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Open Access Article
1 - Social anxiety, chat GPT and plagiarism
Esmaeil Shirali Nasim Sanavi hosein eskiniAcademic plagiarism means taking the ideas and words of others and making them your own. Academic plagiarism is a word that has entered Iran's scientific field in the last few decades, and its spread causes irreparable damage to the scientific community and research spa MoreAcademic plagiarism means taking the ideas and words of others and making them your own. Academic plagiarism is a word that has entered Iran's scientific field in the last few decades, and its spread causes irreparable damage to the scientific community and research spaces. Some cases of academic plagiarism committed by people are due to not knowing the examples of this act. Lack of development, lack of knowledge and proper training, promotions that have not been investigated, and quantities instead of paying attention to quality and practicality, lack of restrictive laws and focus on documentation can be considered as factors of academic plagiarism. By increasing the knowledge and awareness of people about academic plagiarism and increasing the moral thinking of academic plagiarism, committing academic plagiarism will decrease, and this important thing requires the educational and educational development of students and researchers, and this development can have a great impact with the correct use and full understanding of new knowledge, including artificial intelligence. Have in this process. Today, GPT chat, which is one of the most important and interesting topics for discussion in scientific circles, is considered one of the effects of the use of artificial intelligence, which we will discuss in this article in order to use it with a proper understanding of this technology. Put it in the right direction Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Sociological Explanation of the Causes of Theft in Golestan Province
Mohammad Hassan Rezaei Mohammad Reza Naimi Issa Hassanzadeh -
Open Access Article
3 - The Jurisprudential Criterion of Changing the Hadd of Theft to Ta’zir for Children, While Considering the Effective Social Factors in Committing a Crime
Mostafa Hassanpour Mohammad Jafari Harandi (Corresponding Author) Tayebeh ArefniaIn the Islamic legal system, young age is considered one of the factors that mitigate criminal liability, and jurists consider puberty as one of the common conditions of obligation. As a result, a child who has committed a crime which has caused hadd (punishment) is not MoreIn the Islamic legal system, young age is considered one of the factors that mitigate criminal liability, and jurists consider puberty as one of the common conditions of obligation. As a result, a child who has committed a crime which has caused hadd (punishment) is not considered to be deserved to Hudud or Qisas (punishments or retaliation in kind). In the penal regulations of Iran, the lack of criminal liability of minors has been explicitly accepted, but at the same time, in crimes with non-ta’zir punishments, educational and punishment measures have been established for them, which in the last part is against the principle of lack of criminal liability of minors. In this regard, in addition to paying attention to the explanation and matching the opinion of experts in the field of Sharia with the minors penal regulations in the field of converting the hadd of theft to Ta'zir, the effective causes of children's delinquency can be checked and evaluated. Most of the studies and researches that are carried out on the axis of social structure, focus on correcting the behavior and thought of this particular group and analyze the effective factors in the deviation or guidance of this age group. Perhaps the most important reason for the special attention of specialists and experts to this issue is the effective role that children will play in the future structure of society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Situational Prevention of Theft in Natural Disasters and Crises
Amir Ahmadi Rouzbeh Masoud Ghasemi (corresponding author) Rouhollah ForouzeshThe application of a set of non-criminal measures is called crime prevention. In this regard, this application ruins the intention of crime and criminal and in a way, increases the cost of committing a crime and ultimately leads to the potential criminal's withdrawal fr MoreThe application of a set of non-criminal measures is called crime prevention. In this regard, this application ruins the intention of crime and criminal and in a way, increases the cost of committing a crime and ultimately leads to the potential criminal's withdrawal from committing a crime. One of the crimes that increases during natural disasters and crises is theft. Therefore, in order to deal with it and