Whitefly

Open Access Article

1 - Effect of common pesticides on sweet potato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hem.: Aleyrodidae) in fall cucumber at Ahwaz
Mona Omidbakhsh Gholam reza Gesmi Farhan Kocheili

Bemisia tabaci Gennadiuswas introduced over one hundred years ago and has seriously damaged the farming and non-farming products in the tropical regions. Many biological factors including host widespread range, being multi-generations, high productive rate, ability to t More

Bemisia tabaci Gennadiuswas introduced over one hundred years ago and has seriously damaged the farming and non-farming products in the tropical regions. Many biological factors including host widespread range, being multi-generations, high productive rate, ability to transmission of the plant viruses and developing resistant to insecticides have been created many problems for managing this whitefly. In this research the effect of five insecticides .i.e. Pyriproxyfen, Imidaclopride, Pymetrozine, Fenpropathrin and Buprofezin on B.tabaci have been studied in order to determine the least most effective insecticide.  By using leaf sampling, three leaves were chosen from upper, middle and lower parts of three shrubs. Totally nine leaves were selected from each plot randomly and the mature insects of pest lodging under leaves were counted. In order to count nymphs and puparium, the leaf pests were separated from stems and counted under a Binocolar. Subsequently, the obtained data were statistically analyzed and grouped at levels of %1 and %5. The results showed that none of the 10 treatments has an acceptable impact on nymph and puparium population. However, in adult pest insects the treatments Pyriproxyfen (Ec 10%)  750 cc/ha, Imidaclopride (SC35%) 750 cc/ha, Pymetrozine (WG25%) 1 kg/ha, Pymetrozine (WG25%) 1.25 kg/ha have had far superior results compared to the control group. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Effect of Intercropping of Certain winter Crop Plants on the Population Levels of Jasmine Whitefly Aleuroclava jasmini (Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae) in Dezful's Citrus Orchards
Marziyeh Behmanesh far Bijan HATAMI Saeid BAGHERI

In recent years Jasmine whitefly Aleuroclava jasmini(Takahashi,1932), has caused severe damage to the citrus orchards of Khuzestan province. In order to evaluate the effect of intercropping on population of Jasmine whitefly, a field trial (T1) with six treatments includ More

In recent years Jasmine whitefly Aleuroclava jasmini(Takahashi,1932), has caused severe damage to the citrus orchards of Khuzestan province. In order to evaluate the effect of intercropping on population of Jasmine whitefly, a field trial (T1) with six treatments include four treatments intercropping of Broad beans (Vicia faba L.), Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), White clover (Trifolium repens L.) and Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), and two treatments control of without weeds (C1) and with weeds (C2) in an orchard of Valencia oranges in a completely randomized design with five replications was carried out from September 2013 until July 2014. Each plot consisted of 20 trees that five trees per plot (five repetitions) were selected and 12 leaf samples were taken randomly from each tree. The results showed that in six times sampling in spring, among intercropping treatments, the whitefly's egg and nymph population had significant differences in the levels of 0.05 and 0.01, respectively. The minimum egg population was in the treatments of C1=13.88±0/12( statistical group b), cucumbers 17.82±0/06( statistical group ab), and Broad beans 19.14±0/06( statistical group ab) which had significant differences with other treatments. The minimum nymph population was in the treatments of C1=6.5±0/07(statistical group d), Broad beans 9.21±0/08( statistical group c), and cucumber 10.13±0/07(statistical group bc) which had significant differences with other treatments. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Feeding potential and survival of predator, Chrysoperla carnea on greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporarium in laboratory conditions
Zinat Ahmadzadeh Bijan Hatami

Feeding potential and survival of predator, Chrysoperla carnea on nymphal population of greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporarium were studied in lab conditions. Daily consumption rate of larval different stages of green lacewing on pest nymphs was 16.04±1.74, More

