List of Articles arid climate

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  1 - Analysis of Hydrodynamic Behavior of Windbreaks in the Average Internal Temperature of Semi-Warm and Arid Climates in Kashan with the Aim of Greater Efficiency
  Mohammad Ali Karbasfurooshha Fereshteh Habib Hossein Zabihi
  10.30495/hoviatshahr.2022.65818.12175
  One of the ways to achieve a building with higher energy efficiency and an efficient system is to use local architectural experiences. In the meantime, a windbreak is one of the elements used in the past to create comfort in Kashan's hot and dry climates. The interior o More

  One of the ways to achieve a building with higher energy efficiency and an efficient system is to use local architectural experiences. In the meantime, a windbreak is one of the elements used in the past to create comfort in Kashan's hot and dry climates. The interior of these settlements in this climate aims to greater efficiency of this element by CFD software, Energy Plus, and Open Studio with a descriptive-analytical method and then analyzed the results.  It has water spray, and one of the leading causes of temperature drop in these wind deflectors is the proportionality of the dimensions-the air inlet valve to the wind deflector, water temperature, dimensions, and height of the wind deflector column. Iranian indigenous architecture's interaction with the climate is a deep and ancient interaction that has long been using its experiences and techniques to create an architecture with maximum energy savings in Iran's climatic areas. The process of formation of these techniques in the length of time and in order to adapt to the climate while utilizing the natural force in the environment has created a suitable natural space for users. Innovative technology reduces the long-standing concern of architects in saving and optimizing energy consumption in buildings. In the meantime, the windbreak is one of the elements used in the past to create comfort in Kashan's hot and dry climates. They were used to move and cool the air in the building. The primary function of the wind deflectors was to direct the outside air into the building, relative cooling by establishing a flow at work and people living in different cities and places. Research has proven that the wind deflector is a suitable device for natural ventilation of the indoor air to reduce the internal temperature of the building and create thermal comfort for the residents. Traditional windbreaks are correctly designed according to the day's needs and have been widely used in hot and dry areas of Iran. What is certain is that the use of this element in today's world requires its adaptation to today's life. Today's cities and buildings have different faces, and windbreaks are limited. And analyze how it operates in terms of form and function. Comparison of the results of the analysis of wind speed in wind turbines and how the wind is oriented in the interior shows. Due to the low thermal mass of the windbreak walls compared to the room, the temperature fluctuation is always higher than the room. To reduce the room temperature further, the priority is to use a spray windshield over windshield wipers. Especially, windshields with water spray in which most of the room has a temperature of 298 K are approximately equal to 25 degrees Celsius and are in Kashan city's thermal comfort range. One of the main factors in this Temperature drop proportionality of dimensions- air inlet valve to the windshield, water temperature, measurements, and height of the windshield column. Manuscript profile
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  2 - A Comparative Study on Persian Gardens of Chehelsotoun and Hashtbehesht of Isfahan with the Parameters of Sustainable Landscape in order to respond to Climatic Objectives in Arid Regions
  Honey Fadaie Tamidjanie Seyed Majid Mofidi Shemirani Seyed Amir Mansouri Mohsen Faizi
  10.30495/hoviatshahr.2020.14223
  It is a necessity in modern life, especially in the metropolitans to create urban green spaces thatcorresponds to sustainable parameters. Urban green spaces such as gardens and parks, as parts of urban landscape have effective roles in identifying urban public spaces, a More