re-establish social, economic security and peace of mind of the victims, crime prevention measures should be taken into consideration. This article aims to examine and provide preventive measures for the crime of theft in natural disasters and crises. This study is one of applied research in terms of purpose and nature, and its research method is Delphi and qualitative interview method. Furthermore, the data collection tool of this research is a researcher-made questionnaire, and its statistical population is a number of experts, elites, lawyers, etc., who have been evaluated. Situational crime prevention usually manifests itself through breaking one of the links in the chain of causes and events that can be neutralized and causes the crime to occur. The cost of situational prevention is much lower than the criminal punishment of criminals, and reducing the opportunity can be useful in deterring criminals from crime and fear. This kind of prevention includes a wide range of activities and measures to deal with theft. Eliminating ideal situations for the occurrence of crime, predicting safe places to store important and relief items, increasing checkpoints at the entrance and exit of crisis-hit cities, using electronic equipment for control and monitoring in accident-affected areas, etc. are effective during natural disasters and crises in the prevention of theft. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - A Critical Review of Punishment for Thef on the Ground of Sharia’s End
Maryam Khalili Ramin PoursaeidAccording to the first clause of article 201 Eslamic penal law, the punishment for theft at first time is cutting off four fingers of his right hand. Abu-AL-Ishagh AL- shattebi believed that interpreter’s understanding of Holy Quran and tradition should not contra MoreAccording to the first clause of article 201 Eslamic penal law, the punishment for theft at first time is cutting off four fingers of his right hand. Abu-AL-Ishagh AL- shattebi believed that interpreter’s understanding of Holy Quran and tradition should not contrast with other’s main ends of legislator such as securing life, reason, Capital of , generation and religion, and also should not squandering them . Some contemporary jurists such as Abolghassem Gorji have introduced a new ground through expanding the legislator’s ends to justice and social reform. Based on this new ground, literal understanding of verse 38 Maeideh, cutting off thief’s hand is seriously under question. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The Role of Repentance (from Theft) in Punishment and Ta'zir Based on Jurisprudence and Islamic Penal Code1392: an Analytical Appraisal
Mohammad Jalil Rezaei Javad Panjehpour Hormoz Asadi KoohbadRepentance is one of the most important issues among the Qur'anic sciences and Islamic law, and it is based on a generous and humane look at human beings. In the Penal Penal Code of Islam, repentance is one of the factors of the fall, amnesty and reduction of punitive d MoreRepentance is one of the most important issues among the Qur'anic sciences and Islamic law, and it is based on a generous and humane look at human beings. In the Penal Penal Code of Islam, repentance is one of the factors of the fall, amnesty and reduction of punitive damages, except for the Qazf. According to the principle of free will, man is responsible for what he is doing. The author analyzes this issue through a descriptive-analytical research based on library studies. The findings suggest that the new lawmaker's approach to the Islamic punishment law of 92 in the original Islamic law introduces this valuable concept to the Iranian criminal system in a regular manner, and the Shari'a view reflects the practical role of repentance in the improvement, rehabilitation and spiritual practice of the perpetrator, and the criminal system Islam, with the prediction of the body of repentance as one of the causes of the fall of punishment, has been instrumental in identifying the purpose of the criminal system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The Penalty and Punishment phenomenon in law and Quran
Rahman MajaziPenalty means committing a crime or quitting one followed by an educational or safety punishment determined by law. The present article attempts to study the penalty phenomena and the suggested ways to prevent it. Since the drug and the cigarette are the MorePenalty means committing a crime or quitting one followed by an educational or safety punishment determined by law. The present article attempts to study the penalty phenomena and the suggested ways to prevent it. Since the drug and the cigarette are the most common causes of death in the world, diagnosing the motivating factors and attempting to remove them are the most important ways to prevent. Family is also an important factor and symbol for the youth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Criminal liability of legal persons in cyber theft