Feeding potential and survival of predator, Chrysoperla carnea on nymphal population of greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporarium were studied in lab conditions. Daily consumption rate of larval different stages of green lacewing on pest nymphs was 16.04±1.74, 21.5±2.56 & 22.3±1.92 for 1st instar, 2nd instar and 3rd instarrespectively and  predator consumpted 215 different stsge nymphs of greenhouse whitefly totally. Survival percent reduced from egg(85%) to 3rd instar(4%) so that  not convert to pupariom stage anyone and died. So in spite of enough population of pest, the predator could not complete it, s development. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Sublethal effects of Epile, Abacmetin and Amida Chloroprid on the Lifespan of Different Biological Stages of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hem.:Aleyrodidae In laboratory conditions
علی Beheshti سهراب imani هادی zohdi سیاوش tirgary محمد abdigodarzi

Greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporarium) Westwood is one of the most important plant pests in Iran and the world. Due to the resistance of whiteflies to common insecticides and the harmful nature of these insecticides to the environment, new and safe compounds shou More

Greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporarium) Westwood is one of the most important plant pests in Iran and the world. Due to the resistance of whiteflies to common insecticides and the harmful nature of these insecticides to the environment, new and safe compounds should be sought to combat this pest. Epile's new insecticide with a new combination while controlling this pest is also less dangerous for the environment Based on the Bioassay results, LC30 is considered a lethal concentration. The LC30 levels for the insecticides Epile, Abamecetin and Omidochloroprid were 1.31, 0.00448 and 0.00868 mg/lit. The results showed that the application of sub-lethal concentration of the treatments by spraying reduces the length of egg hatching period for the insecticides of Epile, Abacmetin and Omidchloroprid by 11.33, 5.45 and 4.53%, respectively, compared to the control and Epile is less than the length of the egg-related insecticide period. Also, Epile insecticide increased the length of  the larva period by 5.13% and the pupa period by 0.62% compared to the control. Also, the lifespan of adult insects was reduced by 38.64%, and in general, it reduces the lifespan of whitefly. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Comparison toxicity of some botanical and chemical pesticides on greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) in laboratory and greenhouse and semi-field condition
A. Moazeni M. R. Bagheri B. Amiri-Besheli M. R. Shahsavari

The effect of three botanical insecticides (sirinol, palizin and tondexir) and one chemical insecticide (imidacloprid) on Trialeurodes vaporariorum has been investigated in laborarory and greenhouse conditions.The four insecticides were used with different doses of 0.5, More

The effect of three botanical insecticides (sirinol, palizin and tondexir) and one chemical insecticide (imidacloprid) on Trialeurodes vaporariorum has been investigated in laborarory and greenhouse conditions.The four insecticides were used with different doses of 0.5, 0.9, 1.8 and 3 ml/lit respectively. The leaf-dip assay for nymph and glass tube assay for adult were used. Also the effect of these insecticide on tomato plants in green house was studied. There were significant differences among used insecticides and interaction between doses and insecticides on all nymphal stages and adults of the greenhouse whitefly (GW). The mortality rate increases with increasing doses and decreases with increasing nymphal age. There were not significant differences among different doses of Imidicloprid  and Tondexir (3 ml/l) on the first, second and third instar nymph of GW in leaf-dip assay. The imidicloprid (3 ml/l) had the highest mortality on fourth instar nymph of GW and was categorized in separate group. Also in pot experiment the highest mortality in all of nymphal instars was for Imidicloprid 3 ml/l, however the tondexir 3ml/l had similar affect on second instar nymph. The highest mortality in adults (with no significant differences) occurred using Imidicloprid was obtained with Imidicloprid (3 ml/l), Tondexir (3 ml/l), Palizin (3 ml/l), Imidicloprid (1.8 ml/l) and Sirinol (3 ml/l) with 98.03, 96.07, 96.07, 96.07 and 94.11 % mortality respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Investigation on the effect of some botanical and chemical insecticides on the predatory bug Macrolophus caliginosus (Heteroptera:Miridae) the predator of greenhouse whitefly
A. Moazeni M. R. Bagheri B. Amiri-Besheli M. R. Shahsavari