  It is a necessity in modern life, especially in the metropolitans to create urban green spaces thatcorresponds to sustainable parameters. Urban green spaces such as gardens and parks, as parts of urban landscape have effective roles in identifying urban public spaces, and because of their correspondence with climatic and environmental conditions, they can decrease environmental pollutions, use of fossil fuel consumptions, and also respond to life requirements, as sustainable landscapes.According to scholar studies, one of the main strategies to respond to climatic conditions and environmental obstacles is historical gardens of Iran, created to moderate local climate of vast arid regions of Iran. The creation of historical gardens of ancient Persia are usually determined by different factors such as intellectual, economic, political, artistic and etc., Which in their turn mirrored in them. Persian garden as a cultural, historical, and environmental phenomenon has had background and it could respond to human comfort for many millennia. It seems that considering to parameters of environmental sustainability and climatic factors was an essential strategy in Iranian garden design. Thus, the use of Persian gardens’ design method in arid regions of contemporary green spaces in Iran and the other similar climatic regions can moderate local climate. This paper has applied objective research method to achieve principles and parameters of Persian gardens in arid regions, so that they can be used in accordance with contemporary patterns and parameters of landscape design and creation of sustainable environments. The main question of this research is “how the climate has effected the process of Persian garden design?” Analysis method of this paper is descriptive-analytical, based on both quantitative and qualitative methods, and the data collection from chosen samples of gardens and analyzing them based on library research and field studies. The main reasons for the authors to achieve the logical and accurate results are to select gardens located in arid regions, with specific framework of natural and built elements and orders. In addition, it was possible for the authors to access the    architectural documents of the gardens. Thus, the selected case studies in this research are Chehelsotoun and Hashtbehesht gardens, two reminder gardens of arid region of Isfahan city. The main hypothesis of this research is: “The climatic parameters are the essential factors to create the Persian garden in the hot and arid regions of Isfahan”. The framework of this research includes these three processes: First, description of climatic features and parameters of hot and arid regions and the city of Isfahan. Second, exploration of climatic design strategies in architecture and landscape architecture design in hot and arid regions. And third, explanation and validation of climatic design strategies in the gardens of Chahelsotoun and Hashtbehesht as selected case studies of this paper. By the analysis of sustainable characteristics and climatic strategies in selected gardens, their response to climatic objects are assessed, and shows that climatic characteristics and objectives are the main factor in physical models and principles, spatial organization and composition of elements of Persian garden design in arid regions. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Determination of Limit of Thermal Comfort in Arid Climate (Case Study: Yazd City)
  Mohammad Hassan Sadeghi Ravesh Seyed Mehdi Tabatabaei
        In sustainable development process, native evaluation of limit of thermal comfort with the goal of energy conservation is necessary in different climates.  Because with determination of these limits, energy loss is declined considerab More

        In sustainable development process, native evaluation of limit of thermal comfort with the goal of energy conservation is necessary in different climates.  Because with determination of these limits, energy loss is declined considerably and causes to decline of unsuitable energy consuming. With respect to, more than 60 percent of Iran area is located in arid and ultra arid climate and therefore recognition of limit of thermal comfort in this climate has multiplied importance.             For calculation of limit of thermal comfort, Yazd city was considered with arid and cold climate as the case study in this research. The limits of thermal comfort were reformed on the basis of the latitude of the study area. Then the limits of thermal comfort were calculated for warm and cold terms of the year according to the climatic data and field observation and on the basis of corrected diagram of Olgyay.        The obtained results show that thermal limit was assessed for summer condition 21.8 º - 27 º and for winter condition 20.4 º - 23 º and also optimum limit of relative humidity was assessed 18% -53%.        The proposed thermal and humidity limits, maintains proper internal conditions, reduces energy unsuitable consumption during of years   Manuscript profile
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  4 - Geomorphology of loess - deposit Case study: South and East of Aghband north of Golestan – Province
  M.R Servati M.R Zandmoghadam
  This paper presents the processes and forms that are shaped in loess deposit in the south and east of Aghband. The study area is the Centre of agriculture of Golestan- province. Therefore the investigation of erosion outcrops such as gully erosion, badland and landslid More

  This paper presents the processes and forms that are shaped in loess deposit in the south and east of Aghband. The study area is the Centre of agriculture of Golestan- province. Therefore the investigation of erosion outcrops such as gully erosion, badland and landslide in the study area is important. Another important processes are  the characteristics of arid and semi arid climate as well as other natural factors involved. Using the laboratory methods which were carried out on soils of the study area has shown that the presence of limestone, silt, clay and gips of the loess- deposit has led to the forming of Gully erosion in arid- central part, piping in semi- arid- part and landslide in humid sourthern part and badland topography in  most parts of northern and southern parts of the study area. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Evaluation of Four Meteorological Drought Indices in Hamedan Province
  Azadeh Kazemi Ali Akbar Sbziparvar Shooka Faslbahar
  This research evaluates the meteorological drought spells by multi-dimensional comparison of fourmeteorological drought indices supported with 35 years rainfall data (1967-2001) series records for 22 rain gauge stations in a cold semi-arid region located in west of Iran More