احمد مرادخانی سید محسن رضوی اصلCyber theft is among the crimes that occur in cyberspace, and although the substantive conditions and constituent elements of a crime, no different from the traditional theft, but the difference in the crime, distinguishing the two types is stealing from each other. The MoreCyber theft is among the crimes that occur in cyberspace, and although the substantive conditions and constituent elements of a crime, no different from the traditional theft, but the difference in the crime, distinguishing the two types is stealing from each other. The perpetrators of Internet piracy as well as other crimes can be both natural and legal persons. The perpetrators of Internet piracy as well as other crimes, can be both natural and legal persons and the issue of criminal liability of legal persons in the Penal Code Act of 1392 explicitly accepted, in the computer crimes law in Articles 19 to 23 Has been studied and It is seen that in this law, penalties far more severe than the punishment prescribed for the legal person designated for the theft of computer and internet is a real person. and It is seen that in this law, penalties far more severe than the punishment prescribed for the legal person designated for the theft of computer and internet is a real person. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Investigation of effective environmental factors in preventing theft Case study: Shahroud city
hossein jiba mohammad rohani moghaddam, maryam aqai bejestani,The urban environment has different effects on urban spaces and citizens 'lives, the most important of which is the increase in crime and the decrease in citizens' sense of security. The phenomenon of theft and urban insecurity is somehow related to the order and securi MoreThe urban environment has different effects on urban spaces and citizens 'lives, the most important of which is the increase in crime and the decrease in citizens' sense of security. The phenomenon of theft and urban insecurity is somehow related to the order and security of the country and due to the psychological and physical damage to the lost property, leads to insecurity in society. One of the strategies to prevent crime and consequently theft is to prevent crime through environmental design and attention to the geographical environment of crime. The purpose of this study was to investigate the environmental conditions in the occurrence of theft. The research method was descriptive-analytical based on library and field studies. Findings of the study emphasize the importance of the role of location in Shahroud in the amount and frequency of robbery. It shows that the role and effect of the body and physics of cities and the proper design of urban spaces and biological complexes have had a direct impact on crime reduction and prevention. Therefore, considering the relationship between defenseless spaces and the crime of theft, by reducing defenseless spaces and paying attention to the crime scene and proper design of the environment, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of some crimes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Explain the relationship between Physical damages of theft With an attitude to the fear and insecurity of citizens based on social learning theory
sajad namvar hamed bakhshi masod imanianMuch of a person's knowledge of the environment is based on his or her learning record. Stealing from social deviations is recurring, causing fear and insecurity in citizens by inflicting casualties. In this study, the relationship between the loss of life and theft is MoreMuch of a person's knowledge of the environment is based on his or her learning record. Stealing from social deviations is recurring, causing fear and insecurity in citizens by inflicting casualties. In this study, the relationship between the loss of life and theft is explained by the attitude towards fear and insecurity of citizens based on learning theory. This research is a quantitative and descriptive survey study that has been conducted in a correlational manner. The statistical population includes all citizens of North Khorasan province. The sample was obtained based on Cochran's formula to 384 people and the researcher-made questionnaire was distributed in a stratified manner according to the volume. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by several experts in this field and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha method was 82.. Confirmed. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 18. Based on the results, it was observed that from the citizens' point of view, the loss of life due to theft in the streets and places, pickpocketing and home theft, respectively, have the highest relationship with other attitudes towards fear and insecurity compared to other thefts. Because only 8.6% of respondents have been robbed, Based on social learning theory, it is inferred that other mechanisms such as observation and imitation, in addition to the direct experience of robbery, have determined their attitudes toward fear and insecurity. Implementation of crime prevention plans can use positive observation and imitation mechanisms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Electricity theft detection in Power utilities using Bagged CHAID-Based classification Trees
