-
Open Access Article
1 - Environmental education effect on fish farmers’ attitude and behavior to decrease rainbow trout farm’s wastewater pollution
mohammad reza farzaneh maryam larijani mohammad rezvaniAquaculture and environment have considerable interaction impacts on each other. In this study, the effect of education on environmental attitudes and behavior of trout farmers were investigated. The experiment was applicable using a researcher-made questionnaires and e MoreAquaculture and environment have considerable interaction impacts on each other. In this study, the effect of education on environmental attitudes and behavior of trout farmers were investigated. The experiment was applicable using a researcher-made questionnaires and environmental training package. The validity of questionnaire was confirmed by the university professors and researchers of Fisheries Organization. Reliability of the Questionnaire with 15 tests showed Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.84. The statistical population was included 150 farmers with monoculture farms that their farms’ effluent had been discharged to surface water. The sample consisted of 63 persons in two control and experimental groups. The results showed inappropriate attitude of respondents before offering environmental training package (About 34% correct answers), while their acquaintance was significantly changed after presentation of the training package (p<0.05). Besides, 79% of respondents are not used any wastewater refining methods. However, training package could change behaviors in the experimental group and they announced readiness to wastewater treatment with low-cost procedures. No significant correlation was observed between age, education and aquaculture acquaintance with environmental behavior and attitudes. The results of present study showed that education had an important role in the environmental behavior of coldwater fish farmers, especially to prevent the pollution caused by farms’ waste water. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Evaluation the wastewater treatment location of Bojnord city and selecting the right location
atefeh sedaghati حمید طالب خواهStudy aim is evaluating of Bojnord wastewater treatment location based on indicators in locating the wastewater treatment. 15 information layer contain 8 indicators affecting the location and 7 right privacy Is processing in GIS software. To identify the weight of each MoreStudy aim is evaluating of Bojnord wastewater treatment location based on indicators in locating the wastewater treatment. 15 information layer contain 8 indicators affecting the location and 7 right privacy Is processing in GIS software. To identify the weight of each index, the questionnaire was distributed between 25 experts of related sciences. Then, using AHP hierarchical decision making final weight of each indicator was calculated. In final step of combining weights and information layer in GIS software and remove areas with restrictions, Bojnord wastewater treatment location was evaluated. "Slop" and "the height difference to the city" variables by the final weight of approximately 0/20 and 0/21, have the greatest impact on the refinery location. Also, wastewater treatment current location, based on the principles and indicators, is located in unsuitable zone. In conclusion, the 3 proposed options with regard to the established criteria and restrictions, for the Bojnord wastewater treatment location, with the help of SAW model, related to the MADM methods collection, were studied that alternative number1, by placing in petrology area of arjelity argillaceous with shale interlayers, contains ammonites, akinopad and numerous orbitolina, in terms of status of most of indicators and privacy, were identified better than other options. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Fuzzy Network DEA Model for Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants
Mahboubeh Sadeghpour Mohammad Fallah -
Open Access Article
4 - Batch and Continuous Removal of Pb (Ⅱ) By Sonochemically Treated Phanerocate Chrysosporium From Aqueous Solutions: Kinetics and Thermodynamics
Z. Kaveh S. Askari G. Ghaffari Asl R. Marandi -
Open Access Article
5 - Evaluation of Effective Parameters in Organic Matters Removal Efficiency of Anaerobic Baffled Reactor Employing Electrolysis Process
Gagik Badalians Gholikandi Behnam Inanloo Beklar Maryam AmouamouhaBackground and Objective: Following the results of the electrolysis process application to upgrade the anaerobic baffled reactor for treating wastewater, the present study was conducted to evaluate the EABR performance efficiency, considering hydraulic retention time (H MoreBackground and Objective: Following the results of the electrolysis process application to upgrade the anaerobic baffled reactor for treating wastewater, the present study was conducted to evaluate the EABR performance efficiency, considering hydraulic retention time (HRT), current density and organic loading. Methods: In this study, a semi-industrial pilot of ABR with total volume of 72 L was studied before and after integration with an electrolysis system. The performance of the reactor was evaluated in terms of COD removal and bacterial adaption time. Findings: The findings revealed that a HRT reduction from 45 to 38 and 29 hours results in a decrease of COD removal efficiency from 77.6 to 74.9 and 72.2 % respectively. Also, a current density reduction from 3 to 2, 1, and 0.5 Mill ampere/cm2 results in a decreasing COD removal efficiency from 77.6 to 73.5, 71.2, and 70 % respectively. Moreover, an increasing organic loading from 700 to 2400 mg/L enhanced the COD removal efficiency from 77.6 to 90.2 %. Result and Discussion: The results showed that by increasing organic loading from 700 to 1000, 1500, 2000, and 2400 mg/L the necessary HRT for achieving operation stability increases from 3 to 8 days, which is less than in conventional ABR. Therefore, employing electrolysis process is a sustainable method for improving ABR performance efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Reuse of Varamin Vegetable Oils Industry Wastewater by Using IFAS Method
Ghazaleh Monazami Tehrani Hasti Borgheipour Alireza NezampourBackground and Objective: Iran is located in the arid and semi-arid region of the world and water supply is a major and future challenge. Therefore, proper wastewater treatment is one of the most important solutions to the water scarcity problem. The main purpose of the MoreBackground and Objective: Iran is located in the arid and semi-arid region of the world and water supply is a major and future challenge. Therefore, proper wastewater treatment is one of the most important solutions to the water scarcity problem. The main purpose of the present research is the wastewater reuse of varamin vegetable oil plant with the approach of industrial and agricultural production. Methods: In this regard, in order to treat the wastewater of the study plant, the necessary measures were taken to design the IFAS laboratory pilot and the effluent was injected into the pilot at different residual times to evaluate the purification ability of the proposed process. Important parameters for reuse in industry as well as important parameters in the standard of discharge to the environment and irrigation were analyzed. Findings: The results show that organic matter and nutrients play the most important role in pollution. Pilot effluent specifications in the factory raw wastewater treatment did not meet the required standard for any of the 4 industrial use groups, while the pilot effluent specifications in the factory effluent treatment had the required standard for the third and fourth groups. Discussion and Conclusion: Considering the purpose of this research and the approach of wastewater usage in industrial, agricultural and irrigation life, it can be stated that IFAS method or combining two methods of IFAS and collagenization due to efficient efficiency and low cost and high flexibility against hydraulic shock and Organic is an appropriate option for treating the sewage plant of varamin vegetable oil factory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Isolation and Identification of Phenol Degrading Bacteria from Oil Refinery Effluents
Ramazan Ali Dianati Tilaki Morteza Ghalenoei Masoumeh Eslami farBackground and Objective:Phenol and its derivatives are toxic to all living organism and are found in oil refinery wastewater. Isolation and identification of bacteria from oil refinery wastewater is important to identify aromatic compounds degrading bacteria. The aims MoreBackground and Objective:Phenol and its derivatives are toxic to all living organism and are found in oil refinery wastewater. Isolation and identification of bacteria from oil refinery wastewater is important to identify aromatic compounds degrading bacteria. The aims of this study were isolation and identification of bacteria from Tehran oil refinery wastewater treatment system and determine amount of phenol degradation by these bacteria. Method: This experimental study was conducted by using two series of activated sludge samples collected from Tehran oil refinery wastewater treatment plant. Adaptation of bacteria to phenol was done by culturing in growth medium containing phenol at 30°C in incubator. After that isolation and identification of bacteria was done according to standard method. Isolated bacteria were cultured in growth medium containing different concentration (0.5- 1.2gL-1) of Phenol. Bacteria growth was assayed by measuring optical density at 600nm. Concentration of Phenol in the medium growth solution was measured by spectrophotometric method using 4- Amino antipyrine as color reagent at 510 nm. Findings: Pseudomonas, Acintobacter, E.coli, Enterococcus and Enterobacter spps were isolated from oil wastewater treatment plant. Pseudomonas spp. completely removed 0.9gL-1 of Phenol, Acintobacter and E.coli removed 0.7 gL-1, Enterococcus and Enterobacter removed 0.5 gL-1 of Phenol from growth solution. Discussion and conculation: Pseudomonas spp. isolated from oil refinery wastewater treatment plant has highest phenol removal rate in shorter contact time than other isolated bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Evaluation of efficiency and optimization of Photo- Fenton process parameters in beet sugar wastewater treatment using response surface methodology (RSM)