  This research evaluates the meteorological drought spells by multi-dimensional comparison of fourmeteorological drought indices supported with 35 years rainfall data (1967-2001) series records for 22 rain gauge stations in a cold semi-arid region located in west of Iran. Drought indices include: Percent of Normal Precipitation Index (PNPI)، Z Standard Index (Z)، Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI) and Standard Precipitation Index (SPI). After calculation of drought indices for the desire time scale، they were evaluated and compared using correlation relations. Using Cluster Analysis technique، the drought status in the region was classified into different categories. The criteria were the statistical ones based on the succession of dry، normal and wet years. It was found that both Z and RAI indices were statistically similar and gave almost similar results in drought evaluations. By correlation، all indices of PNPI-Z، PNPI-RAI and Z-RAI in all stations indicated high reciprocal correlations in addition to Z-RAI which showed similar results explaining drought conditions. Finally، from the correlation relationships and the output den do-grams، RAI and Z were respectively identified as the best indices for meteorological drought evaluations in the region، due to more relevance to the reality than the rest. These indices showed that four droughts have occurred during years of 1967-1968، 1976-77، 1983-84، 1988-89، 1996-97 and 1998-99. Despite the common use of SPI in monitoring the meteorological drought in Iran، this index is not recommended for cold semi-arid climate conditions. Manuscript profile
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  6 - The Patterns of Persian Gardens ‘Design Considering to Attributes of Hot and Arid Desert Climate (BWhs) - Case Studies: Dolatabad and Fin Gardens
  Honey Fadaie
  The desert arid climate (Bwhs) is one of the hottest and driest climatic regions in the world and paying attention to its climatic features in architecture and landscape design can be the effective role in modifying the environmental conditions of this region. Many scho More

  The desert arid climate (Bwhs) is one of the hottest and driest climatic regions in the world and paying attention to its climatic features in architecture and landscape design can be the effective role in modifying the environmental conditions of this region. Many scholars believe that traditional architecture of Iran has responded to many environmental obstacles for millennia. The Persian garden, as a symbol and paradigm of historical landscape, has had many climatic design strategies in the hot and arid desert land of the Central Plateau of Iran, which include decreasing the temperature, increasing humidity and controlling hot and dusty winds. In the country that contains the large areas of the hot and arid deserts, gardens as the microclimates play the key roles in modifying environmental conditions and meeting the comfort of residents. Utilizing of natural materials, applying the appropriate methods in irrigation and planting systems and using the water and plants in order to create passive cooling strategies in these gardens, the Persian garden has unique features that distinguish it from the gardens of other nations. Climatic criteria in the three main systems of Persian garden design such as, water supply and irrigation, planting and building construction include the respect for the ecosystem and its protection, improving living conditions and optimizing energy consumption. Thus, the use of climatic design strategies in the architecture of natural and built elements of the Persian garden, in landscape and urban green spaces design can create environmental comfort. In order to achieve climatic principles and strategies in architecture and urban design, the present study tries to find the appropriate climatic strategies in landscape design by using the experiences of the Persian garden architecture in hot and arid desert regions to be able to adapt to the current needs of society and create pleasant environment.This paper concentrates to compare the characteristics of Dolatabad and Fin gardens that located in hot and arid desert cities of Yazd and Kashan with the climatic features of these areas. While studying the natural (water and plants) and built (pavilions) elements of these gardens and comparing them with each other, the effects of these patterns on the local climate are analyzed. The main purpose of the present paper is to apply climatic patterns in the design of gardens in hot and arid regions and the hypothesis of this research is as follows:"Climatic characteristics are the effective factors in the creation of Dolatabad and Fin gardens in hot and arid desert climate (BWhs)."The selected research method in this paper is descriptive-analytical, which according to the type of research, study and data collection are the combination of these two qualitative and quantitative methods. In the analysis and inference phase, it is qualitative and the hypothesis of this research is proved through the data of grounded theory retrieved from the data of selected gardens and analyzing them.Data are collected in two parts that included library studies and document analysis of Dolatabad and Fin gardens from the physical aspects. These gardens are selected by sampling method, which are analyzed based on compliance with climatic conditions that are the criteria for measurement in this study. Finally, the design principles of the selected gardens are compared and evaluated comparatively based on climate design strategies in qualitative and quantitative methods.In general, the research is carried out in five main steps as follows:-Climatic characteristics and objectives in hot and arid regions-Climatic strategies in garden design in hot and arid regions.- Criteria and process of sampling and selection of studied gardens- The compliance of selected gardens (Dolatabad and Fin) with climatic conditions of hot and arid desert areas (BWhs).- A Comparative study between selected gardens (Dolatabad and Fin) and climatic design approach in hot and arid desert areas.A comparative study of the characteristics of these gardens with the factors of the local climate and with each other with a climatic approach shows that the design principles of the gardens of Dolatabad and Fin are in accordance with the climatic conditions of hot and arid desert regions (BWhs). The similarities and differences of climates in local scale have led to similarities and differences between these two gardens. Manuscript profile
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  7 - Comparative study of Courtyard Spaces Patterns in Vernacular Architecture of Arid Climate (B) and Hot and Humid Climate (A) Case study :the cities: Yazd and Bushehr
  Meghedy khodabakhshian marjan saeednia
  10.30495/jisaud.2023.1970801.1022
  The concept of vernacular architecture for humans has always been subject to climatic conditions if health and comfort were of concern. For this purpose, it is necessary to assess the constitutive component thereof. One of the basic components of vernacular architecture More