Muhammad Saeed Mohd. Wazir Mustafa Usman Sheikh Attaullah Khidrani Mohd Norzali Haji Mohd -
Open Access Article
12 - nvestigation of Cyberc Robbery Punishment in Iranian Law
Seyyed Mohsen Razavi AslBy development of internet and its effect on different parts of human life, different crimes happen in this context and one of them is robbery. Internet robbery is stealing of other’s data by computer on the web and it has three special bases of robbery which are MoreBy development of internet and its effect on different parts of human life, different crimes happen in this context and one of them is robbery. Internet robbery is stealing of other’s data by computer on the web and it has three special bases of robbery which are robber, victim and stolen. The general elements are material, logical and spiritual. So this kind of robbery has no basical different with traditional robbery and the only difference is the environment and way of doing crime. So we can say that internet robbery has the same laws like traditional robbery. In Iran, There is a common and special relation between computerize robbery and internet robbery. As any internet robbery is a computerize crime but not any computerize robbery an internet kind. Evidence show that even though internet robbery is a crime but its complexity and variety made it difficult to legislate proper rules because of that only article 12 is dedicated to internet robbery and it’s very limited and silent in some cases like robbery hadd. More over in internet robbery retributory responsibility for juridical characters is possible and it’s accepted in Iran c Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Jurisprudential and legal Review of the Verdict of Testimony on Previous Theft after the Execution of the Sentence
Ahmad Hajidehabadi Mohammad Ali Afshari Marzieh Ganjali DaraniArticle 202 of the Islamic Penal Code, adopted in 1370, states: "(If the thieves' fingers are cut off and after the execution of this limit, another robbery of him is proved that the thief has committed the crime before the execution of the sentence, his left foot will MoreArticle 202 of the Islamic Penal Code, adopted in 1370, states: "(If the thieves' fingers are cut off and after the execution of this limit, another robbery of him is proved that the thief has committed the crime before the execution of the sentence, his left foot will be cut off). The legal documentary of this article is a narration from Imam Baqir (AS). The jurisprudential documentary of this article is a narration from Imam Baqir (AS), which is expressed in two ways by Ali Ibn Ibrahim and Sahl Ibn Ziad. A group of jurisprudents with the purpose of this hadith sentenced the next execution. On the other hand, a group of jurisprudents also considered the narrative to be weak and the unit's news, and the rule of law, which calls for divisions between the two limits, or the preservation of blood, has canceled the next punishment. The legislator, in the new Islamic Penal Code of 2013, has removed Article 202, which appears to be the supersede. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Analysing Criminology of Attempt to theft in Statutory law ant Islamic Law
Kiyomars Kalantari Hossein KalantariAccording to article 655 of Islamic punishment code which appoints" the punishment for attempt to the above – mentioned thefts in previous articles is up to 5 years imprisonment and up to 74 lashesh.", Attempt to thefts of the previous articles is known by super & MoreAccording to article 655 of Islamic punishment code which appoints" the punishment for attempt to the above – mentioned thefts in previous articles is up to 5 years imprisonment and up to 74 lashesh.", Attempt to thefts of the previous articles is known by super – crime article. Although the expression of previous articles ‘seemingly includes all the thefts mentioned in article 655 of Islamic punishment code but procedure unity vote issued by general board of supreme court of the country by number and date of 635 and 8/4/1378, respectively was issued in such a way that many of jurists by deduction of it, knew just attempt to thefts mentioned in articles 651 through 654 of that code as crime. In this paper, the writers by studying judicial opinions and suitable scientific interpretation seek to consider attempt to all thefts mentioned in Islamic punishment code including theft with prescribed punishment except theft which has come after the article 655 of Islamic punishment code as crime. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Feasibility Study of Limit Execution in Internet Theft
