmonic mean index (HM), stress susceptibility index (SSI), and stress tolerance index (STI) were calculated. There was a significant difference among the ecotypes as to their yields under irrigated and rain-fed conditions, which indicated the existence of genetic diversity and the possibility of selection for drought tolerance and using them in breeding programs for further genetic. The correlations among drought indices and Yp and Ys showed that MP, GMP, HM, and STI were highly correlated with Yp and Ys. Cluster analysis categorized tolerant ecotypes No. 11, 2, 13, 8 and 10 in the same group and the others in the sensitive one. Based on the values of indices and higher dry matter yield, in both stress and non-stress conditions, ecotype No. 11 (T.resupinatum L.) was recognized to be as the most tolerant ecotype against drought. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Effects of Previous Crop and Rate of Phosphorous Fertilizer Application on Yield and Yield Components of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Shiroudi
Abouzar Abbasian Hashem AminpanahGrowing berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum) prior to rice can be a good strategy for reduction of chemical fertilizer consumption and increasing the sustainability of the rice cropping systems. For this purpose, a field experiment was conducted by using a split-plot MoreGrowing berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum) prior to rice can be a good strategy for reduction of chemical fertilizer consumption and increasing the sustainability of the rice cropping systems. For this purpose, a field experiment was conducted by using a split-plot based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, at the Rice Research Station of Tonekabon, Iran in 2014-2015. Growing berseem clover and use of fallow (control), were assigned to main plots, and amount of phosphorus fertilizer (without P and 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg.ha-1 P) to the sub-plots. At crop maturity, seed yield, yield components and phosphorus content of seeds were evaluated. The results showed that seed yield of rice (7566.3 kg.ha-1) after clover was significantly higher than after fallow (6465.1 kg.ha-1) (p<0.05). Growing clover before rice significantly increased panicle number per m2 and number of filled seeds per panicle, but it did not effect thousand seed weight, significantly. Increasing application of phosphorus, from 0 to 75 kg.ha-1, increased seed yield significantly by (30.49 %), but higher phosphorus application (100 kg.ha-1) did not seed yield significantly. While, panicle number per m2 (20.5 %), filled seed number per panicle (12.93 %), biological yield (22.05 %), seed P content (14.95 %) and seed P uptake (49.2 %) were increased significantly with the application of P fertilizer as compared that of not using of phosphorus fertilizer. Based on the result of this experiment, the highest paddy yield could be obtained when rice planted after clover and use of 75 kg.ha-1 of phosphorus fertilizer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - اثر باز دارنده رشد عصاره شبدر قرمز بر سلولهای سرطانی راجی در لنفوم بورکیت
مرتضی داودی شهریار سعیدیان رضا صغیری زهرا زمانی غلام رضا بخشی خانیکیBackground & Aim: In folk medicine, red clover (Trifolium pratense) use to treat some diseases such as whooping cough, asthma, eczema, and some ophthalmic dysfunction. Due to its phytoestrogens and antioxidant-rich compounds, it is recommended to alleviate some canc MoreBackground & Aim: In folk medicine, red clover (Trifolium pratense) use to treat some diseases such as whooping cough, asthma, eczema, and some ophthalmic dysfunction. Due to its phytoestrogens and antioxidant-rich compounds, it is recommended to alleviate some cancers. This paper was conducted to study the anti-cancer and apoptosis effects of red clover extract (RCE) on the Raji cell line in Burkitt's lymphoma.Experimental: Red clover lyophilized powder (CAS = 85085-25-2) with a fixed ratio of Formononetin, Biochanin A, Daidzein, and Genistein was acquired from Sigma Aldrich German company. Raji cells were obtained from the Pasteur Institute of Iran-Tehran. Raji cells were treated with different concentrations of RCE, and viable cells were measured at an interval of 24, 48, and 72 hours incubation in three days by MTT assay. Agarose gel electrophoresis was used to determine the DNA degradation. Annexin V-FITC/PI kit and flow cytometry assay were used to determine the percent of apoptotic and necrotic treated Raji cells. Also, expression changes in cMYC, ID3, and P53 genes were measured by real-time PCR. Results: Red clover extract can prevent in vitro proliferation of the Raji cells in a time and dose-dependent manner. RCE, as well as c-MYC gene suppression and induction of ID3 and P53 genes, enters the Raji cells in the apoptosis stages with an acceptable percentage and has complication cure potential in Burkitt's lymphoma. Recommended applications/industries: The extract used in this study combines four components. The individual evaluation effects of Formononetin, Biochanin A, Daidzein, and Genistein on Raji cells are recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Morning vs. Afternoon Harvest Time of Alfalfa, Clover, and Barley Affect the Chemical Composition and Nutritional Value of Silage
J. Bayatkouhsar F. Rezaii F. Ghanbari R. Rahchamani -
Open Access Article
8 - Evaluation of salinity tolerance of different clover species at germination and seedling stages
Forogh Hajivand Ghassemabadi Hamidreza Eisvand Omid Ali Akbarpour -
Open Access Article
9 - Effect of humic acid application on agronomic characteristics of some varieties of clover (Trifolium sp.)