  The concept of vernacular architecture for humans has always been subject to climatic conditions if health and comfort were of concern. For this purpose, it is necessary to assess the constitutive component thereof. One of the basic components of vernacular architecture is the open spaces or courtyards with different dimensions subject to the climatic conditions of the reign. The rational spatial orientation of these spaces determines the architectural nature of vernacular structures and highly contributes to the axiomatic aspect and the identity of such structures. The existing general patterns of these spaces are assessed in two, hot and humid, and arid climates in the two cities of Yazd, located in central, and Bushehr, located in the south-west regions of Iran. In each city, four structures of the Qajar era (1796-1925) constitute the subjects of this article. The subject structures belonged to the wealthy and elite, where the courtyard was located in the middle of summer and winter dwellings. The method adopted in this article is comparative-qualitative. An attempt is made to compare the findings of the subject structures through field observations and library documentation. The objective is to answer the following this question : " How is the climatic performance of the yard in two arid climate and hot and humid climates ? " . In general, the findings indicate that the shape and dimensions of each courtyard are proportionally subject to the geometry and physical characteristics of the entire structure. As to the proportion of the structure height, Vertical component to the dimensional horizental components of the courtyard in Bushehr, with an average depth-to-height ratio of Z at 1.24 is evident, indicating a standing position . Consequently, the airflow in the courtyard follows a circular pattern, something essential for this unique climate in providing natural vertical ventilation. This phenomenon is reversed in Yazd where the airflow follows a flat pattern, with an average depth-to-height ratio of Z at 0.51 is evident, something essential for this unique climate in providing natural horizontal ventilation. In both climates, the courtyard orientation is N-S to control temperature rise with an average of 16% and 29% of the entire structure area, respectively. It is found that in Yazd the existence of a water pond area with a 73 m2 average and a vegetation area at 56 m2 in the courtyard provide the required humidity for the area. The courtyards in Bushehr are covered with less vegetation with an average area of 5 m2, and the existence of a water pond there is an almost new phenomenon with an average area of 7 m2 because in the traditional architectural plans water pond non- existence. The courtyard area in Bushehr is square with an average of length to width ratio1.07 and smaller than the rectangular courtyards of Yazd with an average of length to width ratio1.43. Therefore, the yard has also had a climatic approach in both cities. The findings of such studies can contribute to the planning and construction of modern buildings with vernacular architecture if necessary. Manuscript profile