Ahmad MoradkhaniCyber theft as a new type of theft has been developed in cyberspace in recent decades. And this indicates the non-deterrence of existing laws, one of the most important factors in the weakness of the laws related to cyber theft is the knowledge of its nature and the i MoreCyber theft as a new type of theft has been developed in cyberspace in recent decades. And this indicates the non-deterrence of existing laws, one of the most important factors in the weakness of the laws related to cyber theft is the knowledge of its nature and the incorrect interpretation and explanation of the Islamic Penal Code according to Article 12 of the Computer Crimes Law. And this is while cyber theft is not much different from physical theft in terms of substance and conditions and elements of the crime. The present article uses descriptive and analytical methods of jurisprudential arguments and existing laws in the position of feasibility of enforcing the limit in cyber theft. And the answer to the question is whether the definition and conditions stated about physical theft in jurisprudence and law are applicable to computer theft? What are the reasons for those who believe that it is ta'zir? Is the condition of blasphemy and taking property in computer theft applicable? Finally, by rejecting the reasons for those who believe that it is ta'zir and presenting a reason for the full compliance of the conditions, the extent of cyber theft has been proven. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - A Critique of the Theory of Multiple Confessions in Proving the Punishment for Theft
Nader Mokhtari afraketi Masoumeh Tajaldeni Lila Mehrabi radIt is widely-held by Imami jurists that if confession, which is one of the methods of proving a lawsuit, happens twice, it proves the punishment (hadd) for theft. According to Article 172 of the Islamic Penal Code of Iran (passed in 2013), the legislator sees eye to eye MoreIt is widely-held by Imami jurists that if confession, which is one of the methods of proving a lawsuit, happens twice, it proves the punishment (hadd) for theft. According to Article 172 of the Islamic Penal Code of Iran (passed in 2013), the legislator sees eye to eye with the famous or widely-held opinion. Meanwhile, some early jurists have explicitly opposed this notion, and it is also deciphered from the words of some more recent jurists that they also disagree with this position inasmuch as they maintain that a full confession made only one time shall suffice for proving the hadd (punishment) for theft. Considering that the narrations cited by famous jurists can be undermined in terms of their "chain of transmission" and "denotation" and no other convincing proof has been presented in this regard, and also, in view of the existence of authentic narrations indicating the sufficiency of one confession for proving the punishment for theft as well as the conformity of this saying with the generality of the proofs of the validity of the confession and the traditions that prove the punishment for theft by confession, the writer considers one confession that meets all the conditions to be sufficient for proving the punishment for theft. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Imbalance Between Cybercrime Punishments with Some of the Corresponding Traditional Crimes
hojjatallah fathiDue to the expansion of cyberspace users, the types of cybercrime have increased day by day and the manner of occurrence of these crimes has become more diverse and advanced. Noting inconclusion of or inefficiency of the criminal laws governing the traditional cri MoreDue to the expansion of cyberspace users, the types of cybercrime have increased day by day and the manner of occurrence of these crimes has become more diverse and advanced. Noting inconclusion of or inefficiency of the criminal laws governing the traditional crimes, many of the countries worldwide, including Iran, has opted for legislation and enactment of special laws regarding cybercrimes. One of the principles of criminal law is the proportionality of the crime and the punishment and the balance between the punishments in similar crimes. The question that the present article seeks to answer is ‘whether a balance has been abided by between the punishments determined for similar crimes in the traditional and cyber space?’