Abbas Alipour Hajiagha Mojgan Zaeimdar Seyed Ali Jozi nooshin sajadi Arezoo GhadiBackground & Objective: The wastewater obtained from sugar production cannot be naturally degraded due to the presence of various color precursors, colored impurities, lime carbonation sludge and other organic impurities. In this study, optimization of the effective MoreBackground & Objective: The wastewater obtained from sugar production cannot be naturally degraded due to the presence of various color precursors, colored impurities, lime carbonation sludge and other organic impurities. In this study, optimization of the effective parameters for the sugar industry wastewater treatment is investigated using photo- Fenton process and response surface methodology.Material and Methodology: This empirical research was conducted on a laboratory scale on refined wastewater obtained from sugar beet factory (Qazvin, Iran), in ternms of the intensity of contamination, considering the reduction of the three factors including COD, phenolic, and color content using the advanced oxidation process (photo- Fenton process). In order to optimize the ocndions for wastewater treatment, the results of these experiments wre ultimately optimized by response surface methodology.Findings: The results obtained that the optimal condition for color and phenolic removal were: pH of 6.1' reaction time 15 minutes' Fenton's reagent (Fe2+/H2O2) concentrations: 20/1500 of ppm. Under these conditions, the color and phenolic reduction were achieved 73.92% and 93.9%, respectively.Discussion & Conclusions: The photo- Fenton process has a good efficacy in treating the sugar industry wastewater in the removal of important pollution parameters such as color impurities, phenolic compounds, and COD.Also, the statistical results showed that the pH parameter, Fenton's reagent concentration and contact time were significant during treatment process (p<0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Wastewater Treatment of Oil Refineries by Using of UV-Assisted Fenton Process
Hadi Shayegh Hamid Kazemi Esfe Hossein HosseiniBackground and Objective: The removal of heavy hydrocarbons and biological wastewater is generally difficult. Finding a suitable way to eliminate or reduce these factors is one of the goals of this research.Materials and Methodology: Although there are special processes MoreBackground and Objective: The removal of heavy hydrocarbons and biological wastewater is generally difficult. Finding a suitable way to eliminate or reduce these factors is one of the goals of this research.Materials and Methodology: Although there are special processes for removing or reducing the hydrocarbon and biological load of water, but in industrial wastewater containing hydrocarbon, the evaluation of advanced oxidation processes can reduce not only the burden of the wastewater but also reduce the Biological bad effects. Therefore, in the present study, an experimental study of COD, BOD and O & G reduction using Fenton reaction with ultra-violet irridiation has been investigated.Results: A sample of industrial waste from one of the refineries was prepared. According to the results, the optimal conditions for COD removal was observed as follow: irradiation time 30 minutes, pH=3, temperature=35°C, water content=85 ml of oxygen dissolved in water than 250 ml of wastewater and COD removal was observed up to 45.44%. The optimal conditions for removing O&G were: 23 min, pH=3, temperature 35°C, dissolved oxygen content of 85 ml, compared to 250 ml of wastewater. Also O&G was eliminated to 89.8%. The optimal conditions for removing BOD were: the irradiation time is 20 minutes, pH=4, the temperature is 25°C, the soluble oxygen content is 65 ml, compared to 250 ml of the wastewater and the removal of BOD was observed to be 49.82%.Discussion and Conclusion: Laboratory study of COD, BOD and O&G reduction in wastewater was investigated by using Fenton reaction with ultraviolet irridiation. It was found that the Fenton method with ultraviolet irridiation is a suitable method for the removal or reduction of COD, BOD and O&G in refinery wastewater. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Environmental and Sanitary Risk Assessment of the waste water treatment plant in west of Ahwaz Using AHP and TOPSIS methods
hamidreza pourkhabbaz azin azizi saeide javanmardi Ali Reza PourkhabbazBackground and Objective: Employed workers in wastewater treatment plants are always exposed to threats of risk factors in the workplace such as harmful physical, chemical and biological factors. Therefore, the present study assesses the safety, health and environmental MoreBackground and Objective: Employed workers in wastewater treatment plants are always exposed to threats of risk factors in the workplace such as harmful physical, chemical and biological factors. Therefore, the present study assesses the safety, health and environmental risks in the wastewater treatment plant in west of Ahwaz city to investigate these risks and provide the necessary solutions. Material and Methodology: After the field visits, interviews to experts and staffs of treatment plant and internet researches (2018), a list of the most important risks was identified and given to the experts and staffs. In order to analyze and prioritize the risks, it was used from AHP and TOPSIS, which are multi-criteria decision-making methods (MCDM) and as well as the entropy technique to calculate the weight of the indicators. In Continuation to prioritizing strategies of factors, in order to removing the conflict between TOPSIS and AHP results, it was used the ranks mean.Findings: According to the results of AHP and TOPSIS, the most important safety and environmental risks that were identified, are impact to rotating parts of systems, entry of toxic materials and impermissible industrial wastewater and the dispersion of biogas from sludge digestion reservoirs. Also, according to the results of the ranks mean method, among the safety and health risks, it was Assigned impact to rotating parts of systems to score 1/5 the first priority, the electric shock and the dispersion of bad gas from wastewater to score of 3 and 3/5 were the second and third priority respectively. Among the environmental risks, it was Assigned entry of toxic materials and impermissible industrial waste water, the dispersion of biogas from sludge digestion reservoirs to score of 2 first priority, fire and explosion score of 3 second priority and fluctuations of waste wate discharge score of 3/5 the third priority.Disscotion & Conclusion: Given that the performance of wastewater treatment plants is a function of various human, natural, equipment and functional factors at the exploitation stage, therefore, management of these factors will help to improve the process of exploitation. In the present study, one of the most important management actions to reduce the level of risks identified, can pointed to apply of work safety guidelines, establishing of facilities and necessary equipment to burn additional gases and prevent their dangerous accumulation in the treatment plant environment, perform pre- treatment of industrial wastewater and continuous monitoring of effluent wastes to match with environmental standards. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Study of treatment of simulated electroplating wastewater containing heavy-metal Nickel by forward osmosis
Esmaeil Koohestanian mohammad nematzadehBackground and Objective: One of the most hazardous industrial wastewater is electroplating industry wastewater. Nowadays, the forward osmosis (FO) process with potential capabilities has been considered by many researchers for its various membrane applications. Hence, MoreBackground and Objective: One of the most hazardous industrial wastewater is electroplating industry wastewater. Nowadays, the forward osmosis (FO) process with potential capabilities has been considered by many researchers for its various membrane applications. Hence, in the present study, for the treatment of simulated electroplating wastewater containing heavy-metal Nickel, has been investigated the FO process. Furthermore, the influence of process variables such as temperature, osmotic pressure and feed concentration have been evaluated on the performance of the FO process for water flux and Nickel rejection efficiency.Material and Methodology: In order to analyze the data and to reduce the cost of conducting the test and saving time, to design of experiment and analyze the data have been used the Minitab software and the Taguchi method.Finding: The results of the experiments showed that the forward osmosis process has the ability to produce water flux and even remove heavy metal Nickel to over 98% in different operating conditions.Discussion & Conclusion: The increase of the osmotic pressure and feed solution concentration increased and reduced the water flux and Nickel rejection, respectively, but with increasing temperature, the amount of water flux increased and the amount of nickel removal was reduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Study of the Environmental Effects of Wastewater Treatment Plant of Yazd using the ENTROPY Method
