The turk‘s emigrants were influenced by the religions andcultures of other peoples when they left their mother lands andpassed of many areas. Shamanism was the foremost belief of turksthat remaind among them for hundreds years. However turksgradually could rule on More
The turk‘s emigrants were influenced by the religions andcultures of other peoples when they left their mother lands andpassed of many areas. Shamanism was the foremost belief of turksthat remaind among them for hundreds years. However turksgradually could rule on Islamic world after accepting of Islam, butone can pursue their past beliefs in Islamic times. In this essay, thepast religious beliefs of turks before Islam and the ways of Islamspreading was considered.
Manuscript profile
Dasht-i |ip´aÎ is a name used in the Islamic geographical andhistorical sources for the vast plains of northwest Asia, WestKazakhstan and southern present-day Russia (Eurasian steppes).Research in the Sources indicates that this name appears in variousforms. More
Dasht-i |ip´aÎ is a name used in the Islamic geographical andhistorical sources for the vast plains of northwest Asia, WestKazakhstan and southern present-day Russia (Eurasian steppes).Research in the Sources indicates that this name appears in variousforms. Despite the high frequency of the name in the sources,especially from the fifth/eleventh century onwards, because of theexisting brief and concise information, it is not possible to conceivethe geographical borers of this plain. However, it is clear that thisplains up to the Mongol domination in the early seventh/thirteenthcentury, inhabited and dominated by the confederation of the |ip´aÎ (Kipchak) tribes. Reasons such as non-existence of a State and thecentral power with known Territories and clear frontiers in Dasht-i |ip´aÎ, scattering of the |ip´aÎ tribes in the vast plains and thecontinuation of nomadic life of |ip´aÎ s during nearly two centuriesof their domination on the steppes, are the major obstacles that make itdifficult to determine exact borders of Dasht-i |ip´aÎ.
Manuscript profile
Baghdad shurta was one of the most important governmentalinstitutions in Iraq region during Abbasid caliphate. Alluding to thestory of the formation of this institution and some of its specialfeatures, this article is to consider different political motivations forbein More
Baghdad shurta was one of the most important governmentalinstitutions in Iraq region during Abbasid caliphate. Alluding to thestory of the formation of this institution and some of its specialfeatures, this article is to consider different political motivations forbeing in control of Baghdad Police; influence of different authoritiesand politicians and their politics on it; backgrounds and ways throughthem political changes and competitions affected the prevalentprocedures of its management, such as choosing its chief; and itsfields of activity and duties.
Manuscript profile
Iranians national identity is rooted deeply to Iranian cultureand civilization; such a culture and civilization which by virtueof numerous archeological evidences, its great achievementsdate back to at least 5th millennium B.C.Taking advances, of this rich heritage and More
Iranians national identity is rooted deeply to Iranian cultureand civilization; such a culture and civilization which by virtueof numerous archeological evidences, its great achievementsdate back to at least 5th millennium B.C.Taking advances, of this rich heritage and millennialachievements of civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, etc., Arianswho entered Iran about first millennium B.C., laid thefoundation of a noble and strong civilization and culture thatthough showing flexibility in confrontation with Arab and Turknations, did not lost its nobility. By the entrance of Islam intoIram and as a result of the efforts of various groups, graduallythe “Itanian-Islamic Identity”was formed. But this newly formedidentity was just growing when the Turkish invasion unbalancedthe situation and exposed this nowly-established identity toserious challenges.
Manuscript profile
Dobruja, a region in the southeastern Romania, was under Ottomancontrol, and had a Muslim majority, from early 15th century untilRomanian independence war (1877-78). After this war which led toOttomans defeat, this region departed from Ottoman Empire andbecame a part of More
Dobruja, a region in the southeastern Romania, was under Ottomancontrol, and had a Muslim majority, from early 15th century untilRomanian independence war (1877-78). After this war which led toOttomans defeat, this region departed from Ottoman Empire andbecame a part of Romania. Then part of its Muslim populationmigrated to Ottoman territory, accompanying Ottoman army, and theother part remained in newly independent Romania, as a religious andethnic minority. In this article, different aspects of this minority’s lifein Romania from independence till now, are considered.
Manuscript profile
The arrival of Seljuq Turks in Ghaznavids territory in the early fifth century AH led to significant changes in Iranian Plateau. Seljuq Turks entered Ghaznavids territory as nomads, while their entrance to the Ghaznavids territory the city Khorasan was a sedentary settl More
The arrival of Seljuq Turks in Ghaznavids territory in the early fifth century AH led to significant changes in Iranian Plateau. Seljuq Turks entered Ghaznavids territory as nomads, while their entrance to the Ghaznavids territory the city Khorasan was a sedentary settlement full of towns and villages. Newcomers in Khorasan and the west were Muslims. Turkish tribes used to immigrate in a large scale as well. The sedentary people of these regions were facing new challenges while dealing with the lifestyle of Turkish tribes. The study at hand uses data and historical writings in order to analyze and investigate the food security before and after the arrival of Seljuq Turks in Iranian Plateau. The research findings show that Seljuq Turks and other tribes with their dangerous actions were a threat to the national and food security. Furthermore, people from different regions faced new problems following these threats. The following descriptive-analytical study investigates factors influencing the food security in Seljuq era. The study also investigates food security, food itself and different products of different regions.
Manuscript profile
Sanad
Sanad is a platform for managing Azad University publications