One of the common methods for controlling of greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum in tomato greenhouses is use of chemical and botanical insecticides. To evaluate the effects of these insecticides on adult female of predatory bug Macrolophus caliginosus these r More

One of the common methods for controlling of greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum in tomato greenhouses is use of chemical and botanical insecticides. To evaluate the effects of these insecticides on adult female of predatory bug Macrolophus caliginosus these research  was carried out using botanical insecticides (Sirinol, Palizin and Tondexir) and chemical insecticide (Imidacloprid) in 0, 0.5, 0.9, 1/8 and 3 ml/l in three methods; glassy tubes in laboratory, pot and greenhouse experiments on tomato plant. There were significant differences between treatments, doses and interaction of doses and treatments. The mortality was increased with increasing the doses. 48 hours after  spraying, highest and the least mortality was caused by Imidichloprid (3 ml/l.) with 100% and Palizin (0.5 ml/l.) with 23.8 % mortality, respectively. In pot method, the highest mortality of predatory bug was caused by Imidichloprid (3, 1.8 ml/l.) with 97.23 and 94.34%, and the least mortality was caused by Palizin (0.5 and 0.9 ml/l.) with 20.17 and 21.14 %. Imidichloprid (3, 1.8 ml/l.) had the highest mortality with 94.46 and 92.66 % and Palizin (0.5 and 0.9 ml/l.) had the least mortality with 17.5 and 18 % on predatory bugs in greenhouse condition. In all three methods, there were significant difference between Imidichloprid (all doses) and the other botanical insecticides. These results show that the botanical insecticides could be used as natural products in IPM programs to protect the natural enemies. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The effect of plant distances on the Aleuroclava jasmini whitefly in the urban green area
Mahsa Samiee fard S. momen Beitollahi Sh. Maleki M. Tehranchi

Mulberry whitefly Aleuroclava jasmini sensu lato is the most important pest of trees in recent years in Tehran. Many plants have physiological and behavioral effects, such as repellency and deterioration of pests. Their effects were first evaluated with direct planting More

Mulberry whitefly Aleuroclava jasmini sensu lato is the most important pest of trees in recent years in Tehran. Many plants have physiological and behavioral effects, such as repellency and deterioration of pests. Their effects were first evaluated with direct planting of plants Rosmarinus officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia and Pelargonum hortorum, and the method of establishment of Mulberry whitefly on them. In this research, with the release of Mulberry whitefly in wooden cages under controlled conditions for three days, the number of adult and egg whitefly laying on the leaves of the plants listed in a completely randomized design with four replications was investigated. Based on the results, the level of pest deposition on the tested plants was lower than the control. Also no egg was observed on any of the treatments. Therefore, these plants, in addition to preventing the laying of pests, have a good repellency and deterrent effect and can be used as a control solution in urban green space. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Oviposition preference of Jasmine whitefly Aleuroclava jasmini on two olive varieties in Tehran city
Masoumeh Darvishi Neda Kheradpir

Jasmine whitefly Aleuroclava jasmini, is an economic serious pest with high level of yield damage in citrus orchards which is mainly controlled by chemical methods. Planting the resistant plants could be a very helpful replacement method for chemical control which neith More

Jasmine whitefly Aleuroclava jasmini, is an economic serious pest with high level of yield damage in citrus orchards which is mainly controlled by chemical methods. Planting the resistant plants could be a very helpful replacement method for chemical control which neither has the negative impact of the chemical control on environment, nor impacts on the other controlling methods. Olive trees belonging to Oleaceae and as a very important host for the whitefly species has been selected in this experiment. Oviposition rate of the female jasmine whiteflies were counted daily on two main olive varieties, Yellow and Manzanila, under 27±2 °c, RH=60±5% and photoperiod of 16L:8D. The results showed that higher oviposition rate on Manzanila proved that it would be a more suitable host for jasmine host. The obtained results would be applied in jasmine whitefly management programs in Tehran city.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - اثر عصاره های سنجد تلخ و اسفند بر طول دوران پورگی و پوپاریومی سفید ‏بالک گل خانهTrialeurodes vaporariorum) ‎‏)‏
مهسا دهقانی کمال احمدی