Farshid Saee Sahar Rezaian Razieh RahimiBackground and Objective: This research studies the environmental factors that may be influenced, considering the nature of the project and the way the various stages of utilization exert their influence, and the environmental resources that may be affected by the execu MoreBackground and Objective: This research studies the environmental factors that may be influenced, considering the nature of the project and the way the various stages of utilization exert their influence, and the environmental resources that may be affected by the execution of the different stages of the project. Environmental influences are various changes caused by different activities in the physical, chemical, biological, cultural, economic, and social environments, with each project having different temporal and spatial effects. That is, the consequences and effects resulting from the different stages of construction, utilization, and post-utilization of projects are different.Material and Methodology: The environmental factors considered to study the environmental effects of the wastewater treatment plant in Yazd included the physico-chemical, biological, economic, and social environments. In each of the cases mentioned above, many different parameters are selected, depending on the features of the project, to serve as indices. These indices are used as criteria for comparison of options. In environmental studies of projects, the types of effects are differentiated and employed in environmental analyses. Findings: Considering the decision-making matrix, which included 10 options, and the results obtained from the ENTROPY method, the experts selected the main indices that were the criteriaof the project. Index number 4 (water quality), index number 1 (soil quality), and index number 7 (sanitation and safety), with relative importance weights of 0.192, 0.179, and 0.152, were ranked first to third, respectively.Discussion and Conclusion: It is very necessary to control, monitor and supervise the operation and maintenance issues of a sewage treatment plant in order to produce a standard quality effluent and increase it’s efficiency during the operation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The Investigation of Heavy Metal Content and Their Chemical Forms in Tehran Sewage Sludge for Agricultural Application
Sumayyah Naji Rad Akbar Ghavidel Hossein Ali Alikhani Ali Ashraf Soltnai ToolaroodBackground and Objective: Among sewage sludge disposal options, land application is more preferred because of economic benefits and decreasing fertilizer cost for farmers. However, if sludge has excess amount of heavy metals and microbial infections, land application ma MoreBackground and Objective: Among sewage sludge disposal options, land application is more preferred because of economic benefits and decreasing fertilizer cost for farmers. However, if sludge has excess amount of heavy metals and microbial infections, land application may lead to soil and environmental pollution. Method: In this research, the amount of total, DTPA-extractable and soluble forms of Fe, Zn, Pb, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn and Ni and population of coliform bacteria were determined in the sludge samples of three different sewage sludge treatment plants including Shahrak-e-Gharb, Ekbatan and Shoush and the results were compared to the world pollution limit standards of these metals and the coliform population. Findings: Results showed that 0.01% of all metals accumulatively in sewage sludge were in soluble form, 1.32% in DTPA-extractable form and 98.67% in other forms, which are unavailable. Shoush sludge had largest amount of sum of eight metals (39.73 gr/kg dry sludge), Ekbatan sludge (28.42 gr/kg dry sludge) and Shahrak-e-Gharb sludge (22.95 gr/kg dry sludge) were the second and third in the rank, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: Because of high amounts of Zn and Cu in the sludge samples in compare to the standards, the samples from all the treatment plants did not categorized as the exceptional quality which can be used in agriculture. A comparison between the coliform population and the standards showed that in this regard, sludge samples were in B quality and there would be limitations in their land application. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Microbial fuel cell: a strategy for bioremediation and energy production
Mehran Jafari Samaneh Sedighi KhavidakBackground and Objective: Application of microbial fuel cells (MFC) is a new method for wastewater treatment and environmentally friendly energy production. This technology converts the chemical energy derived from metabolic activity of living organisms into electrical MoreBackground and Objective: Application of microbial fuel cells (MFC) is a new method for wastewater treatment and environmentally friendly energy production. This technology converts the chemical energy derived from metabolic activity of living organisms into electrical energy. Method: A sample of raw wastewater was prepared as a source of microbial fuel cell substrate from the refinery of Yazd city. This study was carried out using a two-compartment bioreactor with wastewater as substrate and microbial flora. The containers were made of glass with a volume of 550 cc. In the anode chamber, under the anaerobic conditions, the wastewater was catalyzed by microbial flora. In the cathode chamber, potassium phosphate buffer was used to maintain the pH of the solution. The positive ions transferring from anode to cathode was done by positive salt bridge system. Findings: The findings showed that the maximum voltage of 1 V was produced during the early days in this reactor. Then gradually the amount of voltage was reduced and wastewater samples were refined to some extent. The highest rate of produced flow was 248 μA, and then the flow rate was decreased. Therefore, the dual role of the reactor in electricity production and wastewater treatment can be explained. Discussion and Conclusion: In this study, wastewater treatment and also electricity production could be performed using a microbial fuel cell based on salt bridge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Investigation on Quality and Quantity of Food industrial Wastewaters and Its Effect on the Wastewater System Operation (case study: Minoo industrial company- Khorramdarreh
Amir Hossein Javid Amir Hesam Hassani Somaye GahvarebandAbstractBackground: This research was done on wastewater in Minoo industrial Co. to existing concernsabout the quality and quantity of wastewater industries and its effects on human and environment aswell as existence of different contaminant in this kind of wastewater MoreAbstractBackground: This research was done on wastewater in Minoo industrial Co. to existing concernsabout the quality and quantity of wastewater industries and its effects on human and environment aswell as existence of different contaminant in this kind of wastewater system and lack of informationabout the parameters status and its influence on wastewater system operation.Materials &Methods: For determination of wastewater quality, we took samples from 18 stations ofdifferent wastewater treatment plant and production points during 10 times. The pH, Temperature, Oil& Grease BOD5, COD, TSS about all stations have been determined. The measurement of effluent inentrance point of wastewater treatment plant was done using an installed flow meter. Finally, therelationship between results at different months and stations was done using ANOVA and correlationvariance test in SPSS software.Results : According to the results influent discharge varied in range of 100-150 m3/day, pH, TSS,BOD, COD, Oil & Grease at different stations varied in range of 3.95-10.96, 0-1637.7, 1.9-59674, 6-99600, 0 -1008 mg/l respectively. The removal efficiency of COD, BOD, TSS, Oil & Grease inwastewater treatment plant varied in ranges of 94-99.7%, 99-99.8%,89-98.5%,92.7-100%,respectively.Conclusion: This study shows that changing of seasons , time, type and amount of waste waterproduction effect on pollution and calculation of the BOD5/COD ratio at influent discharge depictedthat by using this type of biological wastewater treatment system is selected properly and can change10-15% used water in factory to the wastewater Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The effect of "Hydrogen peroxide- Silver ion Complex" on fecal coliform content in aerated lagoon Effluent
Mohammad Khazaei Ramin Nabizadeh Kazem Naddafi Hasan Izanlou Zeinab Yavari Mehdi AsadiAn appropriate disinfectant in water and wastewater applications must have acceptable effect on different kind of micro-organisms especially in minor concentrations which should contain ignorable toxicity on human and animals and its environmental side effects must be v MoreAn appropriate disinfectant in water and wastewater applications must have acceptable effect on different kind of micro-organisms especially in minor concentrations which should contain ignorable toxicity on human and animals and its environmental side effects must be very low. Studies related to finding non-chlorinated disinfectants which have same effects of chlorine and not contain its adverse by-products are continued in recent years. Hydrogen peroxide solution with stabilized formulation and oligo-dynamic amounts of silver ion (trade mark: Nanosil) recently become a popular disinfectant for fruits، vegetables، surfaces، medical instruments and disinfections. This study was based on determining removal efficiency of fecal coliforms from samples taken from Qom wastewater treatment plant effluents after exposing with hydrogen peroxide-silver ion complex. Disinfectant efficiency was studied in six concentrations. Contact time for all concentrations was one hour. Sample size was 12 and sampling was daily. Results reveal that in concentration; 80mg/l، disinfectant achieves 2.1 logarithmic removals of fecal coliforms. In concentration; 480mg/l، fecal coliforms logarithmic removal was 5.3. In CT value 5800(mg/l). Min and more، the fecal coliforms effluent standard for surface water discharge and agriculture irrigation was achieved (Iranian environmental protection agency act). Use of hydrogen peroxide-silver ion complex as a water and wastewater disinfectant، has various benefits such as; don't remain hazardous by products، measurable residual amount an but because of its oxidation nature when contact the organic materials in wastewater and microbial harboring in suspended solids content of effluent، its application in wastewater effluent is more costly than other usual disinfectants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Treatement of the Wastewater from E-PVC Unit in a Petrochemical Company Using Electrocoagulation Method