علی تدین مجتبی ظفریانIn order to evaluate the effect of humic acid application on agronomic characteristics of some varieties of clover (Trifolium sp.), a field experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replicates at Research Field of Faculty MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of humic acid application on agronomic characteristics of some varieties of clover (Trifolium sp.), a field experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replicates at Research Field of Faculty of Agriculture, Shahr-e-Kord University, Shahr-e-Kord, Iran in 2013. Three varieties of clover (Bersim, Haftchin (Persian) and Kermanshahi) were considered as the first factor and three levels of humic acid applications [control (without humic acid), 5 and 10 lha-1] as the second factors. Results showed that shoot dry weight, dry weight per plant, root and shoot dry weight per plant, plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter were affected by interaction effect of variety×humic acid. First and Second time of harvest had 57% and 43% of the most values of treatments, respectively. Haftchin and Kermanshahi varieties had the highest and Bersim had the lowest values of the treatments. Humic acid with 10 l ha-1 produced the highest values of measured treatments. In general, application of 10 liter humic acid per ha produced the highest values of shoot dry weight by 3410 and 3800 kg ha-1 in Kermanshahi and Haftchin varieties, respectively. Bersim produced the lowest value of shoot dry weight by 686 kg ha-1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Determination of the Benefits of Different Berseem Clover Cultivars and Nitrogen Fertilizer in Forage Corn Intercropping System
Ali Soleymani -
Open Access Article
11 - The Study of Variation and Relationship between Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Red Clover (Trifolium Pratense L.) in Climate Conditions of Borugerd
S. Nakhjavan A. A. Jafari M. Kharatchi M. ShahverdiIn order to study genetic variation and heritability in fifteen cultivars of red clover in climate conditions of Broujerd an experiment in based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications under irrigated conditions in Agriculture Researches Cente MoreIn order to study genetic variation and heritability in fifteen cultivars of red clover in climate conditions of Broujerd an experiment in based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications under irrigated conditions in Agriculture Researches Center and National Resources of Broujerd in 2013-2014 cropping year was carried out. The measured traits were including of dry and wet forage yield in three cuts, plant height, digestibility percentage, crude protein percentage (%CP),Water soluble carbohydrates (%WSC), insoluble fiber in acid percentage, crude fiber percentage (%CF) and ash percentage (%AH) in two cuts and ratio leaf to stem and regrowth rate in one cut. The qualitative traits were measured by near infrared reflectance (NIR) technology. The results of analysis of variance were indicated that differences between cuts for all traits and genotype effect and interaction genotype × cut for all traits except plant height and ash percentage were significant. Compare means, Duncan method were showed Chamran, Renova, Shahrecord and Reszti cultivars with range between 52 to 56 t.ha-1 wet forage and range of 17.3 to 18.3 t.ha-1 dry forage in general three cuts had the highest forage yield. In among them Renova and Shahrechord cultivars had the highest plant height and ratio leaf to stem, but Charmahal had high mean for qualitative traits including digestibility and total ash and low mean for ADF and %CP. low In other words, it had higher forage yield and quality. In comparison between means of cuts, the highest and lowest forage yield related to 1 and 3 cuts, respectively. Simple coefficients of correlation among forage yield with plant height and digestibility was positive and with ratio leaf to stem and soluble carbohydrates in water was negative and significant. Coefficients of correlation between digestibility and protein percentage were positive and significant and these traits had negative and significant correlation with soluble carbohydrates in water, percentage crude fiber and ADF. Results of principal components analysis (PCA) for 15 genotypes in 11 traits showed three first principal components explained 72% from total variation. In the first component, wet forage yield, digestibility percentage, crude protein percentage and soluble carbohydrate in water explained the highest variation. In the second component, plant height, insoluble fiber in acid, crude fiber percentage, total ash percentage had the highest vector coefficients. In the third component, dry forage yield with ratio leaf to stem had negative correlation. In cluster analysis base on the ward's method 15 genotypes of red clover for 11 traits placed in three clusters. Shahrod and Renova Cultivars placed in cluster number 3, and had high forage yield and medium digestibility percentage, crude protein percentage and soluble carbohydrates in water. In contrast, cultivars placed in cluster number 2, had medium yield but better quality. Cultivars placed in cluster number 1 had lower values for quantitative and qualitative traits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Effect of Red Clover Leaf Extract on Expression of Genes Involved in Follicogenesis and Proliferation of Ovarian Granulosa Cells of NMRI Mice