. The research method in this article is descriptive and analytical in terms of collecting library resources and in terms of its content. A comparative study of the punishments for traditional theft and cyber theft, traditional fraud and cyber fraud, and encouraging corruption and prostitution in the traditional space and cyberspace, indicates that the principle of proportionality of crime and punishment and the balance of punishments in similar mentioned crimes have not been observed. Punishments for similar cyberspace crimes are far lighter than the same crimes in the traditional environment, which seems to have no legal justification and requires a review and amendment of the law. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Situational prevention, with an environmental design approach, in reducing social housing theft (a case study of “Maskane Mehr” in Rasht)
Sayyed Ali Jabbar Golbaghi Masouleh Sasan MalekmotieiIn environmental construction, improper design creates the risk of crime. Prevention through "environmental design" reduces the opportunity for criminals to commit criminal acts. Due to the increase in the occurrence of thefts, it is necessary to comply as much as possi MoreIn environmental construction, improper design creates the risk of crime. Prevention through "environmental design" reduces the opportunity for criminals to commit criminal acts. Due to the increase in the occurrence of thefts, it is necessary to comply as much as possible with the rules of environmental design in the construction of social housing. In the following article, the factors of theft crime in Maskan Mehr in Rasht are investigated on a case-by-case basis. It is clear that its origin is the neglect of situational prevention. Matching and evaluating the design of Maskan Mehr in Rasht with environmental design components, it is determined that, in the internal and external environment of this project, things such as: territory, surveillance, access control and making it difficult to achieve criminal goals have not been observed. The lack of these components has had an important impact on the occurrence and frequency of theft. Therefore, their correct implementation in social housing projects, such as Maskan Mehr, is the way to prevent the crime of theft in these settlements and residential complexes. The implementation of environmental design rules, while improving the security factor, is a great help to reduce the exorbitant costs of providing security and pursuing criminals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - بررسی حقوق مالکیت فکری گیاهان دارویی و مسأله سرقت زیستی در پرتو موافقت نامه جنبه های تجاری حقوق مالکیت معنوی (TRIPS)
مریم احمدی ابوطالب کوشادر طی دو دهه گذشته نقش حقوق مالکیت فکری در تمامی زمینه های علمی و فن آوری در سطح جهانی بسیار حایز اهمیت بوده است. در وهله نخست این امر به علت قوانینی که توسط موافقت نامه TRIPS سازمان تجارت جهانی و موافقت نامه های تجاری دوجانبه /منطقه ای تدوین و تجویز شده است. موافقت نام Moreدر طی دو دهه گذشته نقش حقوق مالکیت فکری در تمامی زمینه های علمی و فن آوری در سطح جهانی بسیار حایز اهمیت بوده است. در وهله نخست این امر به علت قوانینی که توسط موافقت نامه TRIPS سازمان تجارت جهانی و موافقت نامه های تجاری دوجانبه /منطقه ای تدوین و تجویز شده است. موافقت نامه TRIPS، تمامی کشورهای عضو سازمان تجارت جهانی را ملزم به پذیرش و اجرای حداقل استانداردهای حقوق مالکیت فکری می نماید. با این وجود، در حین مذاکرات موافقت نامهTRIPS ، اجماعی در زمینه بحث برانگیز اختراعات زیست فن آوری حاصل نگردید. ایالات متحده و دیگر کشورهای توسعه یافته هیچ گونه استثنایی را بر حقوق ثبت اختراعات برنمی تافتند، در حالی که دیگر کشورهای در حال توسعه ترجیح می دادند که تمامی اختراعات زیست فن آوری را از حقوق مالکیت فکری مستثنی نمایند. عمده منابع ژنتیکی در کشورهای در حال توسعه قرار دارد و از همین رو شرکت‏های متعدد در پی دستیابی به ژن‏ها، میکروب‏ها، گیاهان، حیوانات و حتی جمعیت‏های بومی انسانی هستند تا آن‏ها را به عنوان یک کالا به انحصار خود درآورند. منتقدان، برقراری حقوق مالکیت فکری برای کشورهای صنعتی را نسبت به این منابع، "سرقت زیستی" مینامند و الزام ملل در حال توسعه را به پرداخت حق امتیاز به ملل مرفه صنعتی در ازای فرآوردههایی‏ که از منابع ژنتیکی و بعضاً از دانش سنتی خود آن ها گرفته شده، «استعمار زیستی» میدانند. صنایع دارویی، عمده ترین سارقان ذخایر ژنی و منابع طبیعی در سطح بین المللی به شمار می آیند، لذا این بر عهده کشورهای جهان سوم است که ضمن حفظ منابع و ذخایر حیاتی خود، از این مواهب طبیعی استفاده بهینه را به عمل آورند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Criminality analysis of urban spaces based on the theory of space syntax (Case Study: Theft Crimes in Pakdasht City)