Hossein Hosseini Ali-Akabr Azemati Mohammad Reza Mousavinia Background and Objective: Electrocoagulation is an electrochemical process which is proven to be effective in water and wastewater treatment. In this research study, electrocoagulation method which was based on electron exchange, flocculation and flotation was us More Background and Objective: Electrocoagulation is an electrochemical process which is proven to be effective in water and wastewater treatment. In this research study, electrocoagulation method which was based on electron exchange, flocculation and flotation was used for the treatement of wastewater vrom E-PVC unit in Arvand Petrochemical Company. Method: Most of the contaminants from this unit contain suspended solids, dissolved solids and chemical oxygen. In this study, the batch and continuous units of electrocoagulation process were built. The experimental design was carried out by Design Expert 7 software. Findings: Results of the analysis show that density of flow, number of electrodes and PH are the most important parameters. Time and distance between electrodes are less effective than the original parameters listed. In addition, the increased or decreased effect on efficiency of the surface response is evaluated. Results showed that electrocoagulation process could conveniently remove major pollutants from the E-PVC unit. Discussion and Conclusion: The experimental analysis of the wastewater from the E-PVC unit indicate the proper operation of the electrical coagulation process. These results indicate that the electrical coagulation process can easily remove significant pollutants from the wastewater. The function of this process can be expressed as TSS removal: 84-95%, TDS: 51-80%, COD: 80-92%, OD: 80-95%, and TN and TP over 80%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Waste Reduction in Aluminuim Anodizing Industries
Mostafa Khezri Farideh Atabi Mehdi Borghei Fatemeh AkbariThe Aluminium Industries are one of the greatest consumers of water in anodizing unit and also discharge large volumes of wastewater to the environment. Due to the different pH of the materials used in the industry the wastewater produced includes a wide range of pH. Th MoreThe Aluminium Industries are one of the greatest consumers of water in anodizing unit and also discharge large volumes of wastewater to the environment. Due to the different pH of the materials used in the industry the wastewater produced includes a wide range of pH. The purpose of control and minimization of wastes is to reduce pollution loads and wastewater during the process by using different techniques. In order to decrease, more or less, the difficulties of industrial wastewater treatment plants. Basically, waste minimizing programs are complicated and included management responsibility, definition of main targets and economic and technical assessment, accomplishment of programs and permanent assessment. In this study, the aluminium industry’s anodizing section was studied and by recognizing the production line of mentioned unit saloon, general processes were drawn. Main processes include several units such as: grease removal, etching, neutralizing, anodize unit, presealing and sealing operations, color units, and washing. These were drawn after each process. For this reason, wastewater produced by each process had special features. After gathering the necessary information, different ways were suggested to decrease consuming materials and to minimize wastes. Using two-way crane instead of one-way ones, and transferring profiles vertically. Installing electronic taps and sensors in bathtubs instead of manual ones, to prevent discharge. Changing the starting hours of work and using much more of daylight in order to decrease the consumption of electricity. According to the test results on using different coagulants, using 80 mg/lit of Alum as coagulant materials in wastewater treatment plant is suggested, which decrease the produced sludges by about 30% compared to the present amount. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Eco-technical and environmental evaluation of Electroplating industries wastewater treatment applying AHP
Mohammad Reza Dabaghian Sayed Hossein HashemiIn this research, a systematic approach for selecting the best alternative for the wastewater treatment of electroplating plants is introduced. AHP is one of the systematic approaches applied in complicated multi-criterion decision-making to obtain scientific and reason MoreIn this research, a systematic approach for selecting the best alternative for the wastewater treatment of electroplating plants is introduced. AHP is one of the systematic approaches applied in complicated multi-criterion decision-making to obtain scientific and reasonable results. In this study, four wastewater treatment approaches (Chemical Precipitation, Reverse Osmosis, Ion Exchange, Nano Filtration) were evaluated and compared with one another based on three major parameters, that is, economic, technical and environment-social criteria, each of which including the dimensions of the required land, cost of construction and installation, repair and maintenance, sludge disposal cost, achievement of standards, etc. The results revealed that the Reverse Osmosis (RO) was the optimal choice for the wastewater treatment of electroplating plants Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Performing Sensitivity Analysis of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Process Using AHP
Mahnaz Hosseinzadeh Kalkhoran Shahnaz Hosseinzadeh Ebrahim FataeiBackground and Objective: One of the main issues before the design and construction of any wastewater treatment plant is the selection of the optimal wastewater treatment process, since the wrong choice can have considerable effect in increasing expense, and also led to MoreBackground and Objective: One of the main issues before the design and construction of any wastewater treatment plant is the selection of the optimal wastewater treatment process, since the wrong choice can have considerable effect in increasing expense, and also led to unattainable and undesired result. Method: The current study used the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model to determine the effective criteria in the selection of the appropriate wastewater treatment process, are developing in cities such as Ardebil, Tabriz, and Uremia in order to prioritize and choose the most appropriate treatment process. In such cities the treatment process involved: Aerated Lagoon, Activated sludge, and Biolak. Based on the technical, economic and environmental criteria and related sub-criteria, the processes are weighted through pair wise comparison and the results obtained are assessed using the Expert Choice software. Findings: Finally, Biolak was selected as the optimal process and Activated Sludge and Aerated Lagoon were respectively placed in the next priorities. Sensitivity Analysis is performed on the major factors to investigate the sensitivity of the alternatives in order to apply changes in the priorities of the criteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Analysis of Moringa Oliefera Seed Powder Reaction in Treatment Wastewater Comparing with Aluminum Sulphate and PAC Reaction
Vahid Yazdani Hossein Banejad Alireza RahmaniAbstract Background and Objective: Due to the fact that in arid and semiarid areas, access to high quality water resources my have limitation, using purified wastewater for irrigation plays an important role. Although wastewater are so little comparing with needed irri MoreAbstract Background and Objective: Due to the fact that in arid and semiarid areas, access to high quality water resources my have limitation, using purified wastewater for irrigation plays an important role. Although wastewater are so little comparing with needed irrigation water but using this much water can cause that we use higher quality waters for better consumption. This research has been alone in laboratory and there has been utilized the jar test set. Method: In this research has been attempted to analyze, the effects of moringa seed powders (Oliefera species) in comparison with Alum and Poly Aluminum Chloride (PAC) in wastewater treatment. For performing the experiments, we utilized urban wastewaters with mediun density. Efficiency of each coagulant was assessed by measuring a number of parameters including the hardness (total, Calcium and Magnesium), turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), acidity, Coliform (fecal and total) before and after the treatment. It is noticeable that all methods of measuring the qualitative parameters were based on those described in the book of Standard Method. Results:This research showed that in optimum concentration Alum, PAC and Oliefera were able to decrease turbidity up to 99.5, 99 and 97.7 percent, respectively. The efficiency of eliminating total, Calcium and Magnesium hardness, fecal and total Coliforms in the best condition were 40 (100 mg Oliefera), 72.5 (100 mg Oliefera), 67(80 mg Oliefera), 99.8 (combination of 100 mg Oliefera and 15 mg Alum) and 99.7 (combination of 100 mg Oliefera and 15 mg Alum) percent, respectively. Discussion and conclusion: The results showed that the efficiency would be higher if Oliefera be combination with Alum or PAC. The Moringa seed powders decreasing sedimentation time, comparing with the Alum and PAC. So much, so that the sedimentation time was decreased from 30 min to 10 min. we have to remark that the bulk produced sludge in Moringa seed powder has less density comparing with the Alum or PAC. It also was easier to drain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Evaluation of Environmental and Technical Risks in the West Ahvaz Wastewater Treatment Plant Construction Project using Hierarchical Analysis Process