مقدمه و هدف: سفید بالک گل خانه Trialeurodes vaporariorum) &lrm;&rlm;) &lrm;، محصولات گل خانه ایی را مورد حمله قرار داده و به طور قابل ملاحظه ایی تولید را به شدت کاهش می &rlm;دهد. حشره کشهای مصنوعی کاربرد وسیعی دارند و استفاده فراوان از آنها تخریب محیط زیست، مق More

مقدمه و هدف: سفید بالک گل خانه Trialeurodes vaporariorum) &lrm;&rlm;) &lrm;، محصولات گل خانه ایی را مورد حمله قرار داده و به طور قابل ملاحظه ایی تولید را به شدت کاهش می &rlm;دهد. حشره کشهای مصنوعی کاربرد وسیعی دارند و استفاده فراوان از آنها تخریب محیط زیست، مقاومت آفات، &rlm;اثرات مضر بر موجودات غیر هدف و اثرات سمی روی مصرف کنندگان را در پی خواهد  داشت. از این رو استفاده از حشره کش های &rlm;طبیعی مشتق شده از گیاهان جایگزین مناسبی برای کنترل آفت می باشند. ترکیبات گیاهی در کاهش هزینه تولید، عدم &rlm;آلودگی محیط زیست و حفظ سلامتی نقش مهمی ایفا می کنند. به همین منظور، حشره کش های گیاهی به دلیل نحوه &rlm;اثرشان و کاربرد آسان گسترش یافته اند. در این تحقیق اثرات عصاره های متانولی زیتون تلخ (Melia azedarach L.) و اسفند (Peganum harmala L.) روی طول دوران &rlm;پورگی و پوپاریومی سفید بالک در آزمایشگاه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت&rlm;.روش تحقیق: در انجام هر دو آزمایش، قطعاتی از برگ لوبیا واجد پوره ها یا پوپاریوم های تازه تفریخ شده روی سطح آگار ژل در داخل &rlm;پتری هایی به قطر 5 سانتی متر قرار گرفتند. پوره ها و پوپاریوم ها به طور مجزا با غلظت 80 میلی گرم بر میلی لیتر عصاره &rlm;زیتون تلخ و اسفند تیمار شدند، در حالیکه در تیمار شاهد از آب مقطر استفاده شد. &rlm;نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد که هر دو عصاره گیاهی به طور معنی داری طول دوران پورگی را در مقایسه با شاهد افزایش می دهند. &rlm;در حالیکه طول دوران پوپاریومی در دو تیمار شاهد و عصاره گیاهی هیچ اختلاف معنی داری نداشتند. &rlm;دو عصاره مورد بررسی با تأثیر روی طول دوران پورگی می توانند جمعیت این آفت را کنترل کنند. چنین ترکیباتی باعث &rlm;به تعویق انداختن بلوغ در حشره می شوند. همچنین به عنوان ابزاری روی بیولوژی آفت موثر بوده و پتانسیل لازم را &rlm;در کنترل آفات به عنوان جایگزین سموم شیمیایی خواهد داشت.توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: با توجه به نتایج حاصل می توان عصاره متانولی زیتون تلخ و اسفند را به عنوان یک جایگزین برای سموم رایج مصنوعی علیه آفت مذکور معرفی کرد. البته لازم به توجه است که جهت استفاده از این ترکیبات گیاهی و فرموله کردن آن ها نیاز به بررسی های علمی بیش تری در سطوح بیوشیمیایی و تکنیکی میباشد. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - جدول زیستی کنه شکارگر Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) روی Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) ، Carpoglyphus lactis Linnaeus (Acari: Carpoglyphidae) و Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
اصغر حسینی نیا محمد خانجانی مهدیه اسدی جلال سلطانی