keramatollah ziari vahid abbasifallah hasan khodabandehlo mehdi ehsasikhahIntroduction :The spatial configuration is the way spaces are placed together and in their relationships, which illustrates the importance of spatial communication in the whole system. Goal : In order to measure the relationship between security and spatial configuratio MoreIntroduction :The spatial configuration is the way spaces are placed together and in their relationships, which illustrates the importance of spatial communication in the whole system. Goal : In order to measure the relationship between security and spatial configurations, the indicators of interconnection, connection, selection, control, and types of theft crimes have been investigated.Geographical area of research: The study area of the research is the legal area of Pakdasht city.Methodology : The present study was carried out with the attention of the spatial event of exploratory atrocities and then to investigate the spatial factors affecting the occurrence of crimes of an analytical type.Results and discussion: In these maps, an analysis of the distribution of various types of theft crimes related to the spatial configuration of the city has been obtained. Finally, the correlation between spatial configuration and types of crime counts in SPSS software was measured by Pearson correlation test.Conclusion: The results of the research show that there is a positive correlation between opportunistic crime (theft) and spatial configurations indicators. This means that an increase in the level of these indicators results in an increase in the number of crimes of theft and the perpetrators, in such a context, can possibly steal more. However, in detail this relationship and the connection with the theft of residential houses and casings have been negated, and the theft of residential houses has occurred in less interconnected areas, but with a higher depth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Security of Resources and Library Equipment against Theft in Shahid Beheshti University Campus Libraries
atie baghestani mohsen Hajaeinolabedini fatemeh PazokiObjective: Purpose of this study is identifying the status of situation of security and protection of resources and equipment in Shahid Beheshti University Libraries. Methods: applied research is conducted with survey method. Information gathered and analyzed from libra MoreObjective: Purpose of this study is identifying the status of situation of security and protection of resources and equipment in Shahid Beheshti University Libraries. Methods: applied research is conducted with survey method. Information gathered and analyzed from libraries’ managers of Shahid University. Results: The results showed that the most stolen equipment and supplies were, pages, images and maps in the books, and most preparations used to protect and preserve the library collections the care and conservation of building libraries against all types of thefts during the hours the holidays. Conclusion: The status of the security of resources and equipment against theft in central library and the document center and attached centers in Shahid Beheshti University is good. Of course by revising the regulations of the security issues of each library seems necessary and should be updated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - A Machine Learning Approach to Detect Energy Fraud in Smart Distribution Network
Mahdi Emadaleslami Mahmoud-Reza Haghifam -
Open Access Article
23 - Criteria for fulfilling the ablution and its desecration in the five religions and criminal law of Iran
Soheila Baybordi Mahmoud Qayyumzadeh Abbas Ali HeydariOne of the conditions of theft subject to hadd is that the stolen property is in the amulet. An amulet is a suitable place where the property of mystics is protected from theft. Therefore, the amulet of property changes according to time and place, and the criterion for MoreOne of the conditions of theft subject to hadd is that the stolen property is in the amulet. An amulet is a suitable place where the property of mystics is protected from theft. Therefore, the amulet of property changes according to time and place, and the criterion for distinguishing it is custom. Blasphemy and expulsion of property from amulets are other conditions of theft to the extent that blasphemy, in addition to material blasphemy, includes spiritual blasphemy. Criteria of custom as well as the ability to maintain property in the realization of amulets are discussed. Blasphemy is also carried out according to customary criteria. The emergence of the virtual world is also effective in redefining the amulet and its desecration. The five religions mainly agree on the criteria for performing the ablution and its desecration. In Iranian criminal law, however, the criterion of custom is accepted. This study has found that in general, the criteria for performing the amulet and its desecration are the same in Islamic jurisprudence and Iranian criminal law and is based on customaryness, although in Islamic jurisprudence there are many differences in determining the instances of the amulet. Manuscript profile
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