Pouria Bizhanzadeh Katayoun Varshosaz Aslan EgdernezhadBackground and Objectives: Considering that urban and industrial sewage are one of the main factors of pollution entering the environment; environmental effects and technical and operational risks resulting from it have always been considered in the operating phase. But MoreBackground and Objectives: Considering that urban and industrial sewage are one of the main factors of pollution entering the environment; environmental effects and technical and operational risks resulting from it have always been considered in the operating phase. But its effects and risks are also important in the construction phase. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the environmental and technical risks of the wastewater treatment plant construction project in the west of Ahvaz with the hierarchical analysis process (AHP) in 2021. Material and Methodology: After the study phase, information related to the project was collected through the survey method and presence at the site of the treatment plant, and all executive processes, equipment and facilities were examined. For this purpose, the E-FMEA method and the opinions of experts were used to identify environmental and technical risks. Then, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used for weighting and prioritizing the parameters of the used method. Findings: In total, 19 environmental risks and 24 technical risks were identified in the processes of the West Ahvaz treatment plant construction project. Environmental and technical risks were similar in the two stages of construction of buildings and installation of tanks and facilities. In other stages, technical risk was more important than environmental. The number difference between the two technical and environmental risks in the stages of excavation, installation of foundation and skeleton of structures was 50, 25 and 66%, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: The comparison of all risks showed that technical risks were about 26% more than environmental risks. In general, the results showed that most of the environmental risks were at an acceptable level and 8 technical risks needed to be resolved as soon as possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Wastewater Management in Aquaculture for Sustainable Production: Nitrogen Compounds Removal Methods
Mohammad Hossein Khanjani Alireza MohammadiBackground and Objectives: Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing sectors of agriculture in the world today. The intensive development of the aquaculture industry has been accompanied by an increase in environmental impacts. The production process generates substanti MoreBackground and Objectives: Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing sectors of agriculture in the world today. The intensive development of the aquaculture industry has been accompanied by an increase in environmental impacts. The production process generates substantial amounts of polluted effluent, containing uneaten feed and feces. Discharges from aquaculture into the aquatic environment contain nutrients, various organic and inorganic compounds such as nitrogenous compounds (ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate), phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon and organic matter. Ammonia (NH3) is the product of fish respiration and decomposition of excess organic matter. Chemoautotrophic bacteria (Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter) tend to oxidize ammonium ions to nitrite and nitrate ions. Interest in closed aquaculture systems is increasing, mostly due to biosecurity, environmental and marketing advantages over conventional extensive and semi-intensive systems. When water is reused, some risks such as pathogen introduction, escapement of exotic species and discharging of waste water (pollution) are reduced and even eliminated. In current review, we will discuss on inorganic nitrogen removal techniques in aquaculture. Materials and Methodology: This research is in terms of the nature of the review, which has studied the subject by reviewing scientific sources. Results: The most common way to remove nitrogenous waste material in aquaculture system, is including; water exchange, aeration, cut off feeding, use of zeolite mineral and the biological control.Discussion and Conclusion: the most suitable method for controlling inorganic nitrogen compounds is consumption and reduction of nitrogen in the same place by bacteria (biochemical method). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Evaluation of Performance and Quality of Effluent in Birjand Wastewater Treatment Plant for Agricultural Purposes
Mohammad Hosein Fathabadi Mohammad Hosein Ahmadi Shadmehri Seyed Masoud Faiz Sayyid Ali BanihashemiBasis and Goal: Today, the most basic action to control pollution from wastewater and their reuse is the construction of a wastewater treatment plant and strict monitoring of their operation. Disposal of non-standard effluents and their use in agriculture or surface wat MoreBasis and Goal: Today, the most basic action to control pollution from wastewater and their reuse is the construction of a wastewater treatment plant and strict monitoring of their operation. Disposal of non-standard effluents and their use in agriculture or surface water discharge will lead to many health and environmental risks. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of auditing the environmental performance and quality of Birjand wastewater treatment plant for agricultural use. Method of Studing: This study was conducted in 1399 using a cross-sectional study method from 1396 to 1398 on the wastewater treatment plant of Birjand. Finding: The findings showed that the COD index with an average of 225 had the highest non-compliance with the standard in 1396. TSS index with an average of 153 is in the second place, total coliform with an average of 1300 in the third place and gastrointestinal coliform with an average of 502.5 are in the fourth place. In 1398, these indicators are in a standard and optimal condition. Results: Comparison of the results of the current study with the effluent standards showed that the use of the effluent of this treatment plant for agricultural purposes is recommended due to compliance with the effluent standards. This trend has shown a favorable situation during the years 1396 to 1398. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Investigation of Sewage Treatment Conditions in Guilan Province Hospitals
Abdolreza Karimi Zahra Rahimi RashtabadiHospital wastewater contains a variety of pollutants, a large amount of pathogenic microorganisms, viruses, radioactive materials, etc., which unless treated and disposed properly, can cause serious damage to human beings and the environment. The purposes of this study MoreHospital wastewater contains a variety of pollutants, a large amount of pathogenic microorganisms, viruses, radioactive materials, etc., which unless treated and disposed properly, can cause serious damage to human beings and the environment. The purposes of this study are to investigate the wastewater treatment and disposal conditions and the effluent quality in Guilan hospitals.In this study, besides the investigation of wastewater management conditions in Guilan hospitals with wastewater treatment plants, the sewage treatment performance was assessed in one of the hospitals. Qualitative indicators including total coliform, fecal coliform, pH, DO, BOD5, COD, TSS, total phosphate, ammonia, nitrate and silver in the effluent were assessed and the lab results were compared to the standards of Iran Department of Environment.According to statistical results, 10 out of the 34 studied Guilan hospitals have active wastewater treatment systems. Furthermore, the qualitative assessment showed that pH, COD, BOD5, DO, phosphate, nitrate, silver, total coliform and fecal coliform levels in the hospital conform to the standards of Iran Department of Environment. However, reduction of ammonia and TSS levels should be considered. A number of hospitals in Guilan do not have wastewater treatment plant and their wastewater is discharged into municipal wastewater collection systems or drains. On the other hand, a number of hospitals with wastewater treatment plants do not work properly. Therefore, it is important to consider executive decisions regarding new wastewater treatment technologies and upgrading treatment process in existing wastewater treatment plants. Keywords: Hospital Wastewater, Effluent Quality, Wastewater Treatment, Ammonia Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Agricultural waste utilization and efficiency in the removal of heavy metals and dyes from water and wastewater: optimal absorption studies
Mohammad Sadegh Niknam Afsaneh Shahbazi Javad FarajlouAdsorption process is proven as one of the world's best water purification technology according to its efficiencies and widespread usage. Up to now, very valuable efforts have been done to the application of municipal and industrial solid waste usage in wastewater treat MoreAdsorption process is proven as one of the world's best water purification technology according to its efficiencies and widespread usage. Up to now, very valuable efforts have been done to the application of municipal and industrial solid waste usage in wastewater treatment. The use of agricultural waste is appropriate as a low cost adsorbent, based on their effect on reducing the cost of waste disposal and on helping to protect the environment. In this study, the adsorption efficiency of various agricultural wastes in removal of hazardous pollutant, such as heavy metals and organic dyes from wastewater, have been investigated. Analyzing the respective literature, it seems that the agricultural wastes have a great potential for the removal of pollutants. The related studies about heavy metals removal showed that maximum absorption efficiency was obtained by the rice husk, green pistachio peel and orange peel with more than 99 percent efficiency, and the minimum performance occurs in the pomegranate peel with 55 percent efficiency. For dyes removal, the maximum absorption efficiency was occurred by hazelnut shell, maize stem, and pistachio shell with over than 99 percent and the minimum color removal efficiency was approximately 44 percent by removal of potato peel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Investigating the treatment of wastewater containing antibiotics by nanophotocatalytic method