Farzaneh Rangamiz Javad Baharara Khadijeh ShahrokhabadiInfertility is one of the major medical problems in today’s world. Today, some studies have addressed the effects of phytoestrogenic compounds in the treatment of infertility. Red clover is one of the herbs containing phytoestrogenic compounds. In the present stud MoreInfertility is one of the major medical problems in today’s world. Today, some studies have addressed the effects of phytoestrogenic compounds in the treatment of infertility. Red clover is one of the herbs containing phytoestrogenic compounds. In the present study, the effect of red clover leaf extract on expression of genes involved in follicogenesis and proliferation of granulosa cells in NMRI mice was investigated. In this experimental in vitro study, 30 NMRI 18-20 immature female rats were used. For experiments, follicular granulosa cells were isolated, and in vitro cells were randomly divided into 6 groups.Control (untreated) and experimental groups with concentrations (10, 15, 20, 40, 80 μg/ml) of treated red clover leaf extract and cell viability were evaluated by trypan blue staining and MTT staining. Expression changes of BMP15 and FOXO1 genes were evaluated by Real Time PCR. The results of trypan blue staining and MTT assay showed that cell viability decreased with increasing concentration and time of treatment with clover leaf extract. Moreover, the expression level of BMP15 and FOXO1 genes was significantly increased in the 10 μg/ml red clover leaf extract compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Due to the effect of red clover leaf extract on granulosa cell proliferation and expression of genes involved in follicogenesis, this plant can be considered as a suitable candidate for clinical studies in infertility treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Evaluation of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum) intercropping system
Yagoub RaeiOne of the most important methods of sustainable agriculture and environmental conservation is intercropping. On this basis, a field study was carried out at research station of agricultural faculty, Tabriz University in 2003. The row-intercropping was used as a croppin MoreOne of the most important methods of sustainable agriculture and environmental conservation is intercropping. On this basis, a field study was carried out at research station of agricultural faculty, Tabriz University in 2003. The row-intercropping was used as a cropping pattern. Cultural pattern was replacement series. Treatments were arrangedwithin Randomized Complete Block Design with threereplications. Treatments comprised of pure stand of sorghum (T1), %75 sorghum+%25 Egyptian clover (T2), %50 sorghum+%50 Egyptian clover (T3), %25 sorghum+%75 Egyptian clover (T4), and pure stand of Egyptian clover. The results showed that pure stands of sorghum (12/225 t/ha) and Egyptian clover (3/309t/ha) had the highest and the lowest forage yields On during season growth within three harvests. Among harvests, the second harvest had higher yield than other harvests. T2 had the greater LER (1.14) than other intercropping combinations. It was concluded that sorghum had more competitive effects on Egyptian clover, as Competitive effects of a plant sorghum was equal to 3.3 plants of Egyptian clover. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Effect cover crops compound cultivation with potato on its yield and weeds control
Elham Fasihfar Zahra Hosseini CiciTo evaluate the effect of cover crops including sorghum, Persian clover and fenugreek on potato yield and weed population, an experiment was conducted as complete randomized block design with four replication in Shiraz University, Research Station of Agriculture Faculty MoreTo evaluate the effect of cover crops including sorghum, Persian clover and fenugreek on potato yield and weed population, an experiment was conducted as complete randomized block design with four replication in Shiraz University, Research Station of Agriculture Faculty, in spring and summer of 2012. The treatments control with and without weed control measures, and mentioned cover crops cultivated with potato. After weedy control, the less weed dry matter possessing plots was observed in potato-clover compound planting. Sorghum-potato and fenugreek systems were in the last places. Fieldbind weed, redroot pigweed and lambsquarters as dominant weeds had the least population in the sorghum-potato treatment and afterwards in the clover and fenugreek. All treatments reduced potato tuber yield and there was no significant differences between them. On the whole cover crops can be used for weeds management of potato farms as a none chemical option. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Effect of weeding and by forage and medicinal plants as companion crops on some of agronomic traits of corn cv. SC504
Farhood Yeganehpoor Saeed Zehtab-Salmasi Moustafa Valizadeh Akram Moeini-Rad Vahid BeyginiyaTo study the effects of ecological weeds management by some of companion crops on agronomic traits of corn (single cross 504), an experiment was carried out in 2011 in Research Farm of faculty of agriculture at University Tabriz. The experiment was carried out in a fact MoreTo study the effects of ecological weeds management by some of companion crops on agronomic traits of corn (single cross 504), an experiment was carried out in 2011 in Research Farm of faculty of agriculture at University Tabriz. The experiment was carried out in a factorial arrangement with the base of randomized complete block design in three repetitions. The treatments of this experiment included type of medical and cover plant in 4 levels (Clover, hairy vetch, basil and dill) as first factorial and time of cultivating cover and medical plant in tow levels (synchronic cultivation with corn and cultivation 15 days after corn cultivation) as second factorial. The results showed that the among companion crops, the cultivation of clover with corn had highest amount in all traits compared to other treatments because clover could closer rapid canopy that due to better control of weeds in the early stages of growth and decreased competition of inter specific. Also, synchronic cultivation companion crops with corn relation to cultivation 15 days after corn cultivation in all traits had highest amount, and lowest mean of density and weed biomass was observed in synchronic cultivation corn with clover. Hence with the attention to importance of life environmental issues and the above cost due consumption of herbicide for weeds control has been recommend if possible for weeds control in farms has been used on the one of companion crops or medicinal crops instead of herbicide toxins. Manuscript profile
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