کنه شکارگر  Amblyseius swirskiiیکی از رایجترین عوامل کنترل بیولوژیک روی کنههای مختلف، حشرات آفت از جمله کنه تارتن دونقطهای و سفید بالک میباشد. برای ارزیابی نقش بالقوه این عامل کنترل بیولوژیک، در این مطالعه جدول زیستی کنه A. swirskii روی تخم More

کنه شکارگر  Amblyseius swirskiiیکی از رایجترین عوامل کنترل بیولوژیک روی کنههای مختلف، حشرات آفت از جمله کنه تارتن دونقطهای و سفید بالک میباشد. برای ارزیابی نقش بالقوه این عامل کنترل بیولوژیک، در این مطالعه جدول زیستی کنه A. swirskii روی تخمهای کنه T. urticae ، کنه  C. lactisو سفید بالک گلخانه T. vaporariorum در شرایط آزمایشگاهی (25 ± 1°C, 70 ± 5% RH and 16 L: 8D) بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد این کنه شکارگر قادر به تغذیه و تکمیل کردن رشد و نمو خود روی سه گونه یاد شده میباشد. این شکارگر دارای ظرفیت بالای رشد جمعیت خود هنگام تغذیه از کنه تارتن و کنه میوه خشک میباشد. بنابراین اثر کنترلی روی این آفات در باغ و گلخانه وجود دارد. در تغذیه از سفید بالک  T. vaporariorum از آن دو گونه دیگر دارای رشد و نموضعیفتری است و بهطور معنیداری زمان قبل از تخمگذاری و مدت زمان طول یک نسل آن افزایش و دوره تخمگذاری و زادآوری آن کاهش یافت. بهعلاوه پارامترهای جدول زندگیاین شکارگرازجمله r، λ وR0 هنگام تغذیه از تخم سفیدبالک بهطور معنیداری کاهش یافت. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که کنه شکارگر دارای توانایی بالایی بهعنوان یک عامل کنترل بیولوژیکی موثر برای T. urticae ، C. lactis و تاثیر قابلتوجهی در کنترل بیولوژیک T. vaporariorum نیز دارا میباشد. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Assessing the Impact of Ovulation Inhibition in Fumaria parviflora Lam and Teucrium polium on Bemisia tabaci Genn
معصومه ثمره فکری

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the extract of Fumaria parviflora Lam. and Teucrium polium Linn. on repelling and inhibiting the spawning of white cotton boll Bemisia tabaci Genn. Methods: In this study, the extract of Fumaria pa More

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the extract of Fumaria parviflora Lam. and Teucrium polium Linn. on repelling and inhibiting the spawning of white cotton boll Bemisia tabaci Genn. Methods: In this study, the extract of Fumaria parviflora Lam. and Teucrium polium Linn. was obtained and tested for its repellent and inhibitory properties against white cotton boll Bemisia tabaci Genn. The extract was applied to cotton bolls and the behavior of Bemisia tabaci Genn. was observed and recorded. Results: The results of this study showed that the extract of Fumaria parviflora Lam. and Teucrium polium Linn. exhibited significant repellent properties against white cotton boll Bemisia tabaci Genn. The extract effectively repelled the insects, reducing their presence on the cotton bolls. Additionally, the extract demonstrated inhibitory effects on the spawning of Bemisia tabaci Genn., reducing the number of eggs laid on the cotton bolls. Conclusions: This study provides valuable insights into the potential use of the extract of Fumaria parviflora Lam. and Teucrium polium Linn. as a natural repellent and inhibitor for controlling white cotton boll Bemisia tabaci Genn. infestations. The findings contribute to the development of environmentally friendly and sustainable pest management strategies in cotton cultivation. Manuscript profile

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