Alieh Mohammadi Shaghayegh Laleh Mohammadreza DoostiToday, along with the progress of the industry, water pollution is also increasing. Pollutants enter the underground sources and surface waters from various routes and become a potential threat to human health and other organisms in the life cycle. Although various meth MoreToday, along with the progress of the industry, water pollution is also increasing. Pollutants enter the underground sources and surface waters from various routes and become a potential threat to human health and other organisms in the life cycle. Although various methods have been used to purify water and wastewater, most of these methods are not effective enough to remove many persistent organic pollutants, such as dyes, drugs, solvents, pesticides, etc. Antibiotics are among persistent organic pollutants that are rarely completely metabolized in the body after consumption, and 30 to 90% of them remain as active pollutants in the environment after elimination. Therefore, the use of new methods such as photocatalytic processes for antibiotics treatment have attracted the attention of researchers. The use of heterogeneous semiconductor nano photocatalysts as one of the advanced oxidation processes is considered due to their advantages including short-time procedure for synthesis of nano photocatalysts, nano photocatalyst ability to recycle and reuse, the formation of harmless products during the reaction, economic efficiency and compatibility with the environment. So, this approach can be an effective and efficient way to deal with environmental pollution caused by antibiotics. In this article, in addition to introducing the advanced oxidation method, recent studies on using of heterogeneous nano photocatalysts and most effective factors on photocatalytic reaction in water and wastewater treatment containing antibiotics have been reviewed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - بررسی کاربردهای مختلف پساب شهری اراک با استفاده از فرآیند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی
رضا جعفری نیا جواد وروانی مهدی فولادی پناهبحران آب در مناطق خشک و نیمه­خشک ایجاب می­کند که در زمینه کاربرد پساب­های شهری و استفاده از آن بررسی­های جامعی صورت گیرد. در این تحقیق با انجام فرآیند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی در سال 1393 با توجه به وزن نسبی معیارها که پس از تکمیل پرسشنامه و تهیه ماتریسهای او Moreبحران آب در مناطق خشک و نیمه­خشک ایجاب می­کند که در زمینه کاربرد پساب­های شهری و استفاده از آن بررسی­های جامعی صورت گیرد. در این تحقیق با انجام فرآیند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی در سال 1393 با توجه به وزن نسبی معیارها که پس از تکمیل پرسشنامه و تهیه ماتریسهای اولیه، نرمال و نتایج حاصل از آن مشخص شد، بیشترین معیار محدودکننده، معیار کیفیت پساب و سپس نسبت سود به هزینه است که بالاترین درصد وزن نسبی به آنها اختصاص داده شد (22 و 5/21 درصد به ترتیب). معیارهای بعدی به ترتیب با ارجحیت 2/20، 6/14، 5/11 و 4/10 درصد به ترتیب شامل پذیرش مردمی، سیاست­های حمایتی دولت، پتانسیل منطقه نسبت و فاصله منطقه مصرف از تصفیه خانه اولویت بعدی قرار دارند. گزینه آبیاری اراضی کشاورزی با ارجحیت 5/27 درصد برترین رتبه را به خود اختصاص داد که نشان میدهد مصرف پساب شهری اراک باید برای استفاده در آبیاری اراضی کشاورزی در اولویت قرار گیرد. گزینه دوم نیز مربوط به احیاء و توسعه مراتع حاشیه کویر میقان با ارجحیت 20 درصد می­باشد. گزینه­های بعدی به ترتیب با ارجحیت 7/18، 8/17 و 9/15 درصد به ترتیب شامل جنگل و فضای سبز، تغذیه سفره های آب زیرزمینی و صنعت در اولویت­های بعدی قرار دارند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - استفاده از پودر کربن فعال در فن آوری لجن فعال جهت بررسی اثر تصفیه پذیری فاضلاب صنعتی پتروشیمی در مقیاس آزمایشگاهی جهت پالایندگی آب برگشتی
محمد رضا فرشادی روحالله مختاران جواد احدیانبه منظور تعیین ویژگی­های دو سیستم تصفیه فاضلاب به روش لجن فعال، هوادهی گسترده و افزودن پودر کربن فعال به واحد هوادهی در مقیاس آزمایشگاهی و مقایسه عملکرد آنها در کاهش بار آلی ناشی از بنزن و اتیلن­دی­کلراید در فاضلاب مصنوعی مقایسه­ای صورت گرفت؛ و دو سیستم Moreبه منظور تعیین ویژگی­های دو سیستم تصفیه فاضلاب به روش لجن فعال، هوادهی گسترده و افزودن پودر کربن فعال به واحد هوادهی در مقیاس آزمایشگاهی و مقایسه عملکرد آنها در کاهش بار آلی ناشی از بنزن و اتیلن­دی­کلراید در فاضلاب مصنوعی مقایسه­ای صورت گرفت؛ و دو سیستم که یک سیستم با استفاده از پودر کربن فعال و سیستم دیگر بدون استفاده از پودر کربن فعال می­باشد در مقیاس آزمایشگاهی با حجم هوادهی 9 لیتر و واحد ته نشینی 4 لیتر طراحی و ساخته شد. با استفاده از یک فاضلاب مصنوعی با ترکیب شیمیایی معلوم مبتنی بر بنزن و اتیلن­دی­کلراید با میزان COD بین 300 تا 1100 میلی­گرم بر لیتر، دو سیستم فوق به مدت 6 ماه مورد بهره­برداری قرار گرفتند. در دوره بررسی، بازدهی کاهش و حذف مواد آلی و تغییرات مواد جامد مخلوط و نیز مواد جامد معلق فرار مایع مخلوط در هر دو سیستم در شرایط مختلف تغییر غلظت ورودی همراه با ثابت نگه­داشتن مقدار پودر کربن فعال ایرانی به میزان 2500 میلی­گرم بر لیتر و زمان ماند هیدرولیک و جامدات به ترتیب برابر با 18 ساعت و 15 روز صورت گرفت. یافته­های حاصل از این پژوهش نشان می­دهند که پودر کربن فعال انتخابی برای جذب اتیلن­دی­کلراید و بنزن در بارهای 400 و 700 میلی­گرم بر لیتر نسبت به بارهای 900 و 1100 میلی­گرم بر لیتر بهتر عمل نموده است. همچنین مشخص گردید که استفاده از پودر کربن فعال در سیستم با پودر باعث ناسازگاری سریعتر سیستم نسبت به سیستم لجن فعال در واحد هوادهی، میزان مواد جامد معلق فرار، مایع مخلوط و مواد جامد معلق مایع مخلوط بهتر از سیستم بدون پودر کربن فعال می­باشد. در صورت افزایش درصد حذف COD در سیستم، میزان مواد فوق نیز افزایش پیدا می­کنند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - A Study of the Effects of Purkan Village Wastewater Refinery on Qualitative Parameters of Karaj River
Faezeh Hosseini Amir hesam Hasani Amir hossein Javid Mojtaba SayadiToday the River of Karaj is exposed to all kinds of pollutions and destruction of ecosystem because of thedestructive effects of Tehran, a city with millions of residents. So it is important to examine the quality of thewater of this river to collect information about t MoreToday the River of Karaj is exposed to all kinds of pollutions and destruction of ecosystem because of thedestructive effects of Tehran, a city with millions of residents. So it is important to examine the quality of thewater of this river to collect information about the current situation. The objective of this study is to find out therole of the Purkan sanitary wastewater refinery on the quality of the water of the river. In current study, sampleswere collected from four stations: into, out of, before, and after the refinery, in seasonal form, four stages.Concentration of NO3,NH3,PO4,BOD5,COD,TSS,pH indices were tested according to methods suggested bystandard methods reference. Considering the results of the samples, data analysis was done using statistics. Theresults of physical , chemical and microbial analyses of the samples show that the refinery has no good role indecreasing basic parameters such as COD, TSS and FC (specially in summer season). In many cases, theparameters were more than the limit. The water in the river has an almost fixed condition, so; entrance of thewastewater into Karaj River does not show a great negative effect. As a result, it seems necessary to make aprogram to find a solution to remove the problems. Prevention of the direct entrance of the wastewater into theriver, modification of refinery function, optimization of filteration, and the use of wastewater in artificialirrigater may help remove these problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Environmental management of sanitary wastewater sludge (bio-solids) to produce compost and compare it for replacement with conventional chemical fertilizers
Shahram Lasemi Ebrahim Alaie Reza Arjmandi Amir Hesam HassaniCurrently, the environmental management of wastewater sludge is a major challenge in environmental engineering. New effective solutions for wastewater treatment lead to improved final effluent quality but significantly increase the volume of wastewater sludge produced. MoreCurrently, the environmental management of wastewater sludge is a major challenge in environmental engineering. New effective solutions for wastewater treatment lead to improved final effluent quality but significantly increase the volume of wastewater sludge produced. This study investigated the environmental management status of the sewage sludge of the sanitary treatment plant of the Mahmoudabad Cultural, Recreational, and Sports Complex affiliated to the National Oil Company to produce compost and compare it for replacement with conventional chemical fertilizers.The present study is descriptive-cross-sectional. The required sludge was prepared from the sludge dryer beds of the wastewater treatment plant of Mahmoudabad Cultural, Recreational, and Sports Complex, and the method used was aerobic sludge compost by the wind. Windrow size was 1/2 m high, 1.5 m wide, and 2.5 m long and was performed in 3 stages of 20 days.This study showed that the percentage of organic matter in the compost obtained from the municipal sewage sludge of Mahmoud Abad is of good quality. Changes in temperature, pH, percentage of carbon and nitrogen in the samples were in the acceptable range. Considering the environmental conditions and nutritional needs of plants, it can be said that bio fertilizers and especially compost from wastewater treatment, can play a positive role in plant growth and yield under drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Heavy metal wastewater treatment techniques: A review
Mehrab Fallahi-Samberan Sameneh KhodadadiHeavy metal pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems today. With the rapid development of industries such as metal plating facilities, mining operations, fertilizer industries, tanneries, batteries, paper industries and pesticides, etc., heavy MoreHeavy metal pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems today. With the rapid development of industries such as metal plating facilities, mining operations, fertilizer industries, tanneries, batteries, paper industries and pesticides, etc., heavy metals wastewaters are directly or indirectly discharged into the environment increasingly, especially in developing countries. Many heavy metal ions are known to be toxic or carcinogenic. These toxic heavy metals should be removed from the wastewater to protect the people and the environment. The treatment of heavy metals is of special concern due to their recalcitrance and persistence in the environment. Toxic heavy metals of particular concern in treatment of industrial wastewaters include zinc, copper, nickel, mercury, cadmium, lead and chromium. In recent years, various methods for heavy metal removal from wastewater have been extensively studied. This paper reviews the current methods that have been used to treat heavy metal wastewater and evaluates these techniques. These technologies include chemical precipitation, ion-exchange, adsorption, membrane filtration, coagulation-flocculation, flotation and electrochemical methods. It is evident from the literature survey articles that ion-exchange, adsorption and membrane filtration are the most frequently studied for the treatment of heavy metal wastewater. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Investigation of performance of bimodal/functionalized mesoprorous silica nanoparticles on the adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution
Amir Vahid -
Open Access Article
34 - The application of ZnO nanoparticles as a photocatalyst for wastewater treatment: A review
Mahdi Sanavi Fard Aref ShokriEver-increasing environmental pollutions and water scarcity are highly challenging issues that pose formidable obstacles to human beings on all fronts. Hetero-photocatalytic methods which utilized semiconductors as photocatalysts are highly promising and green technolog MoreEver-increasing environmental pollutions and water scarcity are highly challenging issues that pose formidable obstacles to human beings on all fronts. Hetero-photocatalytic methods which utilized semiconductors as photocatalysts are highly promising and green technologies for the degradation of recalcitrant organic pollutants which cannot be completely removed by conventional treatment processes. In the view of the current scenario, zinc oxide nanostructures have been demonstrated to be predominant photocatalyst candidates for photodegradation because of their cost-effectiveness, non-toxicity, strong oxidation capability, flexibility in synthesizing, earth-abundance nature, easy crystallization, and high performance in the absorption over an extensive fraction of solar spectrum in comparison with titanium dioxide. Nevertheless, bare zinc oxide possesses several intrinsic limitations, like high recombination rate of the photogenerated charge carriers, limited solar light application, photo corrosion, broad bandgap and limited visible light absorption. Moreover, photocatalysts separation from remediated solutions restricts their large-scale applications. In this review paper, the authors briefly discussed basic principles of the zinc oxide photocatalytic process besides various modifications such as coupling with low bandgap semiconductors like metal and non-metal doping, synthesizing with graphene oxide, or reduced graphene oxide and their integration in magnetic materials to successfully addressing aforesaid disconcerting challenges. Moreover, hybridized photocatalytic and membrane systems are explored. Finally, challenges and future research directions are proposed for giving profound and well-defined insights toward reaching fully exploited zinc oxide-based nanoparticles in the field of water and wastewater treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Investigation of performance of bimodal/functionalized mesoprorous silica nanoparticles on the adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution
Shahnaz Nayyeri Amir Vahid Majid Abdous Aliakbar Miran Beigi -
Open Access Article
36 - Study of nitrogen and phosphorus removal by SBR seven-step system of anoxic and aerobic and anaerobic Operation of municipal wastewater in different situations
Nader Shahandeh Afshin Takdastan mohsen solimani babarsad Sara Gayem ahwazThere are more sewage pollution by organic substances Nhast.ayn by oxygenation and oxidation of the material can be converted into nitrites, nitrates, phosphates, etc. and then settle down, separated from the waste water.Generally, wastewater treatment methods can be di MoreThere are more sewage pollution by organic substances Nhast.ayn by oxygenation and oxidation of the material can be converted into nitrites, nitrates, phosphates, etc. and then settle down, separated from the waste water.Generally, wastewater treatment methods can be divided into three main categories: physical, chemical and biological division is now widely Nmvd.astfadh biological methods for wastewater treatment is common.Biological methods are able to lower costs, a wide range of pollutants to be refined to remove biodegradable organic material and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) are used.Activated sludge process and biological trickling filter is the most common treatment methods.The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of batch process alternating aerobic and Anoxic and anaerobic removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from a wastewater treatment plant in laboratory scale (pilot) is to determine the effect of rescheduling the anaerobic, Anoxic, aerobic performance system for the removal of nitrogen and P, change the sequence of steps and timeliness effect on the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus deals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Survey Possibility on Reuse of Sanandaj Waste Water Treatment Plan Effluent in Agriculture.
sirvan zareei esmaeil ghahramani saeed dehestani athar bijan noori amir zareiWater shortage, rapid population growth and the need for development in the agricultural sector have led to the fact that water is not disposed of once a day, and solutions to eliminate this limitation of water resources through the treatment and re-circulation of waste MoreWater shortage, rapid population growth and the need for development in the agricultural sector have led to the fact that water is not disposed of once a day, and solutions to eliminate this limitation of water resources through the treatment and re-circulation of waste water due to cheap, permanent and reliable sources, and in Accessibility has been caused. In this regard, the possibility of utilization of effluent from Sanandaj sewage treatment plant in agriculture was considered according to the developed standards in order to overcome the problem of water deficit.This cross-sectional study for 12 months for the feasibility of wastewater treatment plant effluent quality Sanandaj sampling and testing to determine by measuring pH, BOD5, COD, TSS, Na +, Mg2 +, No2-, No3-, K + and Ca2 + by using statistical tests were performed and compared to industry standards.The average removal rate parameters pH, BOD5, COD, TSS, respectively 35/1, 15/88, 6/84 and 88/88 and parameters pH, BOD5, COD, TSS effluent respectively 5/7, 5/10, 5/17 and 4/12 is the pH, BOD5 and COD levels of environmental standards and the EPA but does not meet the EPA standard TSS. Compared with the FAO standard SAR limit was evaluated as good and percent sodium.According to independent t-test, a significant difference between effluent quality and standard values were observed (P <0.01). However, due to the operation Water and chosen the irrigation of sensitive crops, effluent quality suitable for agricultural purposes Supplies is. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Reuse of Treated Sanitary Sewage and Agricultural Water Drainage as Alternative Sources for Irrigation of Aghili Plain Vegetables
Hossein Soltani Kazemi Ehsan DerikvandDue to the scarcity of water in Iran and the growth of population and urbanization, planning for optimal use of water resources and recycling of water from unconventional sources has become more necessary. This study aimed to reuse refined sanitary sewage and agricultur MoreDue to the scarcity of water in Iran and the growth of population and urbanization, planning for optimal use of water resources and recycling of water from unconventional sources has become more necessary. This study aimed to reuse refined sanitary sewage and agricultural water drainage as alternative sources of irrigation for vegetables. For this purpose, 6 species of seed; red radish, sugarcane, coriander, savory, dill and leek were sown and studied in three replications: 1-irrigation with well water, 2-irrigation with agricultural drainage, and 3-irrigation with treated wastewater. Each seed was seeded at 100 g in 3 replications. Soil quality, heavy metals in soil, water pollution and parasitic tests and water hygiene were measured at different stages. Vegetable weight and height were also measured at harvest time to compare three replications. The results showed that the weight and height of the vegetables in the three replications were not significantly different, but the growth size of the vegetable was higher than the other two replications. Environmental standards for agricultural irrigation were achieved after wastewater treatment, but the amount of heavy metals in soil after irrigation was slightly increased and soil salinity decreased. Finally, it is recommended to conduct continuous health and quality control tests to avoid wasting water from agricultural water drainage for irrigation of vegetables and the use of purified sanitation in special cases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - تیمار پساب (شهری و بیمارستانی) به کمک گیاهان زینتی: مرور
ضیا رحماناین مطالعه به دو نوع پساب­های تیمار نشده شامل پساب شهری (مناطق توریستی) و پساب صنایع داروسازی و چگونگی استفاده از آن­ها در زمین­های مرطوب (غرقاب) می­پردازد. در مناطق کوهستانی ایجاد یک سیستم دفع فاضلاب مناسب مشکل است و این مطالعه بر آن است که یک روش مناسب Moreاین مطالعه به دو نوع پساب­های تیمار نشده شامل پساب شهری (مناطق توریستی) و پساب صنایع داروسازی و چگونگی استفاده از آن­ها در زمین­های مرطوب (غرقاب) می­پردازد. در مناطق کوهستانی ایجاد یک سیستم دفع فاضلاب مناسب مشکل است و این مطالعه بر آن است که یک روش مناسب در اختیار ما بگذارد. در زمین­های غرقاب باید مواد سمی از آب خارج شود و برای این کار یک لایه CW سطحی احداث می­کنند. گیاهان زینتی مانند Canna flaccida، شیپوری و C. indica در این مطالعه استفاده شدند که نتایج سودمند پایداری در 80 % کاهش BOD و COD به همراه داشتند. کاربامازپین یک داروی پرمصرف است که باعث آلودگی آب­ها می­شود. با احداث یک جریان افقی زیر سطحی، این مسئله قابل حل است، برای این کار جریان عمودی در زمین مورد نظر خواهیم داشت و بعد از آن این پساب در استخرهایی مستقر می­شود. از سه گونه زینتی (Thypha latifolia, Iris sibrica, Zantedeschia aethiopica) استفاده شد و پارامترهای DO، pH و EC کنترل شد و میانگین وزن برداشت شده به­ترتیب (%) 5/4 ± 5/62 و % 5/4 ± 59 بود. نتایج نشان داد که دو گیاه اول (تیفا و زنبق) عملکرد عالی داشتند. گیاهان زینتی برای گلدهی، گیاهان تجاری مثل گل شیپوری، پرنده بهشتی، آنتوریوم و آگاپانتوس بودند. بعد از اینکه سیستم با پساب مورد نظر آبیاری شد، گل شیپوری حدود 60 گل داد و بقیه گونه­ها برگ­های بزرگی تولید کردند و بعضی از آن­ها بخاطر شرایط نامساعد محیطی از بین رفتند. داده­ها حاکی از آن است که Canna indica نتایج خوبی در مورد BOD و COD داد و گل شیپوری پتانسیل تولید گل بالایی در شرایط آب و هوایی محل آزمایش داشت. این در حالی است که در رابطه با کاربامازپین، دو تا از گونه­ها توانایی جذب مواد آلاینده را داشتند: زنبق و گل شیپوری. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Joint pricing and replenishment decisions in an inventory model for deteriorating items considering wastewater treatment: A case study
Arash Sepehri Mohammad Reza Gholamian -
Open Access Article
41 - Preparation of polyaluminium chloride and polyaluminum ferric chloride chemical coagulants for water treatment and comparison of their efficiency with commercial sample
akbar rostami vartooni Ali Reza Moradzadeh Aghbalagh Ali ShakerIn this research, due to the practical and economic advantages of aluminum-based coagulants, the polyaluminum chloride and polyaluminum ferric chloride samples were synthesized using a simple and low-cost method. The prepared polymers were characterized by Fourier-trans MoreIn this research, due to the practical and economic advantages of aluminum-based coagulants, the polyaluminum chloride and polyaluminum ferric chloride samples were synthesized using a simple and low-cost method. The prepared polymers were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Based on infrared spectroscopy analysis, it is determined that the structural property of the synthesized polymers is similar to that of commercial coagulant. The peaks related to asymmetric stretching vibrations of the Fe-OH-Fe or Al-OH-Al bonds and bending vibration of the Fe-OH bond can be appeared in the range of 1030-1130 cm-1 and 770 cm-1, respectively. The Al, Cl, O and Fe elements are seen in iron-containing samples Finally, the performance of polymeric coagulants in the flocculation process of water purification was investigated by the jar test apparatus. The obtained results showed that the PAC sample has a better coagulation ability and the iron-containing coagulants play a more appropriate role at higher turbidity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Performance of carboxymethyl cellulose and alginate nanocomposite hydrogel containing graphene oxide nanosheets for removal of methylene blue dye
سید جمال الدین پیغمبردوست Abbas Mostafaei Parisa Mohammadzadeh Pakdel Mousa MohammadpourfardToday, with the development of industries and urbanization, the need for healthy water have increased. Hydrogels are effective adsorbents for removing pollutants from water sources. In this research, graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were used to improve the performance of MoreToday, with the development of industries and urbanization, the need for healthy water have increased. Hydrogels are effective adsorbents for removing pollutants from water sources. In this research, graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were used to improve the performance of methylene blue dye removal by carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel and alginate, which were biocompatible. Carboxymethyl cellulose and alginate nanocomposite hydrogels containing graphene oxide nanosheets showed good performance compared to hydrogels synthesized by chemical method. The synthesized adsorbents were characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Different weight percentages of GO (0-10 wt. %) were incorporated in the hydrogel matrix and obtained optimal value was 6 wt. %. The obtained removal efficiency was 65.4 and 73.1 % for CMC/Alg and CMC/Alg/GO, respectively, under optimal conditions (initial concentration of 56 mg/l, adsorbent dose of 1.5 g/l, 120 min contact time, and 25 °C temperature). Analysis of kinetic data showed that the pseudo-second-order model had R2 order of 0.986 and 0.983 for CMC/Alg and CMC/Alg/GO adsorbents, respectively. Therefore, it was the most suitable model for kinetic data fitting. Monolayer adsorption capacity for CMC/Alg and CMC/Alg/GO adsorbents was 91.74 and 96.15 mg/g, respectively, which showed the improvement of the adsorption by incorporation of GO. Thermodynamic investigation showed that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic. Finally, it can be concluded that the synthesized nanocomposite hydrogel can be used as an effective adsorbent for the decontamination of methylene blue dye. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Spent caustic wastewater treatment of petrochemical units by wet air oxidation process
اسما مرتضویان حمیدرضا مرتهب مرتضی مافیWet air oxidation (WAO) is an efficient way to treat industrial wastewaters. In present study, wet air oxidation process was used for treatment of spent caustic effluents from ethylene unit in the petrochemical industry. After analysis and determination of wastewater pr MoreWet air oxidation (WAO) is an efficient way to treat industrial wastewaters. In present study, wet air oxidation process was used for treatment of spent caustic effluents from ethylene unit in the petrochemical industry. After analysis and determination of wastewater properties, the process was performed using an experimental set-up having 1-L reactor in the temperature range of 170-200 ̊C and 6-9 bar partial pressure of oxygen. The effects of parameters including liquid volume, temperature, and pH were investigated. Performing experiments in two liquid volumes of 200 and 400 mL confirmed that required oxygen is provided at 190 ̊C and changing the partial pressure of oxygen has no significant effect on process efficiency due to abundant oxygen in the reactor. The values of reduction in chemical oxygen demands (COD) after 3 h at temperatures of 170, 190, and 200 C were 61, 63, and 67%, respectively. The process at 200 ̊C and pH of 12 and 10 for 3 h could decrease 69 and 82% of COD, respectively. Applying homogenous Fe3+ and Cu2+ catalysts could not enhance the performance of the process significantly. Furthermore, the kinetics of two-stage reactions of wet air oxidation process was also studied and the kinetic constants and activation energies were determined. Since the real sample from a petrochemical unit was used, determination of optimum operation conditions, investigation on the effect of catalyst, and also determination of kinetic degree of wet air oxidation reaction for spent caustic wastes of petrochemical units might be considered as the novelties of the current study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Evaluation of the performance of Hospital Waste Water Treatment with Activated Sludge and Extended Aeration System using Activated Carbon for the Removal of Lambda-cyhalothrin Pesticide
M. Mamaghanifar L. Yadegarian H. GhafourianHospital waste contains pathogens and dangerous chemicals. Considering the problems encountered in wastewater treatment, investigation of treatment methods and pesticide residue content of hospital wastewater and sewage outlet is utmost importance. The aim of this study MoreHospital waste contains pathogens and dangerous chemicals. Considering the problems encountered in wastewater treatment, investigation of treatment methods and pesticide residue content of hospital wastewater and sewage outlet is utmost importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of activated sludge with extended aeration system in treatment plants, for removal of Lambda-cyhalothrin in hospital wastewater and provide recommendations for improving the system. In this study six sewage outlet samples were taken before pesticide treatment and after first and second treatments from a hospital with extended aeration activated sludge system. Three samples from each sampling session were transferred into a container containing 0.5g activated carbon, to assess its effect on reduction of Lambda-cyhalothrin in wastewater. Lambda-cyhalothrin was extracted using QuEChERS method and analyzed using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/ MS). Finally, by employing SPSS software and using t-test and analysis of variance, at 95% significant level (P≤ 0.05), data were statistically analyzed. The results showed that concentrations of Lambda-cyhalothrin in hospital wastewater, before application, was below the limit of the detection and after two consecutive application, level of Lambda-cyhalothrin increased to 27.49 ± 0.086 and 37.56 ± 0.07 ppm, respectively. Using activated carbon treatment, the Lambda-cyhalothrin concentration decreased to 2.22 ± 0.05 and 1.54 ± 0.01 ppm, respectively. Comparing the results with standard levels recommended for pesticides, for drinking water (0.0001ppm) and sewage (0.031 ppm), all samples even after carbon active treatment, had significantly higher levels of Lambda-cyhalothrin at 95% confidence level. This reflects the fact that the extended aeration activated sludge system alone is not a sufficient technique for the removal and reduction of Lambda-cyhalothrin in hospital wastewater and to improve the current sewage treatment system, activated carbon can also be one of the options in reducing pesticide concentrations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Identification of the Mechanism Involved in the Removal Potetial of Textile Pollutants by the Aquatic Plant Lemna gibba L.
Imene Hocini Nabila Khellaf Khaled Benabbas Hayet Djelal Abdeltif Amrane -
Open Access Article
46 - The Effect of Silane Treatment on Nanosized Carica Papaya Seed Modified Pullulan as Biocoagulant in Wastewater Treatment
Nur Sabrina Azhar Mazatusziha Ahmad Deong Jing Lie
Sanad
Sanad is a platform for managing Azad University publications
Links
Related Centers
Technical Support
Official pages
The rights to this website are owned by the Raimag Press Management System.
Copyright © 